Protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 as a reliable marker in primitive neuroectodermal tumours—an immunohistochemical study of 21 childhood cases

A number of antibodies to neural proteins have been used to demonstrate neuronal differentiation in primitive neuroectodermal tumours. One of them is protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, a neuronal protein isolated from brain, whose function is unknown at present. We have studied differentiation in 21 cases of primitive neuroectodermal tumours of the CNS in children. Immunocytochemical staining was performed for such neuronal markers as: PGP 9.5, neuron specific enolase and synaptophysin, a glycosylated protein associated with synaptic vesicles. Positive staining for PGP 9.5 was present in 16 cases (strong staining in 12), for neuron-specific enolase in 16 cases (strong staining in 10) and for synaptophysin in 10 cases (strong staining in six). Both PGP 9.5 and synaptophysin showed a clear staining pattern with less non-specific background than with neuron-specific enolase. Our findings demonstrate the value of using more than one antibody marker in assessing neuronal differentiation in tumours. The high incidence of positive staining with antibody to PGP 9.5 suggests that this is an essential marker in the panel of antibodies used for the identification of primitive neuroectodermal tumours.     

Immunocytochemical expression of protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 in the cat bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine cells and nerves

Variously fixed, wax-embedded lung and gastrointestinal serial tissue sections from newborn to adult cats were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Grimelius' silver, and immunohistochemical techniques using antisera to protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, a neuron-specific protein under strong evolutionary constraints. PGP 9.5 is revealed as a pan-neuroendocrine marker useful for tracing the pulmonary diffuse neuroendocrine system (PDNES) and studying the relationships between neuronal and neuroendocrine elements at various stages of life. Its occurrence is also compared in the pulmonary and the gastrointestinal tract. In spite of a close resemblance to already described neuroepithelial bodies (NEB) of other mammals, cat NEB feature typical constitutional and distributional difference, illustrating interspecies differences. The number of PGP 9.5 immunopositive pulmonary neuroendocrine cells declines gradually after 3 weeks and throughout adult life. Immunoreactivity in neuronal elements is lost after 1 week of age. In gastrointestinal tissues, only neuronal lelements immunostain, suggesting functional variations or a separate embryological origin for enteroendocrine cells. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Immunohistochemical localisation of regulatory neuropeptides in human circumvallate papillae

The occurrence and distribution of neuropeptide-containing nerve fibres in the human circumvallate papillae were examined by the peroxidase–antiperoxidase immunolocalisation method using surgical specimens that had not been subjected to radiotherapy, and the abundance of neuropeptide-containing fibres was expressed as the percentage of total nerve fibres demonstrated by protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 immunoreactivity for a quantitative representation of these peptidergic fibres. Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibres were densely distributed in the connective tissue core of the circumvallate papillae, and some SP and CGRP-IR fibres were associated with the taste buds. A moderate number of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-IR fibres and a few galanin (GAL)-IR fibres were also seen in the connective tissue core and subepithelial layer. There were, however, no VIP-IR or GAL-IR fibres associated with the taste buds. Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-IR fibres were few and were associated with the blood vessels. Within the epithelium of the circumvallate papillae, no peptidergic fibres were found, although a number of PGP 9.5-IR fibres were detected. The abundance of SP, CGRP, VIP, and GAL-IR fibres expressed as the percentage of total PGP 9.5 IR fibres was 25.35±3.45%, 22.18±3.26%, 10.23±1.18%, and 4.12±1.05%, respectively. The percentage of NPY-IR fibres was below 3%. In a deeper layer of the papillae, a few VIP, GAL, and NPY-IR ganglion cells were found, and VIP immunoreactivity was detected in a few cells of the taste buds. There was no somatostatin, leucine enkephalin, or methionine enkephalin immunoreactivity in the circumvallate papillae. These results suggest that the dense SP and CGRP-IR fibres within the connective tissue core of the human circumvallate papillae may be involved in the deep sensation of the tongue.     

Endocrine differentiation of extra-pulmonary small cell carcinoma demonstrated by immunohistochemistry using antibodies to PGP 9.5, neuron-specific enolase and the C-flanking peptide of human pro-bombesin

Several recent studies have confirmed the endocrine nature of small cell carcinoma of the lung. In extra-pulmonary sites, small cell 'undifferentiated' carcinomas have classical morphological features similar to their pulmonary counterpart. We therefore investigated, using immunocytochemistry, the possibility that the non-pulmonary neoplasms may also be endocrine in nature. Sections of 29 small cell carcinomas from oesophagus, stomach, larynx, colon and urinary bladder were immunostained using antisera to protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin, leucocyte common antigen and peptides including bombesin, the C-flanking peptide of human probombesin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, neurotensin, calcitonin and pancreatic polypeptide. All the tumours showed immunoreactivity for at least one of the two general endocrine markers PGP 9.5 and NSE. Twenty-three of the 29 cases were immunoreactive for PGP 9.5, 27 for NSE. All were positive for cytokeratin and negative for leucocyte common antigen. Of the regulatory peptides, immunoreactivity was obtained with antisera to bombesin (one case), the C-flanking peptide of human pro-bombesin (14 cases), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (one case) and calcitonin (three cases). No PGP 9.5-, NSE- or peptide-like immunoreactivity was detected in 25 control tumours from similar sites, including lymphomas and poorly differentiated tumours. These results suggest that non-pulmonary small cell carcinoma has an endocrine character.     

