术中功能定位切除辅助运动区低级别胶质瘤

目的 探讨辅助运动区低级别胶质瘤的手术方法.方法 回顾性分析14例辅助运动区低级别胶质瘤患者的临床资料和随访结果.术前应用功能磁共振进行评价.应用术中超声确定解剖边界,在唤醒麻醉下应用皮质电刺激定位功能边界,根据解剖-功能边界切除肿瘤.评价患者术前、术后功能结果.结果 术后24h复查MRI显示肿瘤全切12例,大部切除2例.术后病理显示星形细胞瘤5例,少枝细胞瘤6例,少枝-星形细胞瘤3例.术后2例出现典型的辅助运动区综合征,3例出现部分辅助运动区综合征.随访12个月所有患者预后良好.结论 唤醒麻醉下应用术中皮质电刺激,确定肿瘤切除的功能边界.根据解剖-功能边界切除肿瘤,能够最大程度切除辅助运动区低级别胶质瘤,同时保护正常的运动功能.     

低级别胶质瘤与癫痫

低级别胶质瘤与癫痫的发生密切相关,但是机制不明.目前研究发现不同肿瘤类型,不同病理级别,不同部位及功能区与非功能区癫痫发生率却有显著的差别.口服抗癫痫药物,治疗原发性肿瘤包括手术,放化疗及生物治疗等措施均能够较好的控制癫痫发作.本文就低级别胶质瘤与癫痫的关系及低级别胶质瘤患者中癫痫的控制作一综述.     

低级别胶质瘤的显微手术治疗

中枢神经系统低级别胶质瘤侵及范围广泛且发病早期多无明显症状及体征，作出临床诊断时肿瘤体积已经较大，肿瘤活检加放疗的效果很不满意。作者自1998年3月至2005年1月应用显微外科技术治疗低级别胶质瘤17例，术后进行放射治疗，取得了良好效果，现报道如下：     

边缘系统低级别胶质瘤与顽固性癫痫

目的 探讨边缘系统低级别胶质瘤致顽固性癫痫的临床特征、手术方法及疗效。方法 对自1993年3月一2000年12月本科因顽固性癫痫进行手术切除的11例边缘系统低级别胶质瘤作一回顾性分析。结果 11例患者中10例以癫痫起病，平均病程26个月，发作类型为复杂性部分性发作和继发性全身发作。11例患者均经扩大翼点入路行胶质瘤全切加上标准前额叶切除。术后病理为少枝突胶质瘤3例，星形细胞瘤Ⅰ级5例，星形细胞瘤Ⅰ—Ⅱ级3例。11例患者随访10个月一3年，复查CT或MRI检查，无肿瘤复发迹象，癫痫控制满意。结论 边缘系统低级别胶质瘤致顽固性癫痫，病程长，久治不愈，年龄偏轻，通过完全的肿瘤切除加上标准前额叶切除，可大大降低肿瘤的复发率，极好地控制癫痫。     

低级别胶质瘤的分子遗传学研究进展

正脑胶质瘤是起源于脑部神经胶质细胞,是最常见的颅内肿瘤之一。近30年来,原发性恶性脑肿瘤发生率逐年递增,年增长率约为1.2%,中老年人群尤为明显。根据美国脑肿瘤注册中心统计,恶性胶质瘤约占原发性恶性脑肿瘤的70%,年发病率约为5/100 000,每年新发病率超过14 000例,65岁以上人群发病率明显升高[1]。尽管神经影像学及胶质瘤的治疗均取得了一定的进展,但胶质瘤的预后远不能使人满意。低     

低级别胶质瘤临床治疗现状

<正>胶质瘤是颅内最常见的原发性恶性肿瘤。根据病理学特点,世界卫生组织将胶质瘤分为I-IV级,其中I-II级为低级别胶质瘤(low-grade gliomas,LGGs),III-IV级为高级别胶质瘤(high-grade gliomas,HGGs)。LGGs约占颅内胶质瘤的15%,生长缓慢,平均生存时间比HGGs长,会发生间变或去分化形成致命性的HGGs。故对于那些年轻的,症状不明显的,靠近功能区的LGGs患者,是否应积极     

立体定向等体积切除幕上低级别胶质瘤

目的 探讨立体定向等体积切除术在低级别胶质瘤手术中的应用价值。方法 利用MR导向立体定向等体积切除方法切除大脑半球不同部位的低级别胶质瘤58例,其中功能区39例。对本术式的手术疗效、优越性及注意事项进行分析。结果 全组病例均达到肿瘤影像学全切除。术后症状改善或无变化51例(87．9％),症状加重7例,除1例未恢复外,其余6例均在短期内恢复。结论 立体定向等体积切除术可以精确定位并确定手术切除范围,有助于提高低级别胶质瘤的全切除率及降低手术并发症的发生。     

