天津地区中小学女生月经初潮年龄及相关因素

调查天津地区中小学女生月经初潮情况及其相关因素,为指导青春期女生生理发育和开展心理健康教育提供依据.方法 采取随机分层整群抽样方法,对天津地区4 127名中小学女生进行问卷调查及体格检查.并对结果进行统计学分析.结果 共有1 383名女生经历月经初潮,平均初潮年龄为(12.68±1.19)岁;单因素方差分析发现.家庭收入较高、父母文化程度较高的女生,初潮年龄较小(F值分别为4.97,9.52,10.64,P值均<0.05).体育锻炼频率越高的女生平均初潮年龄越小(F=4.20,P<0.05).不同看电子产品时间及睡眠时长的女生初潮年龄差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).经Kruskal Wallis H检验,母亲初潮年龄越小,女生初潮年龄的中位数越小(H=82.94,P<0.05).将各年龄组女生分为已潮组及未潮组,来潮组女生的身高、体重、体质量指数(BMI)、腰围、臀围及皮褶厚度的均值均高于未来潮组(t=2.18.10.93,P值均<0.05);将不同年龄组女生根据BMl分为消瘦组、正常组、超重组及肥胖组,经z2检验,各年龄组月经来潮率肥胖组及超重组>正常组>消瘦组,差异具有统计学意义(x2值分别为34.66,13.37,11.09,12.60,P值均<0.05).结论 天津地区女中小学生月经初潮年龄与家庭收入、父母文化程度、母亲初潮年龄、肥胖、体育锻炼频率等相关.     

南阳市10~15岁月经来潮与未来潮女生体成分比较及相关因素分析

  目的  了解南阳市10~15岁月经来潮与未来潮女生体成分的年龄变化特点,预测月经初潮时间,为及时开展青春期的卫生保健工作提供可靠依据。  方法  于2020年8—12月及2021年3—10月,对南阳市13个县市区采取抽签法随机整群抽样抽取1 523名女生,先通过问卷调查获取研究对象基本情况,然后利用日本百利达MC-180体成分分析仪对研究对象进行体成分测定。  结果  南阳市10~15岁女生体质量指数(BMI)、脂肪率、躯干脂肪率、肌肉量、骨量随着年龄的增长而逐渐增加,体内水分率随着年龄的增长逐渐减少。来潮女生的BMI、脂肪率、躯干脂肪率、肌肉量、骨量均高于未来潮女生,体内水分率低于未来潮女生。其中11~15岁已来潮女生与未来潮女生之间BMI差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.07,2.03,2.43,2.45,2.52,P值均 < 0.05);12~15岁已来潮女生与未来潮女生之间脂肪率、躯干脂肪率、肌肉量、骨量差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05);10,14,15岁未来潮女生与已来潮女生间体内水分率差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.75,2.35,2.37,P值均 < 0.05);10,11,14岁同年龄组农村女生和城市女生月经来潮率差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为4.34,3.45,6.73,P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  女生月经初潮前后BMI、脂肪率、躯干脂肪率、肌肉量、骨量、体内水分率等体成分年龄变化特点有助于月经初潮的预判,月经初潮年龄与营养状况、BMI、体育锻炼、零食及饮料摄入等因素有关。     

广西不同民族女生月经初潮年龄及影响因素分析

探索广西汉族、壮族、瑶族女生月经初潮年龄的影响因素,为开展学校青春期健康教育工作提供参考依据.方法 运用序列研究法,在广西3县分别抽取汉族、壮族、瑶族7,10,13岁女生,连续3年进行身高、体重等体格指标的测量,并询问月经来潮情况,最终选取3年连续监测的相同有效样本448例.使用生长发育影响因素调查表进行调查.结果 女生的月经初潮半数年龄为11.83(95%CI=11.69~ 11.96)岁,汉族、壮族、瑶族依次为11.87(95% CI=11.64~12.09)、11.44(95% CI=11.25~11.64)和12.42岁(95%CI=12.14~12.70),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).12,13岁组月经已来潮女生的身高、坐高、体重等均高于未来潮组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).二分类Logistic回归分析显示,月经初潮年龄的影响因素主要为坐高、胸围、海产品的摄入、夜间睡眠时长和在校运动时间(P值均<0.01).结论 广西女生月经初潮半数年龄有民族差异,与运动情况和膳食结构有关.应在小学四年级开始进行女生青春期健康教育,可侧重于健康生活模式的教育,培养学生均衡的膳食习惯和作息的规律,促进学生的健康生长.     

