FAP-1和Fas在子宫内膜癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的：研究Fas相关磷酸酯酶-1（FAP-1）和Fas在子宫内膜癌中的表达及其与临床病理特征间的关系。方法：采用S-P免疫组化法检测63例子宫内膜癌中FAP-1、Fas的表达,同时检测13例子宫内膜非典型增生及20例正常子宫内膜组织作为对照。结果：FAP-1在子宫内膜癌中表达率为71.4%,明显高于正常子宫内膜中的表达率25%（P〈0.05）。Fas在子宫内膜癌和正常子宫内膜组织中表达率分别为52.4%和85%（P〈0.05）。Fas蛋白表达阳性、阴性的子宫内膜癌组织中,FAP-1表达阳性率分别为51.5%、93.3%,两者间呈明显负相关（P〈0.05）。FAP-1的阳性表达与子宫内膜癌临床分期、组织分级有关（P〈0.05）,与年龄、肌层浸润及淋巴结转移无关（P〉0.05）;Fas的阳性表达与子宫内膜癌组织分级、淋巴结转移有关（P〈0.05）,与年龄、临床分期及肌层浸润无关（P〉0.05）。结论：FAP-1抵抗Fas介导的细胞凋亡在子宫内膜癌的发生、发展中起一定作用,FAP-1与Fas可作为判断子宫内膜癌生物学行为的参考指标,为子宫内膜癌的基因治疗提供参考依据。     

子宫内膜癌中p27蛋白与肿瘤相关抗原SC3A的表达及临床意义

目的探讨抑癌基因p27蛋白与肿瘤相关抗原SC 3A在子宫内膜癌中的表达及临床意义。方法应用免疫组化S-P法检测66例子宫内膜癌中p27、SC 3A的蛋白表达。结果p27与SC 3A在66例子宫内膜癌中的阳性表达率分别为53.0%和81.8%,与子宫内膜非典型增生及正常增生期子宫内膜对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。p27蛋白的阳性表达率与子宫内膜癌的组织分级、临床分期呈负相关(P<0.05),而与子宫内膜癌的肌层浸润、淋巴结转移无明显相关性(P>0.05)。SC 3A的阳性表达率与组织分级、临床分期、肌层浸润及淋巴结转移无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论同时检测p27、SC 3A对提高子宫内膜癌的检出率及判断预后有重要的指导意义。     

PTEN和CyclinE蛋白在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达

目的探讨子宫内膜良性、癌前病变和恶性病变中PTEN、CyclinE蛋白的表达及其意义.方法采用免疫组化S-P法检测正常子宫内膜、子宫内膜增生、非典型性增生和子宫内膜癌组织中PTEN和CyclinE蛋白.结果非典型性增生组和子宫内膜样癌组中PTEN和CyclinE蛋白阳性表达率分别为60.0%,50.0%和42.0%,62.2%.非典型性增生组中PTEN的阳性表达显著低于正常组和增生组(P<0.02),而CyclinE的阳性表达则显著高于正常组和增生组(P<0.03).PTEN和CyclinE蛋白在子宫内膜样癌组中的表达呈负相关(r=-0.4475,P<0.01).宫内膜样癌中PTEN蛋白阳性表达的缺失与组织学分级(P<0.02)及肌层浸润深度或伴有转移有关(P<0.04),与临床分期无关(P>0.05).CyclinE的阳性表达率则与组织学分级有关(P<0.05),与肌层浸润(P>0.05)和临床分期无关(P>0.05).结论 PTEN表达缺失和CyclinE的过度表达与子宫内膜样癌的发生发展密切相关,二者的联合检测可作为子宫内膜样癌早期诊断的生物学指标.     