低级别胶质瘤的治疗

低级别胶质瘤是一类不常见的、原发性脑肿瘤。通常处于非活动状态,但是大部分最终演变成致命性高级别胶质瘤。最新的文献回顾和分析认为,肿瘤较大或有广泛的神经系统症状时应该立即手术切除。术后年轻、肿瘤已全切且包含特定分子学特点的病人,可以只进行观察随访;有高危险因素如:肿瘤残留、年龄大于45岁、神经缺损症状、肿瘤大、有占位效应的病人,建议立即给予辅助治疗。     

丘脑低级别胶质瘤的显微外科治疗

本文分析1990～2000年我院收治的丘脑低级别胶质瘤20例，对手术方法和预后进行探讨，现报告如下。     

低级别胶质瘤继发癫痫的手术治疗

目的 探讨低级别胶质瘤继发癫痫的手术治疗方法.方法 采用视频脑电、脑磁图定位致痫灶、功能区,手术中联合应用立体定向引导、术中B超、术中皮质电刺激等技术治疗继发癫痫的低级别胶质瘤13例.结果 全部患者在手术切除、保护神经功能的同时,控制了癫痫发作,临床效果良好.结论 多种定位技术的联合应用,可在最大程度切除肿瘤、致痫灶的同时减少脑组织损伤,保留脑功能区皮质,控制癫痫发作,提高患者生活质量.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the methods of surgical treatment of low-grade glioma with secondary epilepsy.Method Video-EEG,magnetoeneephalography ( MEG) were performed to localizated the epileptogenic zone and domain in 13 patients,and stereotactic technology,ultrasound,electrocorticogram (EcoG) were performed intraoperative combinating to treat the low-grade gliomas that lead to epilepsy.Results The seizure was controlled while the tumor was resected and the neural function were protected in all patients.The clinical effect was significant.Conclusions The combination of multiple technology to localize the epileptogenic can resect the tumor or the epileptogenic zone maximum, reduce the injury of normal brain tissue,protect the cortex of brain domain,control the epileptic seizure and improve the patients' quality of life.     

Differentiation between low-grade and high-grade glioma using combined diffusion tensor imaging metrics

Objective

To ascertain whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics including tensor shape measures such as planar and spherical isotropy coefficients (CP and CS) can be used to distinguish high-grade from low-grade gliomas.

Methods

Twenty-five patients with histologically proved brain gliomas (10 low-grade and 15 high-grade) were included in this study. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images, non-diffusion weighted b = 0 (b0) images, fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), CS and CP maps were co-registered and each lesion was divided into two regions of interest (ROI): enhancing and immediate peritumoral edema (edema adjacent to tumor). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to determine the best classification model.

Results

There was a statistically significant difference in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. The best logistic regression model for classification combined three parameters (CS, FA and CP) from the immediate peritumoral part (p = 0.02), resulting in 86% sensitivity, 80% specificity and area under the curve of 0.81.

Conclusion

Our study revealed that combined DTI metrics can function in effect as a non-invasive measure to distinguish between low-grade and high-grade gliomas.     

Anatomical location differences between mutated and wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 in low-grade gliomas

Anatomical location of gliomas has been considered as a factor implicating the contributions of a specific precursor cells during the tumor growth. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is a pathognomonic biomarker with a significant impact on the development of gliomas and remarkable prognostic effect. The correlation between anatomical location of tumor and IDH1 states for low-grade gliomas was analyzed quantitatively in this study. Ninety-two patients diagnosed of low-grade glioma pathologically were recruited in this study, including 65 patients with IDH1-mutated glioma and 27 patients with wide-type IDH1. A convolutional neural network was designed to segment the tumor from three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging images. Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping was then employed to study the tumor location distribution differences between gliomas with mutated and wild-type IDH1. In order to characterize the location differences quantitatively, the Automated Anatomical Labeling Atlas was used to partition the standard brain atlas into 116 anatomical volumes of interests (AVOIs). The percentages of tumors with different IDH1 states in 116 AVOIs were calculated and compared. Support vector machine and AdaBoost algorithms were used to estimate the IDH1 status based on the 116 location features of each patient. Experimental results proved that the quantitative tumor location measurement could be a very important group of imaging features in biomarker estimation based on radiomics analysis of glioma.     

Early prognostic factors related to progression and malignant transformation of low-grade gliomas

Objective

Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are infiltrative tumors characterized by slow growth. However, during early period, LGGs can progress and transform into a malignant pathology. We analyzed the prognostic factors for progression and malignant transformation in LGGs.

