人胎儿胃动素的发生及分布研究有新发现

人胎儿胃动素的发生及分布研究有新发现空军广州医院采用特异性胃动素（ＭＴＬ）抗体测定胎儿组织ＭＴＬ浓度，结果发现：在人胚胎脑脊髓和胃肠道中均有不同含量的ＭＴＬ存在，故ＭＴＬ在胎儿时期即为一种脑—肠肽。消化器官ＭＴＬ含量普遍高于脑脊髓组织，空肠组织ＭＴＬ...     

胎肠胰组织阿片肽的分布和发育

用放射免疫法测定了２４例１０－４０周胎儿胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、结肠及胰腺内β－内啡肽、甲硫脑啡肽、亮脑啡肽的浓度。发现１０周胎儿胃肠胰组织内已有少量β－内啡肽、甲硫脑啡肽、亮脑、啡肽存在；胃内β－内啡肽发育的高峰浓度在１５－２０周，小肠及胰腺峰浓度在２１－２５周，结肠的高峰浓度在２６－３０周；胃肠胰组织内甲硫脑啡肽及亮脑啡肽的发育高峰浓度均在２１－２５周；β－内啡肽、亮脑啡肽及甲硫脑啡肽在胎儿     

长春地区不同孕周胎儿5种脏器组织中甲基汞含量的研究

本文对长春地区３１例不同孕周胎儿５种脏器组织（肝、肾、脑、心、肺）样品采用巯基棉气相色谱法测定甲基汞含量。结果表明，胎儿脏器中均含有微量甲基汞。各组织中有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），以代谢功能为主的肝肾组织中甲基汞含量最高。各脏器组织中甲基汞含量与胎儿的性别及孕周无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

烧伤患者血浆胃动素动态观察及临床意义分析

胃动素(motilin)是一种胃肠道激素,由22个氨基酸组成的活性多肽,因其含量甚微,难以测定。所以胃动素放免测定法的建立,为临床研究创造了有利条件。已有些报道阐明胃动素与胃肠道的运动、生理功能有密切关系。同时胃肠道某些疾病以及与胃肠道有关的某些肿瘤,都会引起血浆胃动素含量的改变。但烧伤患者血浆胃动系的动态变化,胃动素含量与烧伤严重程度的关系及临床意义,尚未见报道。本文观察了烧伤后不同时间血浆胃动素的动态变化并探讨其临床意义。     

胃肠恶性肿瘤P53血清学及免疫组织化学联检的意义

Ｐ５３抑癌基因是至今发现的与人类肿瘤相关性最高的一个基因 ,此基因突变是人类肿瘤最常发生的基因改变 ,约有５０%的发生率［１］。我们通过对１９９９年１月～２０００年３月４７例接受手术治疗的胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者进行Ｐ５３蛋白的血清学和免疫组织化学的联合检测 ,以探讨其临床意义。现报告如下。资料和方法一、一般资料 :本组４７例患者 ,皆接受手术治疗 ,术前均未作化疗或放疗。其中胃癌患者２１例（男１０ ,女１１） ,年龄４２～８０岁 ,平均６４．１９±１０．３５岁。结直肠癌患者２６例（男９ ,女１７） ,年龄４０～８３岁 ,平…     

人胎儿垂体前叶中P物质免疫反应阳性神经纤维的形态及分布

应用免疫组织化学方法研究了２９例不同胎龄水囊引产胎儿和１例新生儿垂体前叶Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）免疫反应神经纤维的形态及分布。胎儿及新生儿垂体前叶中ＳＰ反应纤维粗细不等，有大小不一的膨体；部分纤维丝状曲屈盘绕分布，部分为稀疏的弥散走行。纤维主要位于前叶中央区及其与外侧区的交界部位，与血管及腺组织均有接触。在３～５月龄垂体前叶内ＳＰ纤维较少，纤维短而粗，膨体少且小，纤维丛较小和稀疏；６～１０月龄ＳＰ纤维增多、     

