丙型肝炎病毒多CTL表位树突状细胞疫苗的构建及体外刺激T细胞应答

目的构建丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）多细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）表位树突状细胞（DC）疫苗,观察其体外刺激的T细胞反应,为下一步做体内免疫实验提供一定的资料。方法构建和制备出含绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）标签的HCV两个CTL表位的重组腺病毒,感染DC,直接在荧光显微镜下或用流式细胞仪检测其感染率;RT-PCR和Western Blot方法检测HCV多CTL表位的表达。流式细胞术分析感染前后DC的CD80、CD83、CD86和人类白细胞抗原（HLA）-DR的表达,CCK-8法观察感染重组腺病毒的DC促进T细胞的增殖效应。ELISA检测重组腺病毒刺激后的DC培养上清液内白细胞介素（IL）-12及DC和T细胞混合培养上清液内干扰素（IFN）-γ的含量。用乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）释放法检测特异性CTL的杀伤活性。结果成功构建含GFP标签的HCV多CTL表位的重组腺病毒,并在DC中表达。重组腺病毒能促进DC成熟,DC的CD80、CD83、CD86和HLA-DR的表达分别为（71.19±3.29）%、（81.21±5.07）%、（91.23±4.24）%、（97.95±5.31）%。感染DC后促进同源T细胞增殖,DC：T为1：10时增殖指数为6.806±0.247。分泌的IL-12和IFN-γ也明显增多,分别达到（193.83±6.25）pg/ml和（111.14±2.09）pg/ml。感染DC刺激的CTL能特异性杀伤转染FL-J6/JFH的Huh-7.5细胞,当效靶比为100：1时,AD1-DC-L的杀伤率为35.99%。结论重组多CTL表位腺病毒在体外能有效感染DC,促进了T细胞反应,为下一步抗HCV的DC疫苗研制打下基础。     

体外负载冻融抗原的脐血树突状细胞诱导的抗肝癌效应

目的评价体外应用肝癌细胞冻融抗原负载的脐血树突状细胞（DC）所诱导的抗肝癌效应。方法采集健康足月剖宫产孕妇胎盘端脐血,分离脐血单个核细胞（CBMNC）及T淋巴细胞,用GM-CSF、IL-4及TNF-α联合诱导CBMNC分化为DC,观察形态学变化并以流式细胞术鉴定,选培养的第3天以肝癌细胞冻融抗原负载的CBMNC-DC,以负载抗原的DC刺激自体淋巴细胞活化为自体细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）,并用CTL对肝癌细胞进行杀伤,MTT法测定活化的自体淋巴细胞的相对数量和CTL对肝癌细胞的杀伤率。结果体外负载肿瘤冻融抗原的脐血DC可诱导显著的自体效应淋巴细胞增殖及抗肝癌效应。结论体外负载抗原的脐血DC可诱导显著的抗肝癌效应,是具有临床应用前景的肝癌疫苗。     

rAAV-AFP转染人外周血单核细胞来源树突状细胞增强免疫刺激功能

目的:探讨表达甲胎蛋白抗原的重组腺相关病毒rAAV-AFP转染对人外周血单核细胞来源树突状细胞(DC)免疫刺激功能的影响．方法:用rAAV-AFP转染新分离的DC;苔盼蓝拒染法检测每天的活细胞比率;流式细胞仪检测DC表面分子CD80,CD86,CD83,CD40, CD1a,HLA-DR及AFP的表达;并用3H-TdR掺入法检测转染前后DC刺激自体淋巴细胞增殖能力;MTT法检测DC诱导T细胞的杀伤活性．结果:成熟DC 77．7％表达AFP蛋白;转染对活细胞百分率和成熟DC表型无影响,与未转染组无显著差异(P>0．05);转染后DC仍保持较强的刺激自体淋巴细胞增殖的能力,与未转染组也无显著性差异(P>0．05),并且可诱导出特异性杀伤,效应细胞和靶细胞为80:1,40:1,20:1 时,与未转染组相比均有显著差异(35．5±5．5 vs 20．6±4．7;28．7±3．6 vs 15.3±2．5;16．2±2．8 vs 9．6±1．8;均P<0．01)．结论:rAAV可负载AFP基因在DC中表达, rAAV-AFP转染DC对其功能无明显影响,免疫功能更强．     