Expression of irnmunoreactivities to 75 kDa nerve growth factor receptor, trk gene product and phosphotyrosine in granular cell tumors

Nineteen granular cell tumors (GCT) of adults, two congenital granular cell epulides and five epulides fibrosae were immunohistochmically examined to detect the expression of 75 kDs nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), frk gene product, phasphotyrosine (PT), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) and S-100 protein. The NGFR-immunoreactivity (IR) and trk gene product-IR were expressed on almost all granular cells of GCT. PT-IR was also demonstrated on granular calls of all GCT examined, although the frequency of positive cells was low. Congenital granular celi epulides and epulldes fibrosae were negative for NGFR-IR, trk gene product-IR and PT-IR. S-100 protein was localized in granular cells of adult GCT but not in the granular cells of congenital epulis. On the other hand, PGP9.5 was detected in granular cells of both conditions and in fibroblastic cells of epulis fibrosa. The present results further indicate that GCT is of peripheral nerve Schwann cell origin, while the congenital granular cell epulides are not of neural origin. NGFR and trk gene product expressed on GCT seems to be functional in terms of phosphorylation of the tyrosine residue in the receptor or downstream protein in signal transduction.     

Immunoreactivities to protein gene product 9.5, neurofilament protein and neuron specific enolase in the ovary of the sexually immature ostrich (Struthio camelus)

The innervation of the ovary has been studied in various species of birds and mammals. Despite the fact that the innervation of any organ is an essential factor in controlling its growth and function, no information is available on the distribution of nerve fibers in the ovary of the sexually immature ostrich. Thus, the present study was undertaken to investigate the distribution of nerve fibers in the ovary of the sexually immature ostrich, using antibodies against neurofilament protein type M of 160 kD (NP), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and neuron specific enolase (NSE). A total of 26 sexually immature female ostriches, aged between 12 and 14 months were used in the present study. Immunostaining was performed using a LSAB plus kit (Dakocytomation, Denmark). Antibodies against NP and PGP 9.5 were used at dilutions of 1:25 and 1:50, respectively. A ready-to-use solution containing antibodies against NSE was also used. Strong immunostaining for NP, PGP 9.5 and NSE was observed in nerve bundles, which coursed through the ovarian stalk and extended into the medulla and cortex. In addition, NSE immunoreactive nerve cell bodies were observed in the cortex and medulla. NP, PGP 9.5 and NSE immunoreactive nerve fibers were present in the thecal layer of the follicular wall. The current study has highlighted the distribution of NP, PGP 9.5 and NSE-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the ovary of the sexually immature ostrich. The findings of the present study suggest that the distribution of nerve fibers in the immature ostrich is similar to that of the domestic fowl.     

不同年龄牦牛睾丸蛋白基因产物9.5和神经肽Y的分布比较

目的 探讨蛋白基因产物9.5(PGP9.5)和神经肽Y(NP-Y)在不同年龄牦牛睾丸的分布特征。方法 采取睾丸摘除术收集3~4月龄睾丸9对,3、4岁牦牛睾丸10对,10~12岁牦牛睾丸7对,常规石蜡包埋、切片,免疫组织化学SP法观察PGP 9.5和NP-Y在不同年龄牦牛睾丸的分布特点。结果 PGP 9.5和NP-Y显著分布于幼龄及青年牦牛睾丸Leydig细胞及间质血管周围或血管壁内,两者在青年牦牛睾丸初级精母细胞为阴性,其余生精细胞为阳性;且阳性信号在睾丸体最强,其次为头部,尾部最弱;各年龄段Sertoli 细胞中NP-Y为阳性表达,PGP 9.5均为阴性;老龄牦牛睾丸血管PGP 9.5阳性信号明显,而NP-Y基本无表达。结论 青年牦牛睾丸组织PGP 9.5及NP-Y的显著分布对睾丸生殖功能调节发挥着重要的调控作用;提示NP-Y在老龄牦牛睾丸血管的分布显著降低。     

