体力活动对儿童青少年学业能力影响的系统评价

探究体力活动对儿童青少年群体学业能力的影响,为促进儿童青少年体力活动提供新的视角.方法 采用系统评价的方法,在中国知网(CNKI),EBSCO,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,PubMed等5个数据库中检索国内外从2007年1月31日到2017年12月31日期间发表的有关体力活动对儿童青少年学业能力影响的相关研究,中文检索词中的体力活动检索词包括“体力活动”“运动”“锻炼”;学业能力检索词包括“学业能力”“学业成就”“学习成绩”“学习表现”“学术成就”“认知功能”.英文检索词中的体力活动检索词包括“physical activity”“physical activities”“exercise”“fitness”;学业能力检索词包括“academic achievement”“academic performance”“academic success”“grades” “cognitive function”.体力活动、学业能力的检索词之间用“or”连接,体力活动与学业能力之间的检索词用“and”连接.提取关键资料,进行质量评价,报告研究方法、结果及结论.结果 共纳入文献24篇,文献类型包括系统综述(系统评价、Meta分析)、纵向研究、随机对照实验和相关性研究,证据水平在1a~2c之间.从纵向研究以及相关性实验的研究结论可以看出,体力活动在一定程度上可以提高儿童青少年的学业能力.结论 儿童青少年个体当前的体力活动水平可以促进学业能力的提高,体力活动可作为一个有效的战略目标,从而提高学业能力.尽管现阶段体力活动对学业能力影响的证据不够强,但积极开展更多的高质量研究对探究其关系尤为重要.     

7~8岁儿童体力活动水平与动作能力发展的关系

比较7~8岁儿童的体力活动水平与动作能力发展特征,为中国儿童体力活动健康促进工作的进一步开展提供有益的借鉴与参考.方法 使用儿童动作测量量表(Movement Assessment Battery for Children,M-ABC)和大肌肉动作发展测试(Test of Gross Motor Development,TGMD),对江苏省如皋市开发区实验小学一年级的91名7~8岁儿童进行动作能力测试,并采用ActiGraph GT3X+型号加速度计对体力活动参与情况进行连续7d监测,对动作能力和体力活动指标进行相关分析.结果 男生每天中等强度体力活动(MPA)和中高强度体力活动(MVPA)时间分别为(21.41±7.45)和(27.32±11.18) min,高于女生的(17.53±7.63)和(22.16±9.72) min(t值分别为2.54,2.39,P值均<0.05);男生的物体控制得分为(6.73±2.49)分,优于女生的(5.71±2.14)分(t=2.13,P<0.05);儿童精细动作和身体分别与大强度体力活动(VPA)、MPA、MVPA呈正相关(r=0.21~0.31,P值均<0.05).结论 儿童中高强度体力活动时间较少.与女生相比,男生的中高水平体力活动时间略长;男生的物体控制类动作能力发展状况优子女生;儿童的精细动作与身体移动能力与体力活动之间存在一定程度的正向关联.     

12~14岁青少年体力活动动作能力与体质状况的关系

  目的  探究青少年体力活动、动作能力和体质之间的相关性以及体力活动、动作能力对体质的影响,为青少年体质促进提供理论依据。  方法  采用随机整群抽样法抽取北京某中学164名12~14岁的学生作为研究对象,动作能力发展采用动作能力测试量表第2版(Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2, MABC-2)进行测量;体力活动采用加速度计(ActiGraph GT3X+)进行测量;体质测试选取《国家学生体质健康标准》(初中生部分)中的1 000/800 m跑、立定跳远和坐位体前屈。采用Pearson相关分析三者之间的相关性,采用多元逐步回归分析体力活动、动作能力对体质的影响。  结果  12~14岁青少年体力活动与体质之间存在低等程度正相关(r=0.24~0.30,P值均 < 0.05),动作能力与体质之间存在低到中等程度正相关(r=0.21~0.42,P值均 < 0.05)。体力活动和体质量指数(BMI)可以解释31%的心肺耐力,体力活动、物体控制能力和BMI可以解释26%的肌肉力量,平衡能力可以解释5%的柔韧性。  结论  体力活动、动作能力和体质之间存在低到中等程度正相关,体力活动和动作能力可以影响少年体质水平。以促进动作能力发展和体力活动参与为切入点的综合干预对提高青少年体质水平具有现实意义。     