子宫内膜癌组织PTEN和c-erbB-2蛋白表达临床意义的探讨

-2的阳性表达率明显高于正常子宫内膜和子宫内膜不典型增生,P<0.05; c-erbB-2阳性表达与子宫内膜癌的病理分级、临床分期、肌层浸润深度和淋巴转移相关(P<0.05),但与不典型增生的程度无关(P>0.05).在子宫内膜癌组织中PTEN的表达缺失率与c-erbB-2的过度表达呈正相关.结论:PTEN蛋白的表达缺失与子宫内膜癌的发生有关;c-erbB-2蛋白的高表达提示预后不良;PTEN和c-erbB-2联合检测可作为筛选复发转移高危因素的标志.     

葡萄糖转运蛋白1和磷脂结合蛋白-1在子宫内膜癌中的表达及意义

背景与目的:探讨葡萄糖转运蛋白1(GLUT1)和磷脂结合蛋白.1(Annexin-1)在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达情况及其与临床病理参数之间的关系.材料与方法:采用免疫组化S-P法检测65例子宫内膜癌、27例非典型增生和21例增生期子宫内膜组织中GLUT1和Annexin-1的表达.结果:在增生期子宫内膜、非典型增生、子宫内膜癌的GLUT1阳性表达率分别为28.6%、59.3%、81.5%,呈递增趋势,组间两两比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);Annexin-1阳性表达率分别为85.7%、55.6%、49.2%,呈下降趋势,其中子宫内膜癌与增生期子宫内膜比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).GLUT1高表达与子宫内膜癌的组织分级、肌层浸润深度有关(P<0.05),与病理分期、淋巴结是否转移、组织学类型无关(P>0.05);Annexin-1低表达与上述的临床病理参数皆无关(P>0.05).子官内膜癌中GLUT1与Annexin-1呈负性相关(r=-0.540,P=0.000).结论:Annexin-1低表达和GLUT1高表达可能对子宫内膜癌的发牛和发展具有促进作用,二者对子宫内膜癌早期诊断和预后预测有一定意义.     

PTEN与MMP-9在子宫内膜癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨PTEN与MMP-9在子宫内膜癌中的表达、临床意义及二者之间的相关性。方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法检测40例子宫内膜腺癌,10例子宫内膜不典型增生和12例正常子宫内膜石蜡标本中PTEN及MMP-9的表达情况。结果:子宫内膜腺癌组织与子宫内膜不典型增生、正常子宫内膜组织相比,PTEN阳性表达率降低,差异有非常显著性(2χ=12.476,P<0.01);MMP-9的阳性表达率增加,差异有非常显著性(2χ=24.996,P<0.01)。PTEN阳性表达与子宫内膜腺癌病理分级及淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05),与手术病理分期无关(P>0.05)。MMP-9强阳性表达与子宫内膜腺癌病理分级及淋巴结转移相关(P<0.05),与手术病理分期显著相关(P<0.01)。在子宫内膜腺癌中,PTEN与MMP-9的表达呈负相关(r=-0.447,P<0.01)。结论:PTEN的表达缺失可能是诊断子宫内膜腺癌组织与癌前病变的分子标志物,MMP-9在子宫内膜腺癌的浸润转移中起促进作用,与子宫内膜腺癌的预后不良有关。     

子宫内膜癌组织中DcR3的表达及临床意义

目的:检测DcR3在正常增生期子宫内膜、子宫内膜非典型增生和子宫内膜癌组织中的表达,探讨它们在子宫内膜癌发生、发展中的作用.方法:用免疫组织化学法检测DcR3在不同子宫内膜组织中的表达情况.结果:DcR3在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达水平均高于子宫内膜非典型增生和增生期子宫内膜组织(P<0.01).DcR3的表达与子宫内膜癌的临床分期和有无淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05),但与不同病理类型、组织学分级无关(P>0.05).结论:DcR3 在子宫内膜癌的发生、发展过程中可能起着重要的作用.     

claudin-4和MMP-2在子宫内膜癌中的表达及其意义

目的:探讨claudin-4和MMP-2在子宫内膜癌中的表达与临床病理参数之间关系.方法:采用免疫组化S-P法检测75例子宫内膜癌和28例正常增生期子宫内膜中claudin-4和MMP-2表达并作相应分析.结果:子宫内膜癌中claudin-4 和MMP-2表达均高于正常增生期子宫内膜中的表达(P<0.05);claudin-4和MMP-2高表达均与癌组织肌层浸润深度有关(P<0.05),与组织学类型、组织分级、有无淋巴结转移及手术病理分期无关(P>0.05);claudin-4与MMP-2呈正相关(r= 0.53,P<0.05).结论:claudin-4和 MMP-2高表达可能促进子宫内膜的发生和发展,claudin-4和 MMP-2表达可能是判断子宫内膜癌预后的重要参考指标.     

