黄豆苷元自微乳化半固体骨架胶囊的制备

目的：考察黄豆苷元自微乳化半固体骨架胶囊的处方。方法：通过溶解度实验、处方配伍实验和伪三相图的绘制,以自乳化时间和效果为指标,筛选油相、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、半固体载体的最佳搭配和处方配比,并制备黄豆苷元自微乳化半固体骨架胶囊。结果：黄豆苷元自微乳化半固体骨架胶囊处方中黄豆苷元（1.5%）,油相为M-812N(20%),表面活性剂为聚山梨酯80（Tween 80）+RH 40(1[DK]∶1,45%),助表面活性剂为Transcutol(20%),半固体载体为S-40(15%)。该处方所形成的微乳平均粒径为39.6nm。结论：可按照最佳处方组成制备黄豆苷元自微乳化半固体骨架释药系统。     

黄豆苷元液体硬胶囊的处方筛选及其 体外溶出度考察

摘要：目的 通过液体硬胶囊技术提高黄豆苷元的体外溶出度。 方法 设计了一系列处方测定黄豆苷元液体硬胶囊的平衡水量;采用紫外分光光度法测定黄豆苷元液体硬胶囊的体外溶出度，筛选出最适宜的PVP K30用量;采用HPLC法测定黄豆苷元液体硬胶囊的含量。 结果 最佳处方的平衡水量为8％，黄豆苷元与PVP K30的最优质量比为1:7 ;黄豆苷元液体硬胶囊的体外溶出度45 min可达到90％以上，含量质量分数为100.03%。结论 通过加入一定量的水使胶囊壳和内容物之间达到水分的平衡，解决了吸水性辅料和硬胶囊壳的相容性问题;制备的黄豆苷元液体硬胶囊有较高的体外溶出度。     

黄豆苷元胶囊处方工艺研究

用葡甲胺与黄豆苷元不同比例混合物和一定的辅料直接混合充填制成黄豆苷元胶囊,其溶出度随混合比例不同而不同,混合比例为1.5:1时,其溶出度高达80%以上,含量检查合格。并考察了其他处方工艺制备的胶囊,发现此处方工艺有明显的优越性。     

环孢菌素A自乳化半固体骨架胶囊的制备

目的考察环孢菌素A自乳化半固体骨架胶囊的处方。方法制备药物的饱和溶液用以测定药物在不同油相中的溶解度;采用伪三元相图法考察不同乳化剂形成微乳的能力和区域,绘制不同处方组成的相图;采用体外乳化实验筛选处方,并制备环孢菌素A自乳化半固体骨架胶囊。结果该胶囊中的乳化剂为Tween 80-聚氧乙烯(40)氢化蓖麻油(质量比为1∶1),助乳化剂为聚乙二醇-8-甘油辛酸/葵酸脂(labrasol),油相为辛酸/癸酸三甘油酯,半固体载体为泊洛沙姆188-硬脂酸聚烃氧(40)酯(质量比为1∶1)。该处方所形成的微乳平均粒径为40 nm。结论按优化处方制得的环孢菌素A自乳化半固体骨架胶囊能够提高环孢菌素A在水中的溶出度。     

盐酸氟西汀微球胶囊的制备

目的 制备盐酸氟西汀微球胶囊并考察其体外释药情况.方法 采用离子凝胶法以海藻酸钠为凝胶骨架载体制备盐酸氟西汀微球,根据载药量确定优选处方并制备盐酸氟西汀微球的胶囊制剂,考察盐酸氟西汀微球胶囊的体外溶出度.结果 优选处方为药物-载体配比1:1,固化液为加有吐温40(0.6％)的饱和氯化钙溶液,微球干燥时间90 min,凝...     