家庭支持对青少年体力活动及动作能力的影响

  目的  探讨青少年家庭背景及父母支持情况与青少年体力活动及动作能力之间的关系,为中国儿童青少年的健康促进提供相应的理论依据。  方法  2019年11—12月选取山西省某初中12~14岁140名初中生为研究对象,采用ActiGraph GT3X+型号加速度计记录研究对象连续7 d的体力活动,采用儿童青少年家庭支持量表(ACTS-CN)评估家长对孩子活动行为的支持与态度,采用加拿大敏捷和动作能力评估测试(CAMSA)评价青少年的动作能力发展状况。  结果  男女生每天参与中高强度体力活动(MVPA)的时间分别为(40.57±13.54)和(31.65±9.98)min,差异有统计学意义(t=4.44,P < 0.05);动作能力测试中,男女生的平均技能得分分别为(10.8±1.9)和(10.1±1.9),完成时间分别为(17.7±2.8)和(19.1±2.5)s;多元线性回归分析结果表明,母亲学历、家庭月收入、母亲关注孩子锻炼情况和父亲支持参加俱乐部均与青少年MVPA相关(B值分别为-0.28,-0.16,-0.16,0.18,P值均 < 0.05)。父、母提供锻炼场所与动作能力得分呈正相关(r值分别为0.17,0.17,P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  受教育水平越高的父母对孩子体力活动参与度有着更积极的影响。父母的陪伴能够在一定程度上促进青少年体力活动水平的提高。父母提供的支持性环境,能够对青少年的动作能力水平产生积极影响。     

12~14岁少年体力活动水平与动作能力发展的相关性

探讨青少年日常体力活动水平与动作能力发展之间的相关性,以期为促进青少年体力活动提供新视角.方法 选取北京市某中学12~14岁153名初中生(男73名,女80名)为研究对象.采用加速度计(ActiGraph GT3X+)记录研究对象连续7d的体力活动,采用动作能力测试量表(Movement Assessment Battery for children,Second Edition,MABC-2)评估其动作能力发展水平.结果 研究对象平均每天参与中高强度体力活动(moderate and vigorous physical activity,MVPA)的时间为42.15 min,满足世界卫生组织体力活动指南推荐量的占15.7%.动作能力发展处于平均水平的占56%.MVPA与物体控制能力得分呈正相关(r=0.20,P<0.05),低强度体力活动与精细动作得分之间呈正相关(r=0.23,P<0.01);男生MVPA与物体控制之间存在正相关(r=0.29,P<0.05),在女生中未发现二者间的相关性.结论 青少年参与MVPA的时间依然不足,基于体力活动和动作能力间的关系,以发展物体控制能力为出发点促进青少年参与MVPA的方法,为体力活动促进提供了新视角.     

儿童青少年体力活动与身心健康研究进展

近几十年,儿童青少年体力活动水平下降趋势明显,导致其健康水平下降,新冠肺炎疫情的暴发与蔓延进一步加重了该趋势。在疫情防控常态化背景下,为深入解析体力活动与儿童青少年身心健康之间的关系,促进儿童青少年身心健康水平,追踪梳理了国内外相关主题文献,分析了体力活动对儿童青少年健康体适能、认知和心理健康的积极影响,发现相关健康效应存在显著的体力活动类型、强度和时间差异等,进而提出了体力活动相关研究的若干问题。     

经济欠发达地区农村留守儿童体力活动状况及与动机的关系

目的了解经济欠发达地区农村留守儿童青少年体力活动状况以及与体力活动动机之间的关系,为留守儿童青少年保持良好的体力活动水平提供理论支持。方法 2018年3—4月在新疆经济欠发达的和田、喀什地区抽取1 024名农村留守儿童青少年进行体力活动量表和锻炼动机量表的调查。结果经济欠发达地区农村留守儿童青少年体力活动得分为20.07±15.89;锻炼动机中最高的维度为健康动机(4.08±0.68),最低的为外貌(2.84±0.98)。女生体力活动得分低于男生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);男生锻炼的动机中能力、社交、乐趣维度得分也高于女生,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。初中学生体力活动高于高中学生(P<0.05)。回归分析显示,乐趣和能力动机对体力活动起到预测作用(R2=0.141,F=22.564,P<0.05)。结论内部动机的有效激发是促进经济欠发达地区农村留守儿童青少年积极参与体力活动的有效方式。     

