主动脉窦瘤破裂形成室间隔夹层动脉瘤1例

主动脉窦瘤破裂形成室间隔夹层动脉瘤１例郅兴义，赵松，张明堪，马云阁病人男，１７岁。心慌、憋气进行性加重２个月。查体：半卧位。呼吸３０次／ｍｉｎ，心率１３６次／ｍｉｎ，血压１４．６／９．３ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）。心界向两侧扩大，二尖瓣区可闻...     

超声心动图介入心包置管在延迟性心脏压迫中的应用(附64例报告)

目的探讨超声心动图介入心包腔直接置管引流对延迟性心脏压迫（late cardiac tamponade，LCT）患者的治疗效果。方法LCT患者64例，行二维超声引导下心包腔直接置管引流。结果穿刺成功率为100％，心包内置管引流15h～4个月，治疗效果满意。结论二维超声引导下施行心包穿刺置管引流能有效缓解症状，成功率高，可替代传统穿刺方法。     

超声诊断主动脉左冠状窦瘤破裂2例

正病例1,患者女,53岁,因"突发胸闷、心悸1周"入院。有反复口腔、外阴溃疡病史。查体:叩诊心界向左侧扩大。心尖部可闻及2/6级收缩期吹风样杂音,向左腋下传导。超声心动图:主动脉近端见一膜状结构,随心动周期呈连枷样运动,并于膜状结构上见一宽约7mm的中断口,探及舒张期血流频谱,血流速度约411cm/s(图1)。诊断:主动脉左冠状窦瘤破裂入左     

室间隔夹层瘤的手术治疗

目的 介绍室间陕夹层瘤这种临床罕见的心脏病及其治疗经验。方法 １９９２－１９９８年,收治不同原因的室间隔夹层瘤４例,其中２例与佛氏窦瘤有关,１例可能为外伤所臻,另１例为主动脉右窦底部穿孔约２ｃｍ大小,形成室间隔夹层瘤。均进行室间隔夹层瘤的处理,同时行主动脉替换术３例,右窦穿孔修补１例。结果 ２例一次手术成功,另２例为再手术,疗效满意。     

夹层主动脉瘤合并急性下肢缺血的诊治(附2例报告)

我院自１９９８年～１９９９年共收治夹层主动脉瘤２０例,其中合并急性下肢缺血２例（１０％）,现报告如下。 临床资料 例１,男,４４岁,高血压病史１０年,因突发腰背部疼痛伴双下肢麻木一天、双下肢疼痛、活动障碍半天至我院急诊,查ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ示腰１－３椎间盘膨出,无椎管内肿瘤或出血。查体：双上肢血压 ２００／１００ｍｍＨｇ（２６７／１３．３ｋＰａ）,双下肢皮温低,股动脉、足背动脉搏动未触及。急诊ＤＳＡ示,腹主动脉狭窄伴血栓形成,左骼动脉血栓,左肾未显影。住院行溶栓、抗凝、降血压治疗一周,症状无明显改善,且…     

三维经胸超声心动图定位诊断二尖瓣脱垂的评价

目的 评价三维经胸超声心动图(3DTTE)定位诊断二尖瓣脱垂的可靠性.方法 接受二尖瓣修补成形术的二尖瓣脱垂患者30例,性别不限,年龄15～64岁,体重43～118 kg,ASA Ⅱ～Ⅳ级.患者术前进行3DITE检查,术中行多平面二维经食管超声心动图(2DTEE)检查,以术中探查为标准计算3DTYE定位诊断二尖瓣脱垂的敏感度、特异度、准确度,3DTTE与2DTEE的定位诊断结果 进行Kappa一致性检验.结果 3DTTE图像满意率为93%,2DTEE图像满意率为100%;3DTTE定位诊断二尖瓣脱垂的敏感度88%、特异度95%、准确度93%;3DTTE与2DTEE定位诊断二尖瓣脱垂的结果 一致性满意(K=0.88,P<0.01).结论 3DTTE定位诊断二尖瓣脱垂的敏感度、特异度和准确度较高,临床上可考虑作为2DTEE的替代方法 .     

