绿茶（Green tea）

活性成分与药理作用绿茶的药用部位为叶芽、叶和茎。绿茶中所富集的没食子酸和儿茶素类等多酚类化合物具有很多有益的作用。绿茶还含2％～4％的咖啡因。泡过的绿茶通常每杯含10-80mg咖啡因。绿茶中的咖啡因对中枢神经系统具有兴奋作用，可升高血压，加快心率和增强心脏的收缩力，抑制血小板凝集，促进胃酸分泌，利尿，松弛脑外血管和支气管平滑肌，促进儿茶酚胺的释放，间接抑制组胺释放。绿茶中的咖啡因可用于改善认知功能，抗氧化剂儿茶素类对动脉粥样硬化和心脏病具有保护作用。初步研究显示绿茶中的黄酮类可降低脂蛋白的氧化，但对人的疗效尚未阐明。绿茶降低一些癌症的危险性尚不确定，但初步研究认为绿茶中的儿茶素类，特别是表桔儿茶素-3-桔酸酯（ECG）能预防肿瘤新的血管形成。     

黄芪（Astragalus）

又名 Beg kei, Bei Qi, Buck Qi, Huang Qi, Huang qi, Hwanggi, Membranous Milk Vetch, Milk Vetch, Mongolian Milk, Ogio 植物名Astragalus membranaceus ; A. mongholicus.活性成分与药理作用黄芪的药用部位是根，含有40种以上皂苷(如黄芪苷)，此外还有黄酮类、多糖类、微量矿物质、氨基酸和香豆素类。黄芪是一种抗氧剂，抑制自由基的产生，增加超氧化物歧化酶，减少脂质过氧化。黄芪具增强免疫系统、肝和心血管系统的作用，通过干扰素的增效作用改善免疫应答。     

胡卢巴（Fenugreek）

又名 Bird‘s Foot, Bockshornsame, Foenugraeci Semen, Foenugreek, Greek Hay, Greek Hay Seed,Hu Lu Ba, Methi, Trigonella o植物名Trigonella foenum-graecum。活性成分与药理作用胡卢巴的药用部位是种子。胡卢巴可影响胃肠传输功能，降低葡萄糖的吸收。其成分4-异亮氨酸直接刺激胰岛素。健康人摄入完整种子提取物、胶质分离物、提取过的种子、煮过的种子和其成分胡卢巴碱显示降血糖作用。非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者摄人胡卢巴种子提取物可改善血糖和胰岛素应答。     

Guarana (Paullinia cupana Mart.) offers protection against gastric lesions induced by ethanol and indomethacin in rats

The effects of guarana (Paullinia cupana) extract were analyzed in rats on acute gastric lesions induced by ethanol and indomethacin and were compared to those produced by caffeine, a methylxanthine. Guarana (50 and 100 mg/kg p.o.) pretreated animals showed a significant reduction in the severity of gastric lesions induced by absolute ethanol in a manner similar to caffeine (20 and 30 mg/kg p.o.). Against indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration, guarana at a higher dose offered significant protection but caffeine was ineffective at the doses tested. In 4 h pylorus-ligated rats, both guarana and caffeine caused significant diminution in the gastric secretory volume as well as the total acidity. Gastrointestinal transit in mice was not significantly affected by either of these agents. These findings indicate that guarana has a gastroprotective property that needs further elucidation as regards to its mechanism.     

AH–PLUS 糊剂联合牙胶尖一次性根管填充 在慢性牙髓炎患者中的应用效果

〔摘 要〕 目的：分析 AH–PLUS 糊剂联合牙胶尖一次性根管填充在慢性牙髓炎（CP）患者中的应用效果。方法： 选取泉州市泉港区医院 2021 年 1 月至 2021 年 12 月收治的 60 例 CP 患者,随机数字表法分为观察组、对照组,各 30 例。 两组患者均采用牙胶尖一次性根管治疗,观察组采用 AH–PLUS 糊剂,对照组采用氧化锌丁香油糊剂,比较两组患者 的填充优良率、复发情况、治疗前及治疗 7 d 后的视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分、牙周健康情况〔牙周袋深度（PD）、 菌斑指数（PLI）、牙龈指数（GI）、出血指数（BI）〕水平。结果：观察组患者的填充优良率为 93.33 %,高于 对照组的 70.00 %,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）;治疗 7 d 后,两组患者的患齿 VAS 评分较治疗前改善,且 观察组 VAS 评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）;治疗 7 d 后,两组患者 BI、GI、PLI、PD 较治疗前 降低,且观察组 BI、GI、PLI、PD 均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。结论：AH–PLUS 糊剂联合牙 胶尖一次性根管治疗能提高 CP 治疗填充优良率,缓解患者疼痛,促进牙周组织修复,且复发风险较低。     