文献快报(5):体力活动可显著改善儿童青少年抑郁症状

正体力活动对儿童青少年心理健康的益处逐渐受到关注。研究提示体力活动可缓解抑郁症状,成人重症抑郁的综合治疗方案中已开始纳入运动处方(每周3天以上、每天45 min中等强度的运动)。也有学者提出相反的关联:体力活动降低、静坐时间增加会增加罹患抑郁的风险。成年人群研究表明运动有助于预防重症抑郁发生,但儿童青少年群体中是否存在类似关联,需开展荟萃分析,明确体力活动对儿童青少年抑郁症状的最佳保护效应,为心理健康促进中纳入体力活动提供理论支撑。     

儿童青少年体力活动量表的信度和效度分析

目的 检验儿童青少年体力活动量表的信度及效度,为儿童及青少年体力活动的流行病学调查提供测量工具.方法 通过分层整群抽样,共抽取南京市两个区的6所学校852名学生作为研究对象.在7天的时间内,要求受试者在一周的每1天里填写体力日记,并在第8天填写量表.使用Cronbach's α系数对量表的信度进行评价,通过分析量表测量的体力活动水平与体力活动日记所得到的半客观的体力活动量之间的Spearman相关系数和Bland-Altman图来评价量表的效度.结果 有效调查816人,量表所测量的中等和高强度体力活动的Conranbach系数分别为0.722和0.731,表明该量表的信度较好.量表与体力活动日记的测量值之间的Sperman系数处于0.584～0.684之间(均有P＜0.05).Bland-Altman的一致性分析显示量表与体力活动日记对中等强度和高强度体力活动测量结果的一致性分别为95.44％和95.47％,具有较高的效度.结论 儿童青少年体力活动量表的信效度良好,可用于儿童及青少年人群体力活动的流行病学研究.     

体力活动模式对儿童青少年学习成绩的影响

体力活动有利于提高儿童青少年身心健康,越来越多的研究表明体力活动对提高儿童青少年学习成绩有积极作用.本文对现有文献进行回顾分析,探究体力活动模式与儿童青少年学习成绩之间的关系,分析不同时长、频次、强度和类型的体力活动对儿童青少年学习成绩的影响,为提高儿童青少年体力活动的质量和效果提供依据.高质量证据支持长时间、高频次、...     

Associations between weather conditions and physical activity and sedentary time in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the associations between weather conditions and physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) in children and adolescents. A systematic search of six databases identified 11,816 articles, of which 26 studies were included in the review. Several weather conditions were included, such as rainfall, temperature, wind speed, day length, sunlight, humidity, snowfall, and clouds. Meta-analyses showed that higher temperatures were associated with more moderate-to-vigorous PA, while lower temperature and heavily rainfall was associated with longer ST. Children and adolescents showed more PA and less ST during favorable weather conditions. Future longitudinal and intervention studies on PA and ST should focus on how weather conditions promote or hinder these behaviors.     

School physical activity policies and associations with physical activity practices and behaviours: A systematic review of the literature

The development and implementation of school policies is considered a key strategy for the promotion of physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents. This study aimed to systematically review and synthesise existing literature focusing on the associations between formal written school-based PA policies and (a) school PA practices and (b) PA behaviours of school-aged children and adolescents. Fifty-one papers reporting on 52 studies met the eligibility criteria. All but two studies were from high income countries, most used cross-sectional designs and demonstrated fair methodological quality, and just over a third examined language aspects of policies. Findings predominantly indicated a lack of or inconclusive associations between the various characteristics examined and PA outcomes. Inconclusive associations were identified between both PA practice and behaviour outcomes and state level policies, policies focusing on PE and school-day PA, and in studies examining language aspects of policies. Inconclusive associations with both types of outcomes were more likely to be identified compared to a lack of associations in studies using self-report measures and in studies not providing information about the quality of exposure and outcome measures used. Overall, findings highlight the need for further research that acknowledges the complex relationship between school policies and PA outcomes and employs robust methodological approaches to enhance our understanding of this area.     