Materials and methods

From 2000 to 2009, we operated on 86 patients: 42 oligodendrogliomas, 12 oligoastrocytomas, and 32 astrocytomas. The male:female ratio was 47:39, and the median age was 41 (±17.4) years. The mean follow-up period was 4.25 (±2.8) years. We analyzed the prognostic factors for progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and malignant transformation, considering age, sex, KPS, clinical presentation, tumor location, radiologic pattern, extent of removal, pathologic subtype, and adjuvant treatment.

Results

In univariate analysis, non-eloquent location, gross total removal, and oligodendroglial pathology statistically correlated with improved PFS and OS. In multivariate analysis, gross total removal correlated with longer PFS (p = 0.043), and gemistocytic astrocytoma had a poor PFS (p = 0.004). Younger age and non-eloquent area showed an improved OS (p = 0.002 and 0.041), and astrocytic pathology showed a poor OS (p = 0.01). Malignant transformation was pathologically diagnosed in 13 out of 86 patients (15%). Gemistocytic astrocytoma correlated independently with malignant transformation (p = 0.022).

Conclusion

In LGGs, extent of removal associated with tumor progression. The pathology of astrocytoma, especially gemistocytic astrocytoma, was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and malignant transformation.     

Rearrangement of motor centers and its relationship to the neurological status of low-grade glioma examined on pre- and postoperative fMRI

Objective

Well-developed compensatory mechanisms, based on the phenomenon of brain plasticity, exist in patients with neuroepithelial tumors, especially with highly differentiated gliomas (WHO grade II). We studied phenomenon of rearrangement of sensorimotor cortex using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and verified relationship between observed changes and results of neurological and neuropsychological assessment.

Methods

Study group included 20 patients with WHO grade II gliomas located within motor or sensory cortex. fMRI examination, as well as clinical, neurological (Karnofsky performance score [KPS] and Lovett's scale [Lo]), and neuropsychological assessment (Digit Coding Symbol Test and Digit Span Test) were performed pre-operatively and 3 months post-surgery.

Results

There were no significant differences in pre- and postoperative performance status of patients. Although statistically insignificant, an increase in frequency of activation of primary and secondary cortical motor centers was observed postoperatively (p > 0.05). Prior to surgery, motor centers were characterized by lower values of t-statistics than in postoperative period (p > 0.05). In contrast, values of parameters describing the size of examined centers, i.e. mean number of clusters, were lower, but not statistically significant on postoperative examination (p > 0.05). Compared to individuals without motor deficit, patients with preoperative Lo3/Lo4 paralysis showed significantly higher mean values of t-statistics in the accessory motor area on postoperative examination (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The processes of motor cortex rearrangement seemed to be associated with the pre- and postoperative neurological and neuropsychological status of patients. After contralateral primary motor cortex, accessory motor area was the second most frequently activated center, both pre- and postoperatively.     

Spontaneous regression of optic pathways gliomas in three patients with neurofibromatosis type I and critical review of the literature

Case reports The authors report their experience about three children (two girls, one boy; average age 1.6 years) with a spontaneous regression of optic gliomas. All of them had a previous diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF 1). None of them underwent surgery or biopsy nor received chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The complete regression was documented by MRI scans performed during a mean follow-up of 6.3 years.Literature review Moreover, the authors analyze the features of the 16 cases previously reported in English literature of spontaneously regressed optic gliomas with an overview of the different therapeutic strategies. The knowledge that this kind of tumor, particularly in young patients, may regress is important in the decision of the best therapeutic approach.     

胶质瘤脑浸润程度与病理级别的相关性研究

目的运用病理和影像学的方法研究胶质瘤脑浸润程度与其病理级别的关系。方法选择需作内减压的脑胶质瘤患者30例,通过手术获取肿瘤区和瘤周水肿区组织标本;肿瘤区组织通过病理检查确定肿瘤分级,瘤周水肿区通过病理检查作肿瘤细胞计数和细胞密度分析,确定肿瘤脑浸润程度,将两者作相关分析;利用磁共振弥散张量成像（DTI）测量5个兴趣区（肿瘤实体区、瘤周水肿区、水肿外区、相对正常白质区和对侧白质区）的分量各向异性（FA）值,将瘤周水肿区的FA值与肿瘤的病理脑浸润程度和病理级别分别作相关分析。结果胶质瘤脑浸润程度和病理级别间无显著相关性;瘤周水肿区的FA值与胶质瘤病理脑浸润程度呈负相关性;瘤周水肿区的FA值与胶质瘤病理级别间无显著相关性。结论从病理和影像学分析的角度来看,传统脑胶质瘤病理分级与肿瘤脑浸润程度无显著相关性,高级别的胶质瘤并不一定具有更高的侵袭性。     