负载肿瘤抗原的DC体外诱导抗肿瘤免疫反应的实验研究

目的 研究自体及同种异体树突状细胞(DC)体外负载肿瘤抗原后刺激T淋巴细胞增殖及诱导抗肿瘤免疫反应的能力.方法 利用细胞因子诱导人骨髓单个核细胞生成DC,尼龙毛柱法分离T淋巴细胞,3H-TdR掺入法检测负载肺癌细胞凋亡小体的自体及同种异体DC体外刺激T细胞增殖反应,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放法检测负载肺癌细胞凋亡小体的自体及同种异体DC刺激的T细胞对肺癌细胞和乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7的杀伤作用.结果 骨髓细胞诱生的自体及同种异体DC负载肿瘤抗原后,均具有刺激T淋巴细胞增殖的能力,负载肿瘤抗原的自体及异体DC激活的T淋巴细胞后均可杀伤两种靶细胞,T细胞对MCF-7的杀伤力明显低于对患者肺癌细胞的杀伤力. 结论人自体或异体DC体外负载细胞性肿瘤抗原后,可有效地刺激T淋巴细胞的增殖,产生特异性肿瘤杀伤作用.     

胰腺癌细胞总RNA转染树突细胞与胰腺癌-树突融合细胞激发特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞能力的比较研究

目的比较人胰腺癌MiaPaCa-2细胞总RNA电转染树突细胞(Dendritic Cell,DC)与DCMiaPaCa-2融合细胞体外激发抗原特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞(Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte,CTL)能力的差异。方法自6例胰腺癌患者外周血单核细胞中分离、培养DC。使用电穿孔法将MiaPaCa-2细胞总RNA转染DC,使用细胞融合方法将胰腺癌MiaPaCa-2细胞抗原负载DC,以未负载抗原的DC为对照。使用流式细胞术(FCM)检测PE-MUC/FITC-CD86抗体双标细胞评估融合效率;四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)检测转染各组DC存活率;混合细胞培养法评价各组DC体外刺激自体T淋巴细胞增殖能力;ELISA法检测各组DC体外激发抗原特异性CTL因子释放量。结果采用PEG-DMSO诱导的DC与MiaPaCa-2的融合细胞同时表达DC表型和MUC1分子,CD86与MUC1双阳性表达率为(42.3±7.30)%;融合细胞组DC存活率呈时间依赖性下降,转染后96h的存活率降低至62.81%,而MiaPaCa-2总RNA转染组DC细胞存活率稳定在85%左右,两组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);转染MiaPaCa-2总RNA DC刺激自体T细胞增殖指数(DC:T=1:10)为8432±611.25,显著高于DC-MiaPaCa-2融合细胞(DC:T=1:10)5672±107.51(P0.05);且MiaPaCa-2总RNA转染DC激发特异性CTL分泌IL-12p70、IL-10和IFN-γ细胞水平亦显著异于DC-MiaPaCa-2融合细胞(P0.05)。结论胰腺癌细胞总RNA转染DC较胰腺癌-树突融合细胞有更强的体外抗原特异性CTL激发能力。     

人类免疫缺陷病毒感染中的特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞反应(一)

特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞（Cytoxic T　Lympho-cyte,CTL）是一类可以杀伤表达特异性抗原靶细胞的T细胞亚群。CTL是抗细胞内感染（病毒、单核细胞增多性李斯特菌等）、急性同种异型移植物排斥反应和杀伤肿瘤的重要效应细胞[1]。 大多数CTL表达CD8分子,由其TCRαβ识别源于细胞内合成的外源抗原肽。该抗原肽自身MHC-I类分子形成复合物,在靶细胞表面上表达。近年的研究发现,HIV特异性CD8 T淋巴细胞是机体抗HIV的最主要的免疫细胞。这类细胞与被病毒感染的细胞特异性结合后,可以分泌各种细胞因子,杀死靶细胞。在艾滋病病毒感染的急性期,患者血浆病毒     