K?rperliche Aktivit?t und Adipositas

One reason for the high prevalence of overweight and obesity might be the differences in lifestyle compared to earlier decades, called the "obesogenic environment." With this, the decline in physical activity (PA) in favor of a sedentary lifestyle is assumed to play an important role. Physical activity or inactivity has a major impact on the development of overweight and obesity as well as on certain metabolic disorders. This review summarizes current scientific knowledge regarding the association between PA and overweight/obesity. The term "physical activity" is defined and different methods of its assessment are introduced. In addition, certain methods for the evaluation/operationalization of collected PA data are described. Finally, some epidemiological studies dealing with the associations between PA and overweight/obesity in children/adolescents as well as in adults are presented.     

Physical activity in young children: a systematic review of parental influences

The primary aim of this review was to identify and evaluate the strength of associations of the key parental factors measured in studies examining early childhood physical activity (PA). A systematic review of the literature, using databases PsychINFO, Medline, Academic Search Complete, PSYCHinfo, and CINHAL, published between January 1986 and March 2011 was conducted; 20 papers were relevant for the current review. While 12 parenting variables were identified, only 5 of these had been investigated sufficiently to provide conclusive findings. There were inconsistencies in the findings involving the social learning variable parental enjoyment and variables involving parental behaviours such as maternal depression and self-efficacy, and rules for sedentary behaviour, and parental perceptions, which included perceived importance of PA, fear of safety, and perception of child's motor competence. Given these inconsistencies, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether the method of measuring PA (objective or subjective) influenced the strength of associations between the parental factors and young children's PA. There was no difference in the strength of associations in the studies that used objective or subjective measurement (via parent self-report). Further investigation is needed to clarify and understand the specific parental influences and behaviours that are associated with PA in young children. In particular, longitudinal research is needed to better understand how parental influences and PA levels of children during the formative preschool and early elementary school years are associated.     

Promoting physical activity for children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: An umbrella systematic review: A review on promoting physical activity in LMIC

ObjectiveIt is unknown how much previous reviews on promoting physical activity (PA) for children and adolescents (aged 6–18 years) take into account studies from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC, based on the World Bank definition) and the level of evidence of the effect of PA interventions in this population. This study aims to answer such questions using an umbrella systematic review approach.MethodsWe searched for peer-reviewed systematic reviews and original studies in eight electronic databases, screening of reference lists and expert contacts. Information in systematic reviews on PA interventions for children and adolescents from LMIC was discussed. Original studies on PA interventions (randomized-controlled trials [RCT], cluster-RCT and non-RCT) with children and adolescents from LMIC were eligible. We assessed the methodological quality in all studies, and the evidence level of effect on PA in intervention studies.ResultsFifty systematic reviews (nine meta-analyses) and 25 original studies (20 different interventions) met eligibility criteria. Only 3.1% of mentioned studies in previous reviews were from LMIC. Strong and LMIC-specific evidence was found that school-based, multicomponent, and short-term (up to six months) interventions, focused on adolescents primarily (aged 13–18 years), can promote PA in children and adolescents from LMIC. Other intervention characteristics had inconclusive evidence due to the low number of studies, low methodological quality, and/or small sample size.ConclusionA minimal part of PA interventions mentioned in previous reviews are from LMIC. Our LMIC-specific analyses showed priorities of implementation and practical implication that can be used in public policies for PA promotion in LMIC.     