大豆苷元固体自乳化制剂的处方优化和制备

目的:优化大豆苷元固体自乳化制剂的处方。方法:通过处方配伍试验和伪三元相图的绘制,以乳化程度和乳化时间为指标,确定乳化剂、油相和助乳化剂种类;采用星点设计-效应面法,以平均粒径与Zeta电位为指标,优选最佳自乳化处方;以β-环糊精为吸附材料,制备大豆苷元固体自乳化制剂,并采用差示扫描量热(DSC)分析和X-射线衍射鉴别药物在载体中的存在状态。结果:优化后的处方为大豆苷元:吐温80:二乙二醇单乙基醚:油酸乙酯:β-环糊精=9.4:54.2:20.1:25.7:437.6。DSC和X-射线分析结果显示,药物在载体中以无定形或分子形式存在。大豆苷元固体自乳化制剂45min溶出度达85%以上。结论:固体自乳化释药系统能够提高大豆苷元的体外溶出度。     

复方自乳化半固体珍菊降压胶囊剂的制备及其性质考察

目的制备复方自乳化半固体珍菊降压胶囊剂,以期提高其主要成分(芦丁和氢氯噻嗪)溶出度及生物利用度。方法通过溶解度实验和绘制伪三元相图的方法进行自乳化处方的筛选,以载药量、载油量及粒径等为指标应用单纯形网格法优化处方;采用熔融法制备半固体胶囊并对该半固体胶囊进行稳定性影响因素考察及药物溶出度测定。结果复方自乳化半固体珍菊降压胶囊剂最优处方为泊洛沙姆188-油酸乙酯-聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚-聚乙二醇400(质量比28.6∶8.4∶44.1∶19.1),该制剂中主要成分芦丁和氢氯噻嗪载药量为128.8、57.7 mg.g-1;60℃、光照下含量明显下降;复方自乳化半固体胶囊剂和市售胶囊剂1 h药物溶出度分别为100%、48.1%。结论所制备的复方自乳化半固体胶囊剂具有载药量高、溶出度好的特点。     

复方水飞蓟素丹参素自乳化半固体胶囊的制备及性质考察

目的：制备复方水飞蓟素丹参素自乳化半固体胶囊剂,以期提高水飞蓟素和丹参素溶出度及生物利用度。方法：通过测定溶解度和绘制三元相图对自乳化处方进行筛选,应用单纯形网格法进行处方优化;采用熔融法制备半固体胶囊并对该半固体胶囊进行稳定性影响因素考察及药物溶出度测定。结果：制备了高载药量的水飞蓟素丹参素自乳化半固体胶囊剂,自制制剂中水飞蓟素和丹参素的溶出度超过80%,而市售参比制剂中水飞蓟素和丹参素的溶出度不超过50%。结论：复方水飞蓟素丹参素自乳化半固体胶囊剂能够显著提高水飞蓟素和丹参素的溶出度。     

布渣叶总黄酮固体分散体的制备及体外溶出度测定

目的:采用固体分散体技术考察不同载体材料对布渣叶总黄酮提取物溶出度的影响.方法:选择不同种类的聚乙二醇、泊洛沙姆、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为载体材料,与布渣叶总黄酮提取物按质量比1:4混合均匀,分别用熔融法和溶剂法制备固体分散体,以固体分散体中总黄酮、牡荆苷、异牡荆苷、水仙苷的90 min累积溶出度作为评价指标,比较不同载体制备的固体分散体的释药速率,并采用X射线衍射和红外光谱分析对其物相特征进行研究.结果:与布渣叶总黄酮提取物和物理混合物相比,以PEG和泊洛沙姆所制备的布渣叶提取物固体分散体中总黄酮、牡荆苷、异牡荆苷和水仙苷的体外溶出度与溶出速率均明显增加.其中以泊洛沙姆407为载体材料所制备的固体分散体中总黄酮体外溶出度最佳,90 min累积溶出度达到84%;以PEG 6000为载体材料所制备的固体分散体中牡荆苷、异牡荆苷、水仙苷体外溶出度最佳,90 min累积溶出度均达96%以上.结论:采用固体分散体技术,选择PEG 6000或泊洛沙姆407为载体制备布渣叶总黄酮提取物固体分散体,对提取物中脂溶性成分的溶出有明显改善作用.     