Relationship between brain structure on magnetic resonance imaging and motor outcomes in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended in all children with cerebral palsy (CP) where the aetiology has not been established, and the major presenting problem in CP is reduced motor capacity. A systematic review of the literature was performed to investigate the relationship between brain structure on MRI and motor outcomes in children with CP. A total of 37 studies met inclusion criteria, and were analysed in terms of (a) population characteristics, (b) MRI data, (c) motor outcome data, and (d) the relationship between MRI data and motor outcomes. All studies used a qualitative system to classify brain lesions; however, few reported information about the location and extent of lesions. Valid and reliable classifications of motor abilities were not always used, and three studies did not link motor findings to MRI features. There was, however, a relationship between the type of brain lesion on MRI and two specific motor outcomes, namely gross motor functional classification (using GMFCS) and motor type. This relationship could aid in the prediction and optimisation of early interventions for children with CP. There is also need for a quantitative MRI classification measure which includes detailed information about the location and severity of lesions.     

听神经瘤临床行为与其磁共振信号和病理特征之间的相关性研究

目的　分析听神经瘤的大小、生长速率及增殖与其磁共振信号、组织学特征之间的相互关系。方法　回顾分析听神经瘤 4 3例 ,依MR信号分为均匀、不均匀及囊性变 ,组织学包括AntoniA、AntoniB以及纤维化、含铁血黄素沉淀、黄色瘤样细胞。结果　信号均匀的听神经瘤肿瘤较小、生长较慢、增殖指数较低 ,组织学以AntoniA结构占优 ;不均匀和囊性听神经瘤肿瘤较大、生长较快、增殖指数较高 ,以混合型结构占优 ;不均匀和囊性听神经瘤中含铁血黄素沉淀、黄色瘤样细胞以及不均匀听神经瘤的纤维化明显增多 ,它们均有统计学意义。结论　较大的听神经瘤不仅MR表现为不均匀信号 ,而且组织学主要表现混合型结构 ,也可能有其他变化 ,主要是含铁血黄素沉淀和囊性变。     

神经棘红细胞增多症的临床及神经影像学特征

目的 分析神经棘红细胞增多症的临床及头颅影像学特征.方法 回顾分析8例患者的临床资料并复习文献,周围血棘红细胞检测采用外周血涂片、红细胞盐水诱发实验和扫描电镜方法.结果 男性2例,女性6例;发病年龄10～35岁,平均发病年龄22岁,4例以口面舌部肌张力障碍为首发突出症状,3例以四肢远端不自主运动为首发突出表现,且于发病过程中累及口面部肌张力;1例以帕金森症状为主要临床表现.4例有癫痫发作,为全身强直阵挛发作.4例智力减退.6例肌张力低、腱反射低.8例患者外周血涂片光镜下7例棘红细胞增多,另1例外周血涂片正常,但红细胞盐水诱发实验和电镜下棘红细胞增多.所有患者肌酸激酶不同程度轻度升高.8例患者头颅MRI中,6例示不同程度侧脑室扩大,前角明显增宽;尾状核和豆状核萎缩.4例肌电图和神经传导速度检查,2例正常,2例示上、下肢神经源性损害,感觉纤维轴突受累为著.外周血棘红细胞检测:7例患者外周血涂片光镜下棘红细胞增多;8例红细胞盐水诱发实验阳性,2例电镜检查符合棘红细胞增多症.结论 神经棘红细胞增多症是一种主要累及基底节的进行性神经系统变性病,主要表现为口面肌张力障碍、舞蹈症、智力减退、癫痫发作,头颅影像学示不同程度的尾状核和豆状核萎缩,周围血的棘红细胞检测方式对该病有确诊意义.     

磁刺激运动诱发电位及磁共振对脊髓炎定位诊断的对比分析

目的比较磁刺激运动诱发电位(MEP)和脊髓磁共振(MRI)检查对急性横贯性脊髓炎(ATM)和视神经脊髓炎(NMO)病人进行定位诊断的价值。方法对临床确诊为ATM 40例和25例NMO的住院患者的MEP和MRI检查结果进行分析,比较两种检查定位符合率。结果MRI显示ATM患者以胸脊髓损害为主,NMO组患者以颈胸段联合损害为主。MEP显示ATM组患者主要表现为上肢锥体束传导正常、下肢锥体束传导异常,而NMO组患者在表现为上下肢锥体束传导均异常。当病变位于颈髓时,ATM组患者定位符合率为92.8%,NMO组患者定位符合率为95.2%;当病变位于胸髓时,ATM符合率100%,NMO符合率80%。结论在ATM和NMO患者中,MEP提示的锥体束异常部位与MRI所证实的病变部位相吻合。