K562细胞可溶性抗原负载树突状细胞体外诱导CTL作用的研究

目的探讨经K562细胞裂解物冲击致敏的外周血单个核细胞衍生的树突状细胞（DC）的生物特性及体外诱导抗原特异性CTL应答的能力。方法采集健康人抗凝外周血分离单个核细胞，贴壁细胞用含rhGM—CSF、rhIL-4、TNF—α的RPM1640＋10％FBS培养基体外诱导培养产生DC，5天收获细胞并将细胞分组：A组：未负载抗原DC；B组：加入K562细胞裂解液脉冲DC。7天后用流式细胞仪检测成熟DC免疫表型，并将非贴壁细胞（淋巴细胞）作为效应细胞与各组DE共育，以产生细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）。12天用LDH释放试验测定对K562细胞的杀伤活性。并用ELISA方法测定细胞上清液中IL-12的含量。结果（1）经细胞因子联合体外诱导的各组DC较培养前在数量，形态及免疫表型上差异有统计学意义，CD86、CD83、CD40、CD1a表达增加，其中经K562细胞裂解液冲击的DC的CD83CD86表达率明显升高。（2）效应细胞与K562细胞混合培养时，负载K562细胞裂解液的DC刺激后的T细胞比单独DC刺激后的T细胞对K562细胞的杀伤作用更明显。（3）负载K562细胞裂解液的DC细胞培养上清液中产生IL-12含量较未负载抗原的DC明显增加。结论用GM—CSF、IL-4以及TNF—α诱导培养健康人外周血单个核细胞可以得到成熟的DC，且经K562细胞裂解液致敏可以进一步促进DC的成熟并体外诱导特异性杀伤靶细胞的CTL。     

树突状细胞HBsAg疫苗抗乙型肝炎病毒免疫的体外研究

目的 研究人单核细胞来源的树突状细胞（DC）激活的HBsAg特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）对表达HBsAg的HepG2/S靶细胞的杀伤效应，以探索DC-HBsAg疫苗在抗乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）中的作用。方法 从健康外周血中分离邮单核细胞，在粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）和白细胞介素4（IL-4）的作用下培养7d诱导出DC，然后以DC为刺激细胞在体外诱导出HBsAg特异性CTL；将携有HBV-S基因的pLXSN/S重组质粒电击导入肝癌细胞系（HepG2)，建立表达HBsAg的靶细胞模型HepG2/S；用染色法检测HBsAg特异性CTL对HepG2/S靶细胞的杀伤效应。结果 DC激活的HBsAg特异性CTL对HepG2/S靶细胞具有较强的杀伤效应，不同浓度HBsAg(0μg/L，50μg/L和100μg/L）诱导的CTL的杀伤率分别为3.8%,69.5%和85.1%，而CTL对HepG2细胞无明显杀伤效应。结论 由DC激活的HBsAg特异性CTL具有较强制 特异性抗HBV作用。     

负载肝癌抗原树突细胞瘤苗对癌细胞免疫抑制作用

目的探讨人自体肝癌细胞裂解物致敏的树突细胞(DC)瘤苗对自体肝癌细胞免疫功能的影响。方法从肝癌患者外周血单个核细胞中诱导DC,用相关细胞因子及自体肝癌细胞刺激活化,制备DC瘤苗;应用流式细胞仪检测T淋巴细胞增殖情况,观察刺激术前及术后自体的T淋巴细胞以及产生的特异性的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)对自身肿瘤细胞的抑制效果。结果肝癌DC瘤苗刺激术后自体T淋巴细胞增殖能力及抑制肿瘤细胞作用显著强于术前,T淋巴细胞增殖指数术后(1.86±0.15)较术前(1.18±0.13)显著增高、CD8+T细胞增殖指数术后(1.55±0.35)较术前(0.95±0.12)增加显著,术后与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。肝癌DC瘤苗活化的术后自体CTL对自体肝癌细胞有较强杀伤作用,杀伤率由术前的(32.35±2.26)%增加到术后的(69.80±3.45)%。结论肝癌DC瘤苗活化的术后自体CTL对自体肝癌细胞杀伤作用比术前作用显著,DC瘤苗能有效地诱导抗肿瘤免疫反应,有望在肝癌术后的治疗中发挥作用。     