吐温-80不同浓度对依普黄酮胶囊溶出度的影响

目的考察吐温-80不同浓度对依普黄酮胶囊溶出度的影响。方法分别配制含不同浓度吐温-80的依普黄酮胶囊,采用紫外分光光度法等测定依普黄酮的含量及溶出度,计算参数Td、T50、m,并对T50、Td值进行两两比较。结果吐温-80浓度在1%~3%范围内,随其浓度增加,T50、Td值均减小,其最佳浓度为2.5%。结论制剂时适量加入吐温-80可明显增加依普黄酮的溶出度(P<0.01)。     

穿心莲内酯自乳化软胶囊的制备和溶出度评价

目的研制穿心莲内酯自乳化软胶囊,并对其溶出度进行评价。方法制备穿心莲内酯自乳化软胶囊,通过穿心莲内酯溶出条件的筛选,考察自乳化软胶囊与市售片剂的溶出曲线。结果穿心莲内酯自乳化释药系统处方为油酸乙酯（10%）、吐温80（54%）、正丁醇（36%）。采用药典2005年版二部溶出度测定第一法,以0.2%SDS为溶出介质,穿心莲内酯自乳化软胶囊与穿心莲内酯片溶出度有显著性差异。结论自乳化软胶囊能显著提高穿心莲内酯的体外溶出度。     

坎地沙坦酯自微乳软胶囊的制备和溶出度评价

目的研制坎地沙坦酯自微乳软胶囊,并对其溶出度进行评价。方法制备坎地沙坦酯自微乳软胶囊,并按药典方法考察自微乳软胶囊与普通胶囊在三种不同溶出介质（水、0.1mol/L盐酸和pH6.8的缓冲溶液）中的溶出度。结果坎地沙坦酯自微乳释药系统处方为乙酸乙酯：聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油RH40：聚乙二醇400为9∶14∶7。坎地沙坦酯自微乳受溶出介质的影响小,且溶出速率高于普通胶囊。结论自微乳软胶囊能显著提高坎地沙坦酯的体外溶出。     

Effects of various formulation factors on dissolution stability of aztreonam, hydrochlorothiazide, and sorivudine capsules

A split-split-plot 3² × 2² factorial design was used to study the effects of capsule filling machine and formulation factors such as lactose type, lubricant concentration, and capsule shell size on the dissolution stability of 50 mg potency hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), sorivudine (BV-araU), and aztreonam capsules packaged in HDPE bottles and stored under different conditions. It was observed that neither magnesium stearate concentration nor the type of capsule machine used to fill the capsule shells had any effect on dissolution stability of capsules of all three drugs for up to 6 months of storage at 50°C. For aztreonam, neither capsule shell size nor the type of lactose had any effect on dissolution stability. On the other hand, HCTZ size no. 1 capsules demonstrated better dissolution stability than size no. 2 capsules. Moreover, dissolution stability of capsules of sorivudine and HCTZ on storage at 50°C, 40°C/75% RH, and 40°C was dependent on the type of lactose used. HCTZ capsules containing Fast-Flo^® lactose, hydrous lactose, or anhydrous lactose showed up to 45, 25, and 10% decrease in dissolution, respectively, compared to initial values, at the 20 min dissolution time point after 6 months storage at 50°C. The extent of decrease in the dissolution rate was less under the conditions of storage at 40°C/75% RH and 40°C. Similar effects of decrease in the dissolution rate with the different types of lactose were observed with sorivudine, although to a much lesser degree compared to HCTZ capsules. No decrease in dissolution rate was observed for any drug after 20 months storage at 30°C. It was hypothesized that the slight decrease in dissolution rate of sorivudine capsules was due to significant caking of the capsule contents in the presence of the moisture liberated from the excipients and the capsule shells. For aztreonam capsules, the caking of their contents was without any discernable effect on dissolution because of the high aqueous solubility. In contrast, for HCTZ capsules, changes in dissolution rate were far too pronounced to be attributed to caking only.     