诊断性超声波子宫内照射对人早孕绒毛细胞DNA损伤的研究

随机选择年龄２０￣３０岁、孕６￣９周拟行人工流产的健康孕妇６０名，其中３０名以Ｂ型超声显像诊断仪经下腹部持续照射子宫内孕囊１０分钟，２４小时后与其他未经照射的３０名孕妇均行人工流产术。取绒毛组织，以＾３２Ｐ标记Ａｌｕ探针点杂交法检测绒毛细胞单、双链ＤＮＡ。结果表明：照射组与对照组比较，绒毛细胞单、双链ＤＮＡ量及含量均无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。说明本实验所用诊断超声强度和照射时间未引起绒毛细胞Ｄ     

人胚胎下丘脑—腺垂体系统P物质,生长抑素,亮啡肽和甲啡肽神经元的发…

用免疫组化方法观察了Ｐ物质（ＳＰ），生长抑素（ＳＲＩＦ），亮啡肽（Ｌ－ＥＮＫ），甲啡肽（Ｍ－ＥＮＫ）在１６－２４周胎儿下丘脑及腺垂体内的发育与分布。结果表明：在１６周胎儿下丘脑已出现ＳＰｅＳＲＩＦ－ＥＮＫ和Ｍ－ＥＮＫ阳性神经元，第三脑室室管膜上皮呈阳性染色。下天脑的变化以１６－２４周最为明显，，在１６周阳性细胞多为小神经元，分布疏散，２０－２４周阳性细胞为梭形和多极神经元，主要分布干室周核，室旁核     

人胚胎下丘脑与腺垂体SP、SRIF、L-ENK和M-ENK阳性细胞的发育与分布的研究

本文用免疫组化方法观察了P物质(SP)、生长抑素(SRIF)、亮啡肽(L—ENK)、甲啡肽(M—ENK)在16～40周胎儿下丘脑及腺垂体内的发育与分布。结果表明在16周胎儿下丘脑已出现SP、SRIF、L—ENK、M—ENK阳性神经元。第三脑室室管膜上皮亦呈阳性染色。下丘脑的变化以16～24周最为明显,阳性细胞主要分布于室周核、室旁核、视上核及腹内侧核。腺垂体在16周只有少量L—ENK和M—ENK阳性细胞,而SP与SRIF阳性细胞则在第17周出现,17～24周变化最为明显。本文对这几种神经肽在发育中的变化及功能进行了讨论。     

大鼠压力超负荷早期心肌收缩功能和环核苷酸的动态反应

目的：探讨大鼠压力超负荷后心肌力学及环核苷酸的变化规律。方法：颈总动脉插管法动态测定腹主动脉部分缩窄大鼠心肌力学及环核苷酸含量（放免法）的变化。结果：伴随动脉血压的升高,手术组大鼠心肌收缩功能于术后４ｈ暂时性增强（与对照组比较,Ｐ＜００１）,之后逐渐降低,术后第５ｄ降至最低,其后逐渐恢复正常。心肌ｃＡＭＰ含量于术后３０ｍｉｎ显著升高（Ｐ＜００５）,第５ｄ时达最高（Ｐ＜００１）,之后逐渐下降,第３０ｄ时恢复正常,而ｃＧＭＰ变化正相反。小剂量巯甲丙脯酸可减轻手术大鼠早期及此后的心肌收缩功能受抑,但对环核苷酸含量无显著影响。结论：大鼠压力超负荷早期心肌收缩功能受抑,心肌ｃＡＭＰ浓度呈急性代偿性升高后逐渐恢复正常,而ｃＧＭＰ变化相反。     

Endocrine cells in the intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa.