树突状细胞疫苗治疗慢性乙型肝炎的临床观察

形成慢性乙型肝炎的重要原因之一是树突状细胞（DC）功能缺陷。已知DC是功能最强的抗原递呈细胞，也是惟一能激活初始型T淋巴细胞的抗原递呈细胞，在T淋巴细胞介导的细胞免疫中起重要作用。当用特异性病毒抗原负载DC时，有可能通过诱导抗原特异细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）活性而特异性杀伤表达病毒抗原的靶细胞。     

负载食管癌抗原的DC诱导特异性CTL对食管癌细胞体外杀伤作用观察

目的观察负载食管癌抗原的树突状细胞（DC）活化的特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTLs）对食管癌细胞的体外杀伤作用。方法冻融法获取食管癌细胞抗原,联合应用粒细胞—巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（rhGM-CSF）、白细胞介素4（IL-4）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）诱导培养外周血DC并负载肿瘤抗原,激活自体T淋巴细胞,制备特异性CTLs。将其加入食管癌细胞中培养48 h,用MTT法检测食管癌细胞裂解率,ELISA法检测γ干扰素（γ-IFN）水平。结果负载食管癌抗原的DC激活的CTLs表现出对食管癌Eca109细胞的特异性杀伤作用,γ-IFN水平为（1 625±37.55）pg/ml;而对A549细胞仅有微弱的杀伤作用,γ-IFN水平为（169.04±13.81）pg/ml。未负载食管癌抗原DC刺激的CTLs对食管癌细胞几无杀伤作用。结论负载食管癌抗原的DC激活的CTLs在体外对食管癌细胞能产生高效而特异性的杀伤作用。     

HepG2细胞抗原对脐血CD34^＋造血干细胞诱导分化的树突细胞免疫功能的影响

背景：树突细胞（DC）是体内功能最强的抗原呈递细胞,可激活初始型T细胞,生成辅助性T细胞和杀伤性T细胞。DC具有特异性呈递肿瘤抗原的能力,在肿瘤免疫中发挥重要作用。目的：探讨HepG2细胞抗原对脐血CD34^＋造血干细胞诱导分化的DC免疫功能的影响。方法：分离培养脐血CD34^＋造血干细胞后,加入细胞因子组合诱导生成DC并将其分成HepG2细胞抗原负载组和对照组．以流式细胞仪测定DC生成率和免疫表型,以酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）含量,以MTT法检测细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL细胞）对HepG2细胞的杀伤作用。结果：DC生成率为60．2％±9．4％。与对照组相比,HepG2细胞抗原负载组DC免疫表型CD1a^＋／CD40^＋、CD83^＋／CD86^＋、CD14^＋／HLA-DR^＋比例显著增高（57．6％±5．4％对33．2％±6．0％、32．5％±3．9％对26．0％±2．8％、38．1％±2．6％对29．1％±2．1％,P〈0．01）;IFN-γ含量呈时间依赖性增高;CTL细胞对HepG2细胞的杀伤作用显著增强（43.3％±11.3％对13．9％±4．6％,P〈0．01）。结论：应用HepG2细胞抗原孵育脐血CD34^＋造血干细胞可诱导分化成熟DC,DC可促进异基因淋巴细胞活化分泌IFN-γ,并产生特异性CTL细胞,杀伤肝癌HepG2细胞。     

胰腺癌相关抗原MUC1与survivin mRNA联合转染树突细胞激发特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞能力的体外研究