甲基莲心碱栓剂处方及工艺优选

目的：优选制备甲基莲心碱栓剂的处方工艺。方法：以栓剂外观及累积释药百分率为考察指标,采用正交试验法筛选以硬脂酸聚烃氧（40）酯为主体的水溶性栓剂最佳处方。考察成型温度及吐温-80含量对栓剂质量的影响。结果：优选出的最佳处方组成为硬脂酸聚烃氧（40）酯∶聚乙二醇2000∶甘油（7∶3∶1）。最佳成型温度为65℃,吐温-80最适宜的含量为1.5%。结论：该栓剂外观完整光滑,溶出率高,处方设计合理,制备工艺可行。     

流化制粒法制备速释硝苯地平胶囊

目的研究速释硝苯地平胶囊的处方工艺,并考察其体外溶出度。方法采用高速剪切搅拌将硝苯地平制成混悬液,用流化制粒法将水性药液喷于辅料而制成颗粒,装入胶囊,并对工艺进行验证。结果10min时溶出约90％,比市售普通片剂高约23％。结论此工艺可行,方法简单,可用于大生产。     

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of guar gum-based matrix tablets of rofecoxib for colonic drug delivery

The present study was carried out to develop and evaluate guar gum-based matrix tablets of rofecoxib for their intended use in the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer. Matrix tablets containing 40% (RXL-40), 50% (RXL-50), 60% (RXL-60) or 70% (RXL-70) of guar gum were prepared by wet granulation technique, and were subjected to in vitro drug release studies. Guar gum matrix tablets released only 5 to 12% of rofecoxib in the physiological environment of stomach and small intestine. The matrix tablets RXL-40 disintegrated completely within 10 h in a dissolution medium without rat caecal contents (control study), and hence not studied further. When the dissolution study was continued in simulated colonic fluids (rat caecal content medium), the matrix tablets RXL-50 were acted upon by colonic bacterial enzymes releasing the entire quantity of drug wherein there was no appreciable difference when compared to that released in control study. The matrix tablets RXL-60 released another 88% of rofecoxib whereas matrix tablets RXL-70 released only 57% of rofecoxib in simulated colonic fluids indicating the susceptibility of the guar gum formulations to the rat caecal contents. The guar gum matrix tablets RXL-70 were subjected to in vivo evaluation in human volunteers to find their ability of targeting rofecoxib to colon. The delayed Tmax, prolonged absorption time (ta), decreased Cmax and decreased ka indicated that rofecoxib was not released significantly in stomach and small intestine, but was delivered to colon resulting in a slow absorption of the drug and making it available for local action in human colon.     

Correlation between dissolution rate and bioavailability of different commercial mefenamic acid capsules

A dissolution test was performed with five brands of 250 mg mefenamic acid capsule products available on the market. Three of them, the fast dissolving A and the slow dissolving D and E were subjected to a bioavailability study using a commercially available suspension as the reference. The products were administered orally in a cross-over design to 6 healthy men, and then parameters for the bioavailability were calculated from the plasma concentration-time curve. Analysis of variance indicated several significant differences among the products with respect to C_max, T_max and AUC. The relative availabilities of A, D and E were 86, 81 and 28%, respectively, with the AUC value (0-7 h) for the suspension as 100%.No correlation was observed between the in vitro dissolution rate of the drug from the capsules and the in vivo data, because the dispersing behavior of the capsule exerted a marked influence on its in vitro dissolution rate. To eliminate the influence of the capsule disintegrating process, a dissolution test was done on the contents of the capsules. A good correlation was found between the bioavailability and the dissolution rate of the drug from the capsule contents.Product E with the lowest bioavailability was passed through a 200-mesh sieve, placed in a new capsule, and tested for its bioavailabilky in humans. The AUC value was greater than that of the original product and the bioavailability was about equal to that of the suspension. The in vitro dissolution rate of the drug from the pulverized product E was also markedly increased.