蛋白基因产物9.5与宫颈癌临床病理表现的关系及其作用机制的实验研究

目的:研究蛋白基因产物9.5(PGP9.5)在宫颈癌病理标本中的表达与宫颈癌临床病理特征及预后的关系,并初步探讨利用PGP9.5-siRNA靶向治疗宫颈癌的潜在价值。方法:回顾性分析2008年1月~2015年6月在天津市第五中心医院妇科及天津市中心妇产科医院接受手术治疗并经病理确诊的180例宫颈癌患者临床资料。所有患者宫颈癌病理标本制作病理切片并进行SP法免疫组化染色。以PGP9.5染色后评分为依据将患者分为PGP9.5高表达组和PGP9.5低表达组。观察2组患者年龄、HPV感染、病理分级、肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移、浸润深度、累及脉管和临床分期等临床病理学参数的关系。采用Kaplan-Meier法和log-rank检验进行生存分析。采用PGP9.5-siRNA、NC-siRNA、PGP9.5真核表达质粒和对照空质粒按照脂质体载体试剂说明书转染Si Ha细胞,设立si-PGP9.5组、NC组、PGP9.5组和vector组。同时设立Si Ha细胞空白对照(control)组。分别采用Western blot实验、平板克隆形成实验和Transwell实验分析5组细胞PGP9.5蛋白的表达水平、克隆形成能力和侵袭能力。结果:2组患者病理分级、肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移、浸润深度、累及脉管和临床分期等临床病理参数与PGP9.5表达水平有关。PGP9.5高表达组患者3、5年总体生存率明显低于PGP9.5低表达组患者。与control组相比,si-PGP9.5组SiHa细胞中PGP9.5蛋白的表达量明显降低,克隆形成数量明显减少,过膜细胞数量明显减少;PGP9.5组Si Ha细胞中PGP9.5蛋白的表达量明显升高,克隆形成数量明显增多,过膜细胞数量明显增加。结论:PGP9.5蛋白高表达预示宫颈癌患者预后不良,可能成为预测宫颈癌患者预后的良好指标,对其表达进行抑制可能实现对宫颈癌的有效基因治疗。     

The Gene 4 of Rice Yellow Stunt Rhabdovirus Encodes the Matrix Protein

The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene 4 of rice yellow stunt rhabdovirus (RYSV) was determined from cDNAs corresponding to the viral genomic RNA. Gene 4 is 913 nucleotides (nt) long, comprising a 17-nt untranslated 5′ region, a 786-nt open reading frame encoding a polypeptide with a molecular mass of 29,125 Da, and a 110-nt untranslated 3′ region. Western blot analysis of the RYSV proteins using the antiserum raised against the protein expressed from the cloned gene in Escherichia coli indicates that gene 4 encodes the M protein of RYSV. Comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequence of the M protein of RYSV with those of other rhabdoviruses revealed no significant homologies. However, it shared a similar basic property and a similar distribution of charges with the other rhabdovirus matrix proteins and showed a relatively closer relationship to the sonchus yellow net virus (SYNV) M1 protein. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The pattern of distribution of PGP 9.5 and TNF-alpha immunoreactive sensory nerve fibers in the labrum and synovium of the human hip joint

To date, there has been no report clarifying the existence of sensory nerve fibers as the origin of the hip joint pain of osteoarthritis. We examined the existence of sensory nerve fibers in osteoarthritis (OA), osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), and femoral neck fracture of the human hip joint. Ten labra of 10 human hip joints were harvested during a total hip arthroplasty. Each labrum was separated into 12 sections and we used three sections for analysis, which included 2 weight-bearing and 1 non-weight-bearing portion. Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) immunoreactive sensory nerve fibers were found in the labrum and synovium harvested from the weight-bearing portion in the OA group. Some of these sensory nerve fibers were also positive for tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF). The PGP 9.5 immunoreactive sensory nerve fibers existed in the labrum tissue and inflammatory TNF positive cells were observed in the hyperplastic synovium. On the other hand, we could not demonstrate PGP 9.5 or TNF immunoreactive sensory nerve fibers and cells in any of the ONFH group or the non-weight-bearing portion in the OA group. These data suggest that the pain of ONFH and OA of the hip joint have different pathogenetic mechanisms and that the invasion of sensory nerve fibers containing TNF may be involved in the pathogenesis of pain in the human hip joint affected by OA.     

军团菌MOMPS基因的克隆并在原核系统中表达

以军团菌DNA为模板，PCR扩增获得军团菌主要外膜蛋白基因（Major outer membrane protein gene，ompS），与原核表达质粒pUC18定向重组，构建重组质粒，转化大肠杆菌BL21，并用限制性酶酶切分析、聚合酶链式反应、核酸序列分析、十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、Western印迹进行鉴定。实验结果表明我们扩增出了军团菌914bp的ompS基因，成功构建了重组质粒pLPompS，并在原核系统中得到了表达。     

化学发光法测量人附睾蛋白4的不确定度的应用与分析

目的 探讨化学发光法测量人附睾蛋白4(HE4)不确定度的评定及不确定度在临床上的应用价值.方法 确定被测量物,分析不确定度来源,基于50.00、175.00 pmol/L两个室内质控水平合成、计算标准不确定度及扩展不确定度;基于以上两个水平的不确定度举例说明不确定度在临床上的应用.结果 不精密度、系统偏倚、校准物质不确定度为HE4测量不确定度的主要来源.50.00、175.00 pmol/L两个室内质控水平的标准不确定度分别为2.22,8.33,扩展不确定度分别为4.44,16.66;HE4不确定度可帮助临床医生判断同一患者前后两次测量结果差异是否具有显著性.结论 化学发光法测量HE4的不确定度主要来源为分析中的不精密度、系统偏倚及校准品的不确定度,分析前因素的不确定度评定较难,但可通过分析前质量控制加以控制,可不予考虑.不确定度的引入对临床医生诊断疾病、评估患者病情变化有重要意义.