目的 研究人胰腺癌MUC1与survivin mRNA联合转染树突细胞（DC）体外激发特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞（CTL）的能力,为构建负载多抗原表位DC疫苗治疗胰腺癌提供实验依据.方法 自6例胰腺癌患者外周血单核细胞中分离、培养并鉴定DC.常规培养人胰腺癌细胞株MiaPaCa-2,采用RT-PCR方法扩增MUC1和survivin mRNA.应用电穿孔法将两种mRNA单独或联合转染DC,分别命名为DC-MUC1、DC-survivin、DC-MUC1＋ survivin.采用实时定量PCR法检测DC的MUC1、survivin mRNA表达;四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）法检测DC存活率;使用混合细胞培养法检测转染DC体外刺激自体T淋巴细胞的增殖能力;应用ELISA法检测转染DC体外激发抗原特异性CTL释放Th1型细胞因子IL-2、IL-10、granzyme B、IFN-γ的水平.结果 成功获得成熟的DC,成熟DC的表面标志物CD40、HLA-DR、CD83和CD86的阳性表达率分别为34.31％、50.21％、89.17％和73.62％.DC-MUC1的MUC1 mRNA表达量为36.24±5.17;DC-survivin的survivin mRNA表达量为34.53±4.02;DC-MUC1＋survivin的MUC1、survivin mRNA表达量分别为31.79±4.26和14.67±2.96,显著低于单转染的DC（P值均＜0.05）.DC-MUC1＋ survivin的存活率呈现时间依赖性下降,96 h时的存活率显著低于单转染DC（50.21％比80％左右,P值均＜0.05）.当作为刺激细胞的DC和作为效应细胞的T淋巴细胞比例为1∶10、1∶20时,DC-MUC1＋ survivin刺激自体T细胞的增殖指数显著高于单转染DC,差异有统计学意义（P值均＜0.05）;而比例为1∶40、1∶80时的增殖指数差异无统计学意义.当DC∶T为1∶10孵育14 d时,DC-MUC1、DC-survivin、DC-MUC1＋survivin的IL-2水平分别为（892.73±32.90）、（713.62±56.37）、（1884.37±95.21） pg/ml;granzyme B水平分别为（501.62±12.30）、（203.84±12.55）、（1193.15±86.04） pg/ml;IFN-γ水平分别为（981.50±47.82）、（696.05±41.66）、（2237.94±189.55） pg/ml.DC-MUC1＋ survivin显著高于单转染的DC,差异有统计学?     

HBcAg-pulsed dendritic cell vaccine induces Th1 polarization and production of hepatitis B virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Aim:  Dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with HBsAg efficiently reverse the immune tolerance to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and induce HBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in transgenic mice and healthy volunteers. However, it is not clear whether HBV core antigen (HBcAg)-pulsed DCs can effectively induce CD4⁺ helper T cells polarization into Th1, which contribute to the induction and maintenance of HBV-specific CD8⁺ T cells in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. To address this issue, we conducted this study and investigated whether HBcAg-pulsed DCs could polarize Th1 cells and induce an HBcAg-specific CTL response.
Methods:  HBcAg-pulsed DCs were generated from 21 CHB patients. The capacity of the HBcAg-pulsed DC vaccine to stimulate CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells to produce IFN-γ and IL-4 was estimated by intercellular cytokine staining, and the HBcAg-pulsed DCs derived from 10 humam leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A2⁺ CHB patients were tested for the induction of HBV-specific CTLs from autologous T cells by pentamer staining. The cytotoxicity of these CTLs was evaluated in vitro by flow cytometry.
Results:  The HBcAg-pulsed DCs derived from CHB patients exhibited a stronger capacity to stimulate autologous CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells to release IFN-γ rather than IL-4, which could induce HBV core 18-27 specific CTLs, suggesting a specific cytotoxicity against T2 cells that had been loaded with the HBV core 18-27 peptide in vitro .
Conclusion:  HBcAg-pulsed DC vaccine derived from CHB patients efficiently induced autologous T cell polarization to Th1 and generation of HBV core 18-27 specific CTLs.     