Motor Skill Competence and Physical Activity in Preschoolers: A Review

Objectives Preschoolers 3–5 years of age are in a crucial stage of motor skill competence. While preschoolers develop their motor skill competence through engagement in physical activity, a majority of them fail to meet guideline-recommended physical activity level. This study reviews scientific evidence on the relationship between motor skill competence and physical activity among preschoolers. Methods This systematic review followed the PRISMA framework. Keyword and reference search were conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria included—age: 3–5 years of age; setting: preschool environment (e.g., preschool, childcare, head start); main outcomes: motor skill competence and physical activity; study design: cross-sectional study, case–control study, retrospective cohort study, prospective cohort study, or randomized controlled trial; language: English; and article type: peer-reviewed publication. Results Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, including 6 randomized controlled trials and 5 cross-sectional studies. Studies were conducted in 5 countries: United States (5), United Kingdom (2), Australia (2), Switzerland (1), and Finland (1). Eight out of the 11 studies included in the review reported a significant relationship between motor skill competence and physical activity. The specific pattern and strength of the relationship tend to differ by gender, physical activity intensity, motor skill type, and day of the week (weekdays versus weekends). Conclusions An association has been consistently documented between motor skill competence and physical activity. Future research is warranted to elucidate the underlining causal link, examine potential heterogeneity, and determine the role of environment in the relationship between motor skill competence and physical activity among preschoolers.     

肥胖对儿童动作能力影响的研究进展

动作能力是儿童参与身体活动的基础,对儿童未来运动专项技能的发展及终身体育观念的培养至关重要.先前的研究认为,肥胖与儿童的动作能力有关,肥胖儿童在粗大和精细动作技能、平衡协调方面表现明显低于健康体重同龄人.然而,在儿童动作发展过程中,影响因素的多样性及神经发育的个体差异,导致了肥胖与儿童动作能力间的关系具有复杂性.本文将...     

Relationship between the physical environment and physical activity in older adults: a systematic review

Previous reviews on children, adolescents and adults have reported consistent relationships between several physical environmental characteristics and physical activity (PA). This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature concerning the relationship between the physical environment and PA in older adults. A systematic literature search resulted in the inclusion of 31 articles. Results were inconsistent but most of the studied environmental characteristics were reported not to be related to PA. More studies in different contexts utilizing longitudinal designs, standardized, reliable and validated PA and environmental measurements and investigating possible moderating effects are definitely warranted.     

The relationship between sedentary behaviour and physical activity in adults: A systematic review

To ascertain, through a systematic review, the associations between sedentary behaviour (SB) and physical activity (PA) among adults aged 18–60 years. Studies published in English up to and including June 2013 were located from computerized and manual searches. Studies reporting on at least one measure of SB and an association with one measure of PA were included. 26 studies met the inclusion criteria. Six studies examined associations between SB and PA prospectively, and 20 were cross-sectional. The most commonly assessed subtype of sedentary behaviours were television viewing (11 studies), total sedentary time (10), total sitting time (4), general screen time (3) and occupational sedentary time (2). All studied types of SB were associated with lower levels of PA in adults. Findings of this review suggest inverse associations between SB and PA were weak to moderate. Objective monitoring studies reported larger negative associations between SB and light intensity activity. Current evidence, though limited, supports the notion that sedentary behaviour displaces light intensity activity.     

Physical activity and likelihood of depression in adults: a review

OBJECTIVE: This review examines original research which has investigated associations between physical activity (PA) dose (i.e. frequency, intensity and duration) and domain and depression or symptoms of depression in adults. METHODS: A search of electronic databases and authors' own bibliographic libraries was performed between 2006 and 2007 for original research articles investigating associations between PA and depression in adults. A total of 27 observational and 40 intervention studies were included. RESULTS: Of the studies that focused on the association between duration of PA and likelihood of depression, all five observational studies, and five of the seven intervention studies found both shorter and longer durations of PA were associated with reduced likelihood of depression. Of the studies that focused on the association between intensity of PA and likelihood of depression, four of the six observational studies found that vigorous-intensity PA was more strongly associated with decreased likelihood of depression than lower intensities. Most intervention studies showed that both intensities were effective in reducing the likelihood of depression. Two observational studies found a stronger inverse relationship of leisure-time PA with depression than PA in other domains. There is insufficient evidence regarding the importance of the PA setting on depression. CONCLUSION: Although the dose and domain of physical activity varied across studies reviewed, evidence suggests that even low doses of PA may be protective against depression. Further studies examining the optimal domain of PA for reducing the likelihood of depression are needed.