Sections of gastric mucosa removed during surgery for cancer or peptic ulcer and containing regions of intestinal metaplasia were studied by the immunofluorescence technique using several antiserums against intestinal hormones. Endocrine cells such as cells containing somatostatin, glicentin (gut GLI-I), motilin, and probably cholecystokinin were found within metaplastic intestinal epithelium while secretin and neurotensin, which are present in the normal intestinal mucosa, were not detected in metaplastic epithelium. The endocrine-cell population present in the intestinal metaplasia resembles that found in the cryptal region of the normal small intestine, a finding in accordance with the fact that intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa usually reproduces structural and histochemical characteristics of small intestinal crypts.     

人类血管内皮细胞一氧化氮合成酶基因启动子序列的功能分析

目的 血管内皮细胞一氧化氮合成酶（ｅｎｄｏｔｈｉｌｉａｌ ｎｉｔｒｉｃ ｏｘｉｄｅ ｓｙｎｔｈａｓｅ,ｅｃＮＯＳ）在体内催化一氧化氮合成。为研究一氧化氮合成酶基因转录的调控,对一氧化氮合成酶基因启动子序列进行功能分析。方法 以血管内皮细胞核提取物为材料,采用凝胶迁移实验和ＤＮａｓｅⅠ足迹法实验。结果 启动子序列有３个区域与蛋白／转录因子结合。其中（－１０６～－８８）ＧＣ含量丰富,为转录因子ＳＰ１所     

Motilin-immunoreactive cells in the duodenum, pyloric stomach and pancreas of caimans (Caiman latirostris and Caiman crocodilus, alligatorinae): a further comparison using region-specific motilin antisera

Motilin-immunoreactive cells in the duodenum, pyloric stomach and pancreas of Caiman latirostris and Caiman crocodilus were investigated using region specific antisera for porcine and canine motilin molecules. Motilin-immunoreactive cells were found in the duodenum, pyloric stomach and pancreas of both caiman species. These cells were primarily open-type endocrine ones in the epithelium of the duodenum and pyloric stomach. Motilin-immunoreactive cells were observed in both the exocrine and endocrine portions of the pancreas, and frequently exhibited one or more cytoplasmic processes of variable length. Since motilin-immunoreactive cells do not cross-react with serotonin or any of the other pancreatic and gut hormones, they are considered to be cell type independent from any of the other known pancreatic or gut endocrine cells. The molecular similarity between caiman motilin and porcine and canine motilins and the heterogeneity of the motilin molecule in the caiman digestive system is discussed.     

Intraduodenal neuropeptide levels,but not plasma levels,vary in a cyclic fashion with the migrating motor complex

The neurohormonal control of the migrating motor complex (MMC) is not fully understood. The hypothesis of the present study was that neuropeptide levels might vary with the different phases of the MMC and that a similar variation might be found in the secretions of the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, plasma and intraduodenal concentrations of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), somatostatin (SOM), substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) were determined by radioimmunoassay every 10 min during two complete MMC cycles in eight male subjects. For comparison, plasma motilin (MOT) concentrations were measured. Plasma concentrations of MOT (mean peak value ± SEM; 39 ± 6 pmol L^?1), but none of the neuropeptides studied, showed a cyclic variation in plasma with the different phases of the MMC. Peak intraduodenal concentrations of VIP (79 ± 23 pmol L^?1),?SOM (2437 ± 432 pmol L^?1) and SP (718 ± 326 pmol L^?1) occurred at or at the time point before the onset of phase III of the MMC. No such correlation was observed for NKA. These results demonstrate that intraduodenal but not plasma concentrations of the neuropeptides VIP, SOM and SP show an association with phase III of the MMC. The biological relevance of this finding is yet unclear, but the results raise the possibility that gut neuropeptides may regulate fasting motility through a luminal release.     