MTA2、PGK1在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及其与肿瘤进展的关系

目的探讨子宫内膜癌组织中转移相关基因2(MTA2)、磷酸甘油酸激酶1(PGK1)的表达与肿瘤进展的关系。方法选取80例子宫内膜癌组织(癌组织)、因子宫脱垂等手术获取的正常子宫内膜组织标本40例(正常组织),采用免疫组化法检测2组标本中的MTA2蛋白、PGK1蛋白阳性表达率,分析不同国际妇产联盟(FIGO)分期、组织学分级、是否发生淋巴结转移、不同浸润深度的子宫内膜癌组织中MTA2蛋白、PGK1蛋白阳性表达率差异。结果子宫内膜癌组织中MTA2、PGK1蛋白阳性表达率分别为71.25%、65.00%,正常子宫内膜组织中的MTA2、PGK1蛋白阳性表达率分别为25.00%、32.50%,2组有统计学差异(P<0.05);在不同FIGO分期、不同组织学分级、是否发生淋巴结转移、不同肌层浸润深度的子宫内膜癌患者MTA2蛋白阳性表达率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在不同FIGO分期、不同组织学分级、是否发生淋巴结转移的子宫内膜癌患者PGK1蛋白阳性表达率比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同肌层浸润深度的子宫癌患者PGK1蛋白阳性表达率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论MTA2、PGK1在子宫内膜癌组织中表达上调,PGK1蛋白与肿瘤的发展关系密切。     

c-erbB-2基因在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及临床意义

[目的]探讨c-erbB-2在子宫内膜癌中表达及临床意义.[方法]采用免疫组化法检测子宫内膜癌、子宫内膜不典型增生和正常子宫内膜组织中c-erbB-2基因的表达,并分析其与临床病理的相关性.[结果]c-erbB-2基因的阳性表达率在子宫内膜癌组(34.62%)明显高于正常子宫内膜(11.11%)和子宫内膜不典型增生组织(13.79%)(P<0.05),并与子宫内膜癌的病理分级、临床分期、肌层浸润深度和淋巴转移明显相关(P<0.05),但与增生的程度无关(P0.05).[结论]c-erbB-2基因表达与子宫内膜癌的浸润、转移密切相关,可作为判断子宫内膜癌生物学行为及预后的重要参考指标.     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk

The possibility that fruit and vegetables may help to reduce the risk of cancer has been studied for over 30 years, but no protective effects have been firmly established. For cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, epidemiological studies have generally observed that people with a relatively high intake of fruit and vegetables have a moderately reduced risk, but these observations must be interpreted cautiously because of potential confounding by smoking and alcohol. For lung cancer, recent large prospective analyses with detailed adjustment for smoking have not shown a convincing association between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk. For other common cancers, including colorectal, breast and prostate cancer, epidemiological studies suggest little or no association between total fruit and vegetable consumption and risk. It is still possible that there are benefits to be identified: there could be benefits in populations with low average intakes of fruit and vegetables, such that those eating moderate amounts have a lower cancer risk than those eating very low amounts, and there could also be effects of particular nutrients in certain fruits and vegetables, as fruit and vegetables have very varied composition. Nutritional principles indicate that healthy diets should include at least moderate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but the available data suggest that general increases in fruit and vegetable intake would not have much effect on cancer rates, at least in well-nourished populations. Current advice in relation to diet and cancer should include the recommendation to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but should put most emphasis on the well-established adverse effects of obesity and high alcohol intakes.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.