Guarana (Paullinia cupana Mart.) Prevents β‐Amyloid Aggregation,Generation of Advanced Glycation‐end Products (AGEs), and Acrolein‐Induced Cytotoxicity on Human Neuronal‐Like Cells

Advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) are considered potent molecules capable of promoting neuronal cell death and participating in the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have shown that AGEs exacerbate β‐amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and AGE‐related cross‐links are also detected in senile plaques. Acrolein (ACR) is an α, β‐unsaturated aldehyde found in the environment and thermally processed foods, which can additionally be generated through endogenous metabolism. The role of ACR in AD is widely accepted in the literature. Guarana (Paullinia cupana Mart.) is popularly consumed by the population in Brazil, mainly for its stimulant activity. In the present study, we showed that guarana (10, 100, and 1000 µg/mL) is able to prevent protein glycation, β‐amyloid aggregation, in vitro methylglyoxal, glyoxal, and ACR (20 μM)‐induced toxicity on neuronal‐like cells (SH‐SY5Y). Since these are considered typical AD pathological hallmarks, we propose that guarana may deserve further research as a potential therapeutic agent in such a neurodegenerative disease. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

茶的渊源及其与咖啡可可的比较△

目的:比较三大饮料:茶、咖啡、可可的起源和其异同。方法:通过古籍记载和生物文化的推理,从茶、咖啡、可可对人体的作用和功能,再参照其发展历史阶段的政治、经济、文化背景做出综合性的比较。结果:三大饮料与其他咀嚼品一样经常咀嚼起到预防疾病和调节精志的作用。结论:三大饮料随着人类社会和生产力的发展,逐步开发推广成为饮料。这类物品不同于维持生计的食品和治疗疾病的物品,更多地起到预防疾病、维护健康的作用,我们建议称之谓"咀饮"。将其明确定位,有利于慢性疾患的预防与调整治疗。     

Clinical toxicology study of an herbal medicinal extract of Paullinia cupana, Trichilia catigua, Ptychopetalum olacoides and Zingiber officinale (Catuama) in healthy volunteers

In Brazil, a herbal medicinal extract named Catuama containing a mixture of Paullinia cupana (guarana; Sapindaceae), Trichilia catigua (catuaba; Meliaceae), Ptychopetalum olacoides (muirapuama; Olacaceae) and Zingiber officinale (ginger; Zingiberaceae) is used as a body stimulant, energetic, tonic and aphrodisiac. The present study investigated the chronic administration of 25 mL Catuama twice a day during 28 days for any toxic effect on healthy human volunteers of both sexes. No severe adverse reactions or haematological and biochemical changes were reported.     

龟鹿二仙胶处方变革、现代药理及临床研究进展

中医名方龟鹿二仙胶具有温肾益精、补气养血功效,主治久病肾虚、腰酸膝软、精血不足,遗精阳痿,在后世典籍收录中方药剂量、制法及功效等多有变革与拓展。药理研究表明,该方可健骨、抗肿瘤、减轻骨髓抑制、改善精子质量、缓解创伤后应激障碍等。该方现代临床应用范围得到拓展,可用于化疗后不良反应、肝硬化低蛋白血症、骨质疏松症、骨性关节炎...     

自制骨科药膏外敷合整复外固定治疗骨折的疗效观察

目的 :观察自制骨科药膏外敷合整复外固定治疗骨折的疗效。方法 :将 3 0 0例新鲜四肢骨折患者分为两组 ,治疗组 2 0 0例采用整复外固定加自制骨科药膏外敷治疗 ,对照组 1 0 0例用整复外固定治疗。结果 :治疗组骨折的临床愈合时间比对照组短 (P <0 0 1或P<0 0 5) ;治疗组桡骨远端骨折肿胀消失时间短于对照组 (P <0 0 1 )。结论 :自制骨科药膏外敷合整复外固定的治疗方法较之仅使用整复外固定之法在缩短骨折临床愈合时间及消肿方面疗效好。     

椒目的生药研究

对芸香科植物花椒Ｚａｎｔｈｏｘｙｌｕｍ ｂｕｎｇｅａｎｕｍ Ｍａｘｉｍ．和香椒子Ｚ．ｓｃｈｉｎｉｆｏｌｉｕｍ Ｓｉｅｂ．ｅｔ Ｚｕｃｃ．的种子进行了生药研究。结果表明二者在植物形态、性状、显微和理化特性方面有明显区别,为椒目药材合理应用提供鉴别依据。