重庆青少年青春期身心健康知信行与生活质量的关系

探讨青春期知信行在青春期阶段影响青少年生活质量过程中的调节作用,为制定改善青少年生活质量的措施提供依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样,抽取重庆市2个区县6 746名中小学生,采用青春期发育量表(PDS)和基本情况调查表、青少年生活质量量表进行调查.结果 青春期早期、中期和后期的青少年生理、心理维度及总生活质量得分低于青春期前青少年(P值均<0.05);青春期中期(B=-1.10)和后期(B=-2.88)的青少年社会维度得分低于青春期前青少年;但青春期阶段对青少年青春期维度生活质量的影响无统计学意义(P>0.05).青春期知信行与青少年心理、社会、青春期维度和总生活质量呈正相关(B值分别为0.02,0.04,0.04,0.09,P值均<0.01),但对生理维度的影响无统计学意义(P=0.06).交互作用分析显示,青春期知信行在青春期阶段对社会维度(B=0.03)和总生活质量(B=0.06)影响过程中起调节作用(P值均<0.05),但对心理维度无调节作用(P>0.05).结论 加强青少年青春期健康教育是提高和改善青少年生活质量的关键.     

广州市中学生生活质量状况及影响因素分析

了解广州市中学生生活质量及其影响因素,为促进中学生身心全面发展提供理论依据.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样方法,对广州市14所中学共5 781名学生使用儿童少年生活质量量表、中学生学习压力源量表进行匿名问卷调查.结果 不同学校类型、学段和父母文化程度的学生生活质量得分差异均有统计学意义(t/F值分别为-2.24,4.59,4.17,3.29,P值均<0.05),男生生活环境状况得分高于女生(P值均<0.05);女生社会心理功能得分高于男生(P值均<0.05);重点中学学生得分高于普通中学学生(P值均<0.01);初中生比高中生得分高(P值均<0.01).多元线性回归分析结果显示,学习压力源总分及各维度、年龄、性别等因素与生活质量有密切关系(P值均<0.05).结论 广州市中学生生活质量不容乐观.应采取相关策略,有效提高生活质量.     

中国青春期女生月经初潮较早与身体素质的关系

目的 分析中国青春期女生月经初潮较早与身体素质的相关关系.方法 资料均来自2010年全国学生体质与健康调查数据,采用概率单位回归法计算月经初潮年龄的第10百分位数(P10)概率界值,将界值以前已来月经者定义为月经初潮较早(9.0～11.6岁),共筛选出初潮较早女生1072名,按城乡、年龄(精确到0.1岁),以1∶1频数匹配未来初潮女生,共1072名,并选取其50 m跑、立定跳远、50 m×8往返跑(7～12岁)、仰卧起坐4项身体素质指标.按年龄、城乡分层采用单水平t检验分析初潮较早组与未来潮组女生各项身体素质指标的差异;构建多水平单因变量和多因变量模型分析月经初潮较早与各项身体素质指标的关系.结果 共纳入2144名学生,城市11.0 ～11.6岁组初潮较早女生的50 m跑时间、立定跳远距离、仰卧起坐个数分别为(9.78±0.85)s、(153.81±18.59) cm、(27.79±10.25)个,未来潮学生分别为(10.01 ±0.90)s、(149.71±18.72)cm、(26.28±10.11)个,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为4.02、3.43、2.31,P值均＜0.01);农村11.0～11.6岁组初潮较早女生50 m×8往返跑时间、仰卧起坐个数分别为(120.92±13.06)s、(24.96±8.97)个,未来潮女生分别为(120.92±13.06)s、(22.96±9.83)个,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.89、2.77,P值均＜0.01),10.0 ～10.9岁初潮较早、未来潮女生50 m×8往返跑时间分别为(128.52±15.74)s、(123.89±13.50)s,差异有统计学意义(t=2.14,P＜0.05).多水平分析结果显示,月经初潮较早女生50 m跑时间、立定跳远距离、仰卧起坐个数分别比未来潮女生高0.12s、3.14 cm、1.11个(Waldx2值分别为4.00、6.22、4.07,P值均＜0.05),而50 m×8往返跑时间比未来潮学生低1.95 s(Waldx2=3.96,P＜0.05).结论 中国青春期女生月经初潮较早可能与身体速度素质、爆发力素质、肌力素质增加及耐力素质下降有关.     