二维超声心动图检测非ST段抬高型心肌梗死节段室壁运动异常的价值

目的与冠状动脉造影(CAG)对照,探讨二维超声心动图(2DE)检测非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)的左心室节段室壁运动异常(RWMA)的价值。方法收集经临床和CAG确诊的68例NSTEMI患者(NSTEMI组)和50名正常人(正常对照组),分析2DE动态图像和CAG结果。所有受检者均通过多切面动态采集,由2名有经验的超声心动图医师根据美国超声心动图协会(ASE)的16节段法对左心室壁运动异常情况进行判断,出现1个或以上节段运动异常者为2DE-RWMA阳性;所有患者均在2DE检查后2天内行CAG检查,以冠脉动脉狭窄≥50%为CAG阳性。结果68例NSTEMI患者中,CAG阳性者66例,阴性者2例,2DE-RWMA阳性者35例,阴性者33例,以CAG为金标准,2DERWMA诊断NSTEMI的敏感度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为51.52%(34/66)、50.00%(1/2)、51.47%(35/68)、97.14%(34/35)和3.03%(1/33);与2DE-RWMA阴性者相比,2DE-RWMA阳性者发生三支病变率更高(62.85%vs 39.39%,P0.05),冠状动脉狭窄90%~99%的发生率更高(68.57%vs 48.48%,P0.05)。结论2DE检测NSTEMI的左心室RWMA的敏感度不高;2DE-RWMA阳性可推测冠状动脉狭窄程度较严重,为临床初步判断提供帮助。     

主动脉夹层动脉瘤合并腹主动脉瘤的一期腔内治疗(附1例报告)

目的 :探讨胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤合并腹主动脉瘤病人作一期腔内隔绝术治疗的可行性、手术操作技巧及并发症防治原则。临床资料 :1例StanfordB型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤合并腹主动脉及双侧髂动脉瘤的病人于 2 0 0 1年 2月在本中心接受了腔内隔绝术。术前CTA显示 :主动脉自弓降部开始出现夹层 ,一直延伸到腹主动脉分叉上6cm ,假腔的最大直径达 6 .6cm ;肾下腹主动脉瘤的最大直径为 4 .5cm ,瘤颈受夹层累及 ;双侧髂总动脉各有一直径 2 .5cm的真性动脉瘤。手术在全麻下进行 ,降主动脉植入规格为 34mm× 34mm× 1 30mm的直管型Talent移植物封闭夹层裂口 ;腹主动脉植入规格为 2 6mm× 1 4mm× 1 4 5mm的分叉型Talent移植物。将腹主动脉瘤和双侧髂动脉瘤隔绝 ,手术耗时 30 0min ,失血 30 0ml,透视 62min ,造影 5次 ,使用造影剂 2 0 0ml。术后病人恢复顺利 ,术后第 2天出ICU ,术后 30d出院。随访 1年 ,病人生活质量良好 ,复查CT示胸主动脉、腹主动脉瘤及髂动脉瘤完全封闭。结论 :腔内隔绝术的微创特点使一期治疗StandordB型主动脉夹层动脉瘤合并腹主动脉瘤成为一种比较安全的手术。术后应先处理胸主夹层处理腹主动脉瘤 ,以减少后半程手术对先前植入物的影响     

主动脉窦瘤破裂的诊断与治疗

目的:探讨主动脉窦瘤破裂的诊断和手术治疗的临床经验。方法:回顾性分析总结收治的12例主动脉窦瘤破裂的临床经验,其中合并室间隔缺损2例,主动脉瓣关闭不全5例。手术时窦瘤直接缝合4例,补片修补8例,其中同一补片修补主动脉窦瘤破口和室间隔缺损2例,同期行主动脉瓣悬吊成形术2例。结果:全组无死亡,随访1～5年,恢复良好。结论:主动脉窦瘤破裂一旦确诊,应尽早手术治疗。     

经皮心肌内室间隔射频消融治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病进展

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病（HOCM）以左心室流出道动态性梗阻为特征,可引起心源性猝死;早期干预对于改善预后至关重要。经皮心肌内室间隔射频消融（PIMSRA）为室间隔减容治疗HOCM提供了新的选择。本文围绕PIMSRA治疗HOCM进行综述。     