胰腺癌细胞总RNA转染树突细胞诱导特异性CTL能力的体外研究

目的观察人胰腺癌Mia Pa Ca-2细胞总RNA电转染树突细胞(Dendritic Cell,DC)体外激发抗原特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞(Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte,CTL)的能力。方法自6例胰腺癌患者外周血单核细胞中分离、培养DC。使用电穿孔法将Mia Pa Ca-2细胞总RNA体外转录和PCR扩增的MUC1m RNA转染DC,以未负载抗原的DC为对照。采用实时定量PCR技术检测各组DC中MUC1表达。四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)检测转染各组DC存活率变化;混合细胞培养法评价各组DC体外刺激自体T淋巴细胞增殖能力;ELISA法检测各组DC体外激发抗原特异性CTL细胞因子释放量。结果 Mia Pa Ca-2总RNA与MUC1 m RNA分别转染后48 h DC中目标抗原的相对表达量分别为37.24±3.17和34.53±2.02,两者比较无显著差异(P0.05)。电转染后96 h Mia Pa Ca-2总RNA转染组DC存活率降至60.81%,低于MUC1 m RNA单转染时DC的存活率(80%左右)(P0.05)。转染Mia Pa Ca-2总RNA DC刺激自体T细胞增殖指数为8 432±611.25,显著高于MUC1单独转染组3 664±305.17(P0.05);且转染Mia Pa Ca-2总RNA DC激发特异性CTL分泌IL-2、IL-10、Granzyme B、IFN-γ水平亦显著高于MUC1 m RNA单独转染组(P0.05)。结论胰腺癌肿瘤细胞总RNA转染的DC较单一胰腺癌相关抗原负载DC有更强的体外抗原特异性CTL激发能力。     

Testing recombinant adeno-associated virus-gene loading of dendritic cells for generating potent cytotoxic T lymphocytes against a prototype self-antigen,multiple myeloma HM1.24

Recent studies demonstrate that recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-based antigen loading of dendritic cells (DCs) generates significant and rapid (one stimulation per week) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses in vitro against viral antigens. As a more extensive analysis of the rAAV system, we have used a self-antigen, HM1.24, expressed in multiple myeloma (MM). Again, with one stimulation, significant major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 1-restricted, anti-HM1.24-specific CTL killing was demonstrated against MM cells. Furthermore, higher expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in T cells and higher expression levels of, in order of significance, CD80 (2.6- to 3.8-fold increase), CD86, and CD40 on DCs were also observed. The use of synthetic HM1.24-positive target cells further demonstrated the antigen specificity of these CTLs. There was also no evidence of natural killer cell involvement. These data extend our earlier studies and suggest that the rAAV-loading of DCs may be a particularly good protocol for generating CTLs against self-antigens, which may not otherwise be considered good targets because of their low immunogenicity. We also show that HM1.24 may be an effective antigen for targeting MM.     

胰腺癌Capan-2细胞总RNA转染树突细胞诱导特异性抗肿瘤免疫反应的体外研究

目的 观察人胰腺癌Capan-2细胞总RNA转染的树突细胞（DCs）所诱导的抗肿瘤免疫反应.方法 从6例胰腺癌患者外周血单核细胞中分离、培养DCs.使用电穿孔法将Capan-2细胞总RNA及MUC4 mRNA分别转染DCs.应用四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）法检测转染后DCs的存活率.采用蛋白质印迹法检测DCs中MUC4 mRNA的表达.使用IFN-γ酶联免疫法检测DCs诱导的细胞毒T淋巴细胞（CTLs）的活化反应.采用51Cr标准细胞毒实验检测DCs诱导的抗原特异性CTLs对体外胰腺癌细胞的杀伤效应.结果 Capan-2细胞总RNA转染的DCs（DC-Capan-2-total RNA）的存活率呈时间依赖性下降,转染后96 h的存活率降低至60.8％,而转染MUC4 mRNA的DCs（DC-MUC4 mRNA）的存活率稳定在80.0％左右,两转染组DCs的差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.DC-Capan-2-total RNA的MUC4蛋白表达量亦显著低于DC-MUC4 mRNA（P＜0.05）.DC-Capan-2-total RNA诱导的CTLs 24 h IFN-γ释放量为（89.34±3.85） U/ml,DC-MUC4 mRNA为（21.77±2.14） U/ml,两转染组的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.DC-Capan-2-total RNA诱导的特异性CTLs能够有效识别和杀伤HLA-A2 ＋/MUC4＋的Capan-2细胞及HLA-A2 ＋/MUC4-的PANC1细胞,而不能有效识别和杀伤HLA-A2-/MUC4-的MiaPaCa-2细胞和HLA-A2-/MUC4＋的AsPC-1细胞.结论 胰腺癌细胞总RNA转染的DCs较单个胰腺癌相关抗原转染的DCs能诱导出更加显著的CTLs抗肿瘤免疫反应,但受到MHC Ⅰ类抗原递呈的限制.     