成都市儿童青少年饮食行为现状及其与青春期发育的关系

了解成都市7~16岁儿童青少年的饮食行为现状及其与青春期发育的关系,为分析影响儿童青少年青春期发育的膳食行为因素提供初步线索.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样法,抽取成都市1 656名7~16岁儿童青少年为研究对象,分别采用问卷调查和现场观测的方法调查饮食行为和青春期发育状况.结果 已首次遗精(简称首遗)的男生摄入零食和含糖饮料的频率分别为2.70和1.46次/d,高于未首遗男生的2.00和0.87次/d(H值分别为5.58,5.61,P值均<0.01);已月经初潮(简称初潮)的女生摄入油炸食品、零食和含糖饮料的频率分别为1.53,2.89和1.29次/d,高于未初潮女生的1.24,2.44和0.86次/d(H值分别为2.62,3.66,5.77,P值均<0.01).男、女生中,未发育组经常吃早餐的所占比例均高于发育早期组和发育晚期组(x2值分别为7.83,26.66,P值均<0.05);随青春期发育程度的升高,零食和含糖饮料的摄入频率逐渐增高(男生H值分别为43.97,44.27,女生H值分别为29.47,42.90,P值均<0.01).结论 儿童青少年的饮食行为习惯可能与青春期发育相关,但仍需进一步确证.     

绍兴初中女生超重肥胖与月经初潮年龄提前的相关分析

分析初中女生超重肥胖与初潮年龄之间的关系,为制定初潮年龄提前的干预措施提供依据.方法 整群抽取绍兴市2所初中1 505名女生进行体格检查和月经初潮情况问卷调查,采用x2检验、t检验、多因素Logistic回归模型等分析超重肥胖与初潮年龄提前之间的关联性.结果 初中女生月经来潮检出率为86.6%(1 303/1 505),初潮平均年龄为(12.36±0.92)岁.消瘦、正常、超重、肥胖者月经来潮检出率分别为65.0%,88.2%,96.7%,100.0%,差异有统计学意义(x2=61.18,P<0.01),其初潮平均年龄分别为(12.93±0.85) (12.34±0.91) (12.15±0.91) (11.81±0.85)岁,差异有统计学意义(F=19.41,P<0.01).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,超重、肥胖是初潮年龄提前的危险因素(OR值分别为1.79,2.27,P值均<0.05),而消瘦则是保护因素(OR=0.23,P<0.05).结论 初中女生月经初潮年龄与身体脂肪含量密切相关,应加强对青春期女生超重肥胖的干预力度.     