应用象鼻技术治疗主动脉夹层与主动脉瘤

目的 评价应用象鼻技术治疗病变范围广泛的主动脉夹层及主动脉瘤的临床效果与安全性。方法 自1997年12月至2006年6月，应用象鼻技术治疗主动脉夹层及主动脉瘤199例，男169例，女30例。平均年龄（45．67±10．73）岁。象鼻技术32例，支撑型象鼻技术167例；其中应用于胸降主动脉141例，升主动脉15例，腹主动脉11例。急诊手术38例。结果 全组平均体外循环（171．68±51．64）min。住院死亡6例，住院病死率3．02％。并发脊髓损伤6例，脑卒中3例，肾功能衰竭4例。结论 应用象鼻技术及支撑型象鼻技术治疗病变范围广泛的主动脉夹层及主动脉瘤有良好的临床效果。     

腔内隔绝治疗特殊类型主动脉夹层动脉瘤和复杂型腹主动脉瘤

目的探讨基底节区脑出血合并StanfordB型主动脉夹层动脉瘤、肾移植术后患者合并StanfordB型主动脉夹层动脉瘤以及复杂型腹主动脉瘤进行腔内隔绝术的可行性。方法对4例特殊类型的动脉瘤行腔内隔绝治疗,1例为基底节区脑出血合并StanfordB型主动脉夹层动脉瘤,1例为肾移植术后合并StanfordB型主动脉夹层动脉瘤,2例为瘤颈成角大于70°,瘤颈长1.6cm,髂动脉严重扭曲。结果 2例主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者术后未发生内漏,术中应用小剂量肝素,减少造影剂,建立稳定的低血压,有效地保证了脑和移植肾血流灌注,防止了脑部再出血和移植肾的功能损害;2例腹主动脉瘤患者,通过拉紧两端导丝克服血管扭曲的方法使带膜支架顺利释放,带膜支架成角严重时在成角处加放裸支架。其中1例瘤颈发生内漏,支架0.4cm移位,降压治疗1周后复查螺旋CT血管成像(CTA)内漏基本消失,1例髂外动脉带膜支架成角未及时加放裸支架,术后因成角处血流缓慢出现血栓形成,急诊行股—股搭桥。4例患者均痊愈出院。结论应用腔内隔绝治疗脑出血和肾移植后合并主动脉夹层动脉瘤、复杂型腹主动脉瘤是可行的。     

Relationship between interventricular septum thickness and renal prognosis in IgA nephropathy patients

Objective To investigate the relationship between interventricular septum thickness (IVST) and renal prognosis in IgA nephropathy patients. Methods A total of 213 patients with IgA nephropathy proven by biopsy from Department of Nephrology of Shenzhen Second People's Hospital were enrolled in this study, and these participants were divided into normal IVST group (＜11 mm) and higher IVST (≥11 mm) group according to IVST. The demographic characteristics, clinical biochemical indexs, CKD stage and pathologic characteristics in these two groups were compared. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of eGFR＜60 ml?min-1?(1.73 m2)-1, and Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the effect of IVST on renal prognosis. Results Compared with IVST normal group, the patients in IVST higher group were more male sex, older, and had higher level of systolic pressure, Hb, Scr, BUN, UA, 24 h urine protein excretion, urinary protein creatinine ratio, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, LDL, Serum C3, C4, and had more serious mesangial proliferation, tubular atrophy (all P＜0.05). However, the levels of eGFR and HDL were decreased in IVST higher group (both P＜0.05). There were a significant difference in CKD staging distributions and IgA Lee grade between two groups (both P＜0.01). Spearman and Pearson correlation analysis indicated that IVST was negatively correlated with eGFR and positively correlated with proteinuria level in IgA nephropathy patients. Baseline IVST was an independent risk factor of eGFR＜60 ml?min-1?(1.73 m2)-1 in IgA nephropathy patients. Serum C3, UA and hemoglobin were independent influential factors of eGFR decline (all P＜0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curve indicated that the renal function was worse in patients with thickened interventricular septum. Conclusion The IgA nephropathy patients with thicker interventricular septum has a poor renal prognosis.     