儿童支气管哮喘并发胃食管反流血浆MTL和血清GAS的变化及其临床意义

目的:探讨血浆胃动素(MTL)和血清胃泌素(GAS)在儿童支气管哮喘中的水平变化,以阐明胃肠激素与支气管哮喘患儿胃肠功能的关系.方法:应用放射免疫分析(RIA)检测98例哮喘患儿MTL和GAS的水平,其中76例患儿通过平卧或抬高床脚进行吞钡X线检查,并对喘息发作的次数、年龄、严重复发性哮喘,结合伴有反胃烧心等食管炎症状的患儿做好详细的统计学处理.结果:哮喘患儿无男女性别差异.哮喘有症状和钡餐阳性者与对照组比较P＜0.001,哮喘无症状组与对照组及哮喘有症状组与无症状组比较也有显著性差异.哮喘有症状组血浆MTL和血清GAS水平明显低于对照组和哮喘无症状组,组间比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.001).结论:经观察发现哮喘反复发作可引起血浆MTL和血清GAS水平的严重降低,支气管哮喘伴发胃食管反流(GER)与哮喘反复发作引起血MTL和GAS水平降低有密切的相关性,胃肠激素水平降低是哮喘引发GER的关键所在,而GER又可触发和加剧喘息的发作.     

Effect of motilin on the opossum upper gastrointestinal tract and sphincter of Oddi

We studied the effect of motilin on myoelectric activity of the sphincter of Oddi (SO) and upper gastrointestinal tract in conscious opposums. In 17 animals, bipolar electrodes were implanted on the gastric antrum, SO, duodenum, and jejunum. Subsequent 8-h recordings reconfirmed our previous findings that SO spike burst rate changed with interdigestive cycles of the gastrointestinal migrating myoelectric complex (MMC), becoming maximal during passage of phase III activity through the duodenum. In eight animals, peak motilin levels were shown to occur concurrently with maximal SO spike burst rate and MMC phase III activity in the duodenum. Motilin infusion (0.3 and 0.9 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1), given for 30-60 min starting 10 min after duodenal phase III, elicited premature MMC activity that originated in the stomach. Maximal SO activity occurred coincident with passage of premature phase III activity through the duodenum. Pulse intravenous doses of motilin (25-1,600 ng/kg) generally caused an immediate increase in spike burst activity in the gastric antrum, duodenum, and SO that lasted 3-5 min and was often followed by a premature MMC, usually starting in the antrum and progressing through the duodenum and jejunum. Increases in SO spike burst rate also occurred concurrent with motilin-induced, premature duodenal phase III. Motilin given at 5-60% of the duodenal MMC cycle length elicited premature MMCs at 10-60% of the cycle, but no premature MMCs were elicited by any of the motilin doses at the 5% intervals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

胃动素对大鼠海马神经元放电活动的作用机制

目的：研究胃动素对大鼠海马胃扩张神经元放电活动影响的机制。方法：采用微电极细胞外记录方法在体观察胃动素对胃扩张（GD）神经元放电活动作用的机制。结果：①海马CA1区内的39个胃扩张兴奋性（GD—E）神经元中有21个（54％）对胃动索呈现兴奋性效应;在16个胃扩张抑制性GD—I）神经元中有10个神经元（63％）表现为兴奋效应,4个神经元放电频率降低;②海马CA1区注射胃动素后,33个GD—E神经元中有22个（67％）表现为兴奋性效应。注射一氧化氮合酶（NOS）抑制剂左旋精氨酸甲酯（L-NAME）后再注射胃动素,神经元的放电频率由（3．98±0．54）Hz减小到（2．09士0．42）Hz（P〈0．05）,22个原对胃动素有反应的神经元减少到15个,对胃动素的兴奋性由67％下降到46％;同样,在GD-I神经元中,细胞放电频率由（2．57±0．48）Hz下降到（1．85±0．30）Hz（P〈O．05）。但NO前体左旋精氨酸（L-AA）可明显加强胃动素对海马神经元的放电活动,放电频率由3．25±0．49Hz增加到4．59±0．61Hz（P〈o．05）。胃动素兴奋性神经元也从26个（57％）增加到32个（70％）。同样,注射L-AA后胃动素使GD-I神经元放电频率由（3．51±0．41）Hz增加到（4．44±0．49）Hz（P〈0．05）;但L-AA的同分异构体6-右旋精氨酸（D—AA）对胃动素诱导海马神经元放电活动元改变（P〉0．05）。结论：L-AA可增强胃动素对海马胃扩张神经元的兴奋作用;而L—NAME减弱此作用。     