Successful cross-presentation of allogeneic myeloma cells by autologous alpha-type 1-polarized dendritic cells as an effective tumor antigen in myeloma patients with matched monoclonal immunoglobulins

For wide application of a dendritic cell (DC) vaccination in myeloma patients, easily available tumor antigens should be developed. We investigated the feasibility of cellular immunotherapy using autologous alpha-type 1-polarized dendritic cells (αDC1s) loaded with apoptotic allogeneic myeloma cells, which could generate myeloma-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against autologous myeloma cells in myeloma patients. Monocyte-derived DCs were matured by adding the αDC1-polarizing cocktail (TNFα/IL-1β/IFN-α/IFN-γ/poly-I:C) and loaded with apoptotic allogeneic CD138(+) myeloma cells from other patients with matched monoclonal immunoglobulins as a tumor antigen. There were no differences in the phenotypic expression between αDC1s loaded with apoptotic autologous and allogeneic myeloma cells. Autologous αDC1s effectively took up apoptotic allogeneic myeloma cells from other patients with matched subtype. Myeloma-specific CTLs against autologous target cells were successfully induced by αDC1s loaded with allogeneic tumor antigen. The cross-presentation of apoptotic allogeneic myeloma cells to αDC1s could generate CTL responses between myeloma patients with individual matched monoclonal immunoglobulins. There was no difference in CTL responses between αDC1s loaded with autologous tumor antigen and allogeneic tumor antigen against targeting patient's myeloma cells. Our data indicate that autologous DCs loaded with allogeneic myeloma cells with matched immunoglobulin can generate potent myeloma-specific CTL responses against autologous myeloma cells and can be a highly feasible and effective method for cellular immunotherapy in myeloma patients.     

Induction of HM1.24 peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by using peripheral-blood stem-cell harvests in patients with multiple myeloma

HM1.24 antigen is preferentially overexpressed in multiple myeloma (MM) cells but not in normal cells. To explore the potential of HM1.24 as a target for cellular immunotherapy, we selected 4 HM1.24-derived peptides that possess binding motifs for HLA-A2 or HLA-A24 by using 2 computer-based algorithms. The ability of these peptides to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was examined in 20 healthy donors and 6 patients with MM by a reverse immunologic approach. Dendritic cells (DCs) were induced from peripheral-blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors or peripheral-blood stem-cell (PBSC) harvests from patients with MM, and autologous CD8(+) T cells were stimulated with HM1.24 peptide-pulsed DCs. Both interferon-gamma-producing and cytotoxic responses were observed after stimulation with either HM1.24-126 or HM1.24-165 peptides in HLA-A2 or HLA-A24 individuals. The peptide-specific recognition of these CTLs was further confirmed by tetramer assay and cold target inhibition assay. Importantly, HM1.24-specific CTLs were also induced from PBSC harvests from patients with MM and these CTLs were able to kill MM cells in an HLA-restricted manner. These results indicate the existence of functional DCs and HM1.24-specific CTL precursors within PBSC harvests and provide the basis for cellular immunotherapy in combination with autologous PBSC transplantation in MM.