Analysis of 3-dimensional interventricular septum and abnormal muscle bundles models for septal myectomy

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESWe compared the effectiveness of virtual 3-dimensional (3D) models with 2-dimensional (2D) transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for evaluating the anatomy of the interventricular septum (IVS) and abnormal muscle bundles (AMBs) in planning septal myectomy (SM).METHODSBetween January 2017 and July 2020, 103 consecutive symptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy underwent 2D TTE and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in 49 (47.6%) or computed tomography angiography in 54 (52.4%) patients with 3D IVS modelling for SM planning. We evaluated maximal IVS thickness and location, length and thickness of AMBs.RESULTSThe mean maximal IVS thickness by 2D TTE was 7.3 [standard deviation (SD) 4.8] mm less than that based on the 3D model analysis: 21.4 (SD 3.7) vs 28.6 (SD 5.5) mm, respectively (P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval 6.4–8.2). The planned volume of ideal SM was larger than that of performed SM: 26.2 (18.4–39.4) vs 10.3 (7.4–12.8) cm³, respectively (P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of 2D TTE in diagnosing AMBs were 36.9% and 95%, and those of cardiovascular magnetic resonance and computed tomography angiography with 3D modelling were 97.1% and 100% for cardiovascular magnetic resonance and 98% and 100% for computed tomography angiography, respectively. AMBs occurred in 84 (81.6%) patients. No patient required mitral valve replacement. The 30-day mortality was 1 patient. There were 4 late non-cardiac deaths (3.9%) within 18.1 (standard error 1.32) months.CONCLUSIONSAnatomical analysis of the IVS and AMBs based on their virtual 3D models is highly effective for SM planning.     

Relationship between interventricular septum thickness and renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective To investigate the relationship between interventricular septum thickness(IVS) and renal function in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods Two hundred and sixty-five patients of type 2 diabetes without dialysis were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. According to their IVS, the patients were divided into normal group (IVS≤11 mm) and higher IVS group (IVS＞11 mm). All patients according to evaluated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) level were divided into eGFR≥60 ml?min-1?(1.73 m2)-1 group and eGFR＜60 ml?min-1?(1.73 m2)-1 group. The demographic characteristic, biochemical examination, eGFR, and proteinuria of different groups were compared. Pearson or spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between eGFR, IVS and other parameters. eGFR＜60 ml?min-1?(1.73 m2)-1 and IVS thickening were analyzed by binary logistic regression. Risk factors affect the prognosis of renal function in patients with diabetes mellitus were analyzed by Cox regression analysis. Results Compared with normal group, patients in the higher IVS group had higher systolic pressure (P=0.002), their level of Scr, BUN, 24 h urinary protein were increased (all P＜0.05), while the level of eGFR, albumin (ALB), hemoglobin (Hb) and fasting blood glucose were decreased (all P＜0.05). The prevalence of hypertension was increased (81.16% vs 58.67%, χ2=11.273, P=0.001), and there was also a difference in the proportion of patients in each stage of CKD (χ2=34.593, P＜0.001). Correlation analysis showed that IVS was positively correlated with BMI, systolic BP, Scr, BUN, 24 h urinary albumin, 24 h urinary protein (all P＜0.05), while negative correlation was observed between the thickened degree of IVS and Hb, albumin, eGFR and total calcium (all P＜0.05). It's worth noting that IVS also correlated with history of hypertension and degree of renal injury (all P＜0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that longer duration of diabetes, higher systolic pressure and BUN were independent risk factors for eGFR＜60 ml?min-1?(1.73 m2)-1 (all P＜0.05), while higher Hb and Alb were independent protective factors for eGFR＜60 ml?min-1?(1.73 m2)-1 (all P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis also showed that the baseline increased Scr was independent risk factor for interventricular thickening (P＜0.05), while the increase of fasting blood-glucose was independent protective factor for interventricular thickening (P＜0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that interventricular thickening was an independent risk factor in predicting the progression of type 2 diabetes (HR=1.396, 95%CI=1.098-1.774, P=0.006). Conclusion Interventricular septum thickness is closely related to the state of renal function, as well as is an independent risk factor to predict kidney function decline in patients with type 2 diabetes.     