Granin proteins (chromogranin A and secretogranin II C23-3 and C26-3) in the intestine of reptiles

The occurrence, distribution and the possible cellular co-localizations of chromogranin A (CgA) and of two synthetic secretogranin II-peptides (SgIIC23-3 and SgIIC26-3) with several enteric neuropeptides and serotonin have been investigated immunohistochemically in turtles, lizards and snakes. The distribution of CgA-immunoreactivity was restricted only to the enteroendocrine cells in all the reptiles studied. SgII-immunoreactivity--absent in turtle--revealed nerve cells and fibers, besides enteroendocrine cells in lizard and snake guts. Moreover, the two antisera (C23-3 and C26-3) raised against the different regions of the SgII-molecule yielded distinct distribution patterns of immunoreactivity both in the lizard and snake organs. Small amounts of enteric serotonin cells co-stored CgA or SgIIC23-3 in lizards and snakes and only SgIIC26-3-peptide in snakes. CgA was found co-stored with somatostatin in a few enterocytes of the turtle duodenum. In the same gut segment of lizards and throughout the snake organ, neurotensin and the SgIIC23-3-peptide co-existed in a small number of endocrine cells. The pancreatic polypeptide-containing cells were devoid of immunoreactivity both for CgA and SgII. Bombesin immunopositive cells were absent throughout the intestines of the reptiles investigated. The above findings entirely support the heterogenous distribution of granins in neuroendocrine organs and tissues and also within the same neuroendocrine cell population. They further support the concept of a good conservation of granins during phylogeny.     

The silent period from soleus and gastrocnemius muscles in relation to conditions of standing

To clarify the relationship between postural instability and silent period (SP), we studied the variation of SP from soleus (SOL) and gastrocnemius (GAS) muscles on various standings. Subjects were eight healthy males, with a mean age of 23.5 +/- 2.2 (21-27) years. Standings in this study was regulated with ten kinds of situations provided by visual information, supporting or not by a finger and a width of base of support. SP evoked by single stimulation to tibial nerve at the popliteal fossa was recorded from SOL and GAS of dominant side during ten kinds of standings in random. The raw data were averaged 30 times. SP was calculated the duration from the artifact due to electrical stimulation to re-starting the electromyographical bursting of tonic muscle contraction under 100 or 200 microV|div on a screen. As a result of this study, there were not any statistical significant changes in SP from both SOL and GAS (one-way ANOVA: F = 1.797, F = 1.786) among ten kinds of standing. It is thought that a variation of SP may reflect the magnitude of facilitation or disinhibition of the central nervous system including spinal, brainstem or motor cortex. As the result of this study in healthy persons, it was suggested that the degree of facilitation or disinhibition of central nervous system related to SP from SOL and GAS was not different on ten kinds of standings regulated by visual information and a width of base of support.     

脑血管病患儿血浆胃动素水平的研究

目的 研究脑血管病患儿血浆胃动素水平.方法 选择在儿科住院的62例脑血管病（脑出血、脑梗塞、蛛网膜下腔出血）患儿为观察组,分别在病程的24h、7天、15天时检测胃动素水平,与59例正常健康对照组儿童进行比较.结果 脑血管病患儿血浆胃动素水平明显高于对照组（P＜0.01）,有消化道症状、血糖增高、昏迷、死亡的患儿胃动素水平分别高于无消化道症状、血糖正常、清醒及存活的患儿（P＜0.01）.结论 脑血管病患儿存在胃动素长时间增高,胃动素可以作为脑血管病患儿评价病情轻重的指标.