Endovascular repair of a ruptured thoracic aortic dissection with a right sided aortic arch: A case report

BackgroundEmergency treatment of complex aortic pathology is challenging in the setting of a right-sided aortic arch. We report the successful treatment of a ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) in the setting of a Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD) and right-sided aortic arch.Presentation of caseThe patient is a 66-year-old male with chronic kidney disease (CKD) admitted with right sided chest pain and hypotension. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed a 5 cm ruptured TAA in the setting of a TBAD and right-sided aortic arch. The TBAD began just distal to the right common carotid artery and involved the origin of the left subclavian artery (SCA). Using a totally percutaneous approach, a conformable Gore^® TAG^® thoracic endoprosthesis was placed in proximal descending thoracic aorta covering the left SCA. Aside from progression of his pre-existing CKD, the patient had an uneventful recovery. CTA one-month post-procedure revealed a type IB endoleak with degeneration of the distal descending thoracic aorta. To exclude the endoleak, the repair was extended distally using a Medtronic Valiant^® thoracic stent graft. The left subclavian artery was subsequently coil embolized to treat an additional retrograde endoleak. The patient has done well with no further evidence of endoleak or aneurysm expansion.ConclusionRight-sided aortic arch presents challenges in the emergency setting. CTA and post-processing reconstructions are very helpful. While the endoleaks prompted additional interventions, the end result was excellent. This case displays the importance of careful attention to detail and follow-up in these complicated patients.     

无症状主动脉夹层的诊治

目的探讨无症状主动脉夹层的诊治方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析2002年1月至2006年6月我院收治的10例无症状主动脉夹层患者的病例资料,并随访观察其疗效。结果2例行开放手术治疗的A型夹层及6例接受覆膜支架腔内隔绝术的B型夹层效果良好,住院期间无严重并发症发生,随访至今生存良好。2例接受保守治疗的B型夹层患者1例尚健在,1例随访期间发生猝死,考虑死于主动脉破裂。结论无症状主动脉夹层发病隐匿,极易发生漏诊及误诊,临床上应保持高度警惕。无症状主动脉夹层同样易发生再夹层及瘤样扩张,同样有破裂危险,应积极采用手术治疗或介入治疗。覆膜支架腔内修补是治疗B型无症状主动脉夹层的有效方法。     

胸主动脉瘤及主动脉夹层外科治疗进展

胸主动脉瘤及主动脉夹层病情凶险，死亡率和病残率均很高。近几年在保留和不保留主动脉瓣的主动脉根重建术治疗升主动脉瘤，弓部主动脉瘤切除与脑保护，胸主动脉瘤或胸腹主动脉瘤切除与脊髓保护，以及主动脉腔内支架移植术等方面取得了较大的进展。手术死亡率已从31．4％下降至3．3％－4．8％。胸主动脉瘤，特别是主动脉夹层系一全身性主动脉病变，近年来手术疗效有所改善，但远期复发率和再手术率仍较高。主动脉内支架移植与外科手术结合应用，对复杂的伴有降主动脉病变的A型主动脉夹层治疗，可能是一种安全而有效的方法。     

Extended total arch replacement for type B aortic dissection with ascending aneurysm following healed aortic dissection

We describe a case of type B aortic dissection with large ascending aortic aneurysm occurring 12.8 years after aortic root replacement (Cabrol procedure) in a non-Marfan patient with cystic medial necrosis of the aorta. We have successfully performed an extended total aortic arch replacement using a four-branched graft through the “L-indsion” approach (a combination of a left anterior thoracotomy and upper half median sternotomy). Of note, a histological specimen from the aneurysmal ascending aortic wall revealed “healed aortic dissection” with fibrous tissue replacing the media and intima in addition to multiple foci of cystic medial necrosis.     

胸主动脉夹层的外科治疗

目的总结胸主动脉夹层(AD)的外科治疗经验。方法1993年至2003年4月手术治疗A型AD40例，B型20例，其中急性夹层16例。A型采用中度低温体外循环13例，深低温停循环(DHCA)和上腔静脉逆灌(RCP)27例；行升主动脉置换24例，升主动脉和半弓置换11例，升主动脉、全弓和象鼻手术5例；同期行Bentall手术18例，主动脉瓣置换8例，冠状动脉旁路移植术1例。B型采用左心转流7例，股一股转流2例，DHCA 11例；行近端降主动脉置换14例，全胸降主动脉置换或伴肋间动脉移植6例。结果全组术后死亡率10％(急性夹层18．8％，慢性夹层6．8％)，近3年降至4．4％。术后并发呼吸功能不全8例，二次开胸止血3例，延迟性心包压塞和腹腔内出血各2例，声音嘶哑3例。结论正确掌握手术指征、手术技巧和术中脑保护是手术治疗AD的关键。A型夹层的手术范围应依据内膜破裂口位置决定。