中国7～17岁青春期女生月经初潮较早与血压水平的关系

目的 分析中国7～17岁女生青春期月经初潮较早与血压水平的关系.方法 从2010年全国学生体质与健康调研资料中,选择体测项目(身高、体重、血压等)、月经初潮史等资料记录完整的7～17岁女生作为研究对象,共76 869名.采用概率单位回归法计算女生月经初潮年龄的第10百分位数(P10)概率界值,月经初潮出现年龄小于其对应的界值定义为初潮时间较早,按城乡、年龄进行1∶2匹配未来初潮者,初潮较早者和未来潮者分别作为初潮较早组和未来潮组,收缩压或舒张压大于其对应的同年龄第95百分位数(P95)值定义为“收缩压或舒张压偏高”,收缩压和(或)舒张压大于其对应的同年龄P95值定义为“血压偏高”.采用x2检验分析已来潮和未来潮女生血压偏高检出率的差异,并用多水平模型分析初潮较早与血压水平的关系.结果 76 869名女生身高为(152.2±10.4)cm,BMI为(18.7±3.1) kg/m2,收缩压和舒张压值分别为(103.4±11.0) mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa)和(65.0±9.1) mm Hg,已来潮女生有47 942名(62.4％),未来潮女生有28 927名(37.6％).女生9岁开始出现月经初潮,13岁时有81.5％(7123/8736)的女生已出现月经来潮.11岁组、12岁组、13岁组已来潮女生血压偏高的检出率分别为6.71％ (100/1490)、5.99％(265/4423) 、5.38％(383/7123),明显高于同龄未来潮女生的3.78％ (265/7005)、3.33％ (144/4328)、4.09％(66/1613),差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为25.62、32.36、4.46,P值均＜0.05).初潮较早者年龄在9～11岁,其中11岁组血压偏高、收缩压偏高、舒张压偏高的检出率分别为6.08％ (49/806)、4.84％(39/806)、3.35％ (27/806),明显高于同年龄未来潮组的3.11％ (50/1607)、2.30％(37/1607)、1.43％ (23/1607),差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为12.02、11.32、9.74,P值均＜0.01).多水平模型分析显示,在控制了不同省(自治区、直辖市)和年龄后,初潮较早者血压偏高的检出率仍然高于同龄未来潮者[OR =2.188(95％ CI:1.254～3.818)],其中初潮较早者收缩压和舒张压偏高的检出率均高于同龄未来潮者[OR(95％ CI)值分别为1.925(1.097～3.379)、2.088(1.072 ～4.065)].结论 月经初潮较早可能与血压升高有关联,可能会导致我国儿童青少年血压升高的年龄进一步提前.     

中国9～18岁少数民族女生月经初潮与形态发育关系研究

目的了解我国9~18岁少数民族女生月经初潮年龄及与形态发育之间的关系,为研究少数民族女生生长发育规律和开展青春期教育提供依据。方法利用2005年全国学生体质健康调研数据,对蒙、回、壮、朝鲜族9~18岁女生的月经初潮年龄、身高、体重、胸围和BM I等指标进行比较和统计检验。结果 2005年蒙、回、壮和朝鲜族女生月经初潮年龄分别为12.78,13.28,12.71,12.35岁。18岁组蒙、回、壮和朝鲜族女生身高分别为159.0,159.0,155.1和157.5 cm,体重分别为54.7,53.3,47.6和52.3 kg,胸围分别为78.7,78.8,75.7和79.4 cm。11~14岁已来潮女生形态发育情况要好于未来潮女生(P值均<0.01)。结论朝鲜族女生月经初潮年龄早于蒙、回、壮族,蒙古族和回族女生成年身高较高,月经初潮与形态发育关系密切。     

The factors affecting the relation between the menarcheal age of mother and daughter

BACKGROUND: Menarche is one of the most important biologic signals in the life of a woman. Menarche is a biological variable which has a significant genotypic component in girls. In recent years, many studies reporting the earlier onset of menarche owing to the improvement of socio-economic conditions have been published. DESIGN: We asked some questions about menarche to 1017 female students studying in the high schools of Manisa region in order to determine the menarcheal age and the correlation of menarcheal age between the mothers and daughters in our region. RESULTS: The mean age at menarche for the girls was 12.82+/-1.07 years and for the mothers was 13.6+/-1.39 years. The mean menarcheal age of the mothers was higher than the mean menarcheal age of the girls (P<0.001). This difference persisted independent of the socio-economic status, nutritional state and physical activity of the girls. There was a significant correlation between the menarcheal age of the girls and their mothers (r=0.262, P<0.001). This correlation existed in all the girls with different socio-economic status, nutritional state and physical activity. However, this correlation disappeared in girls with body mass index (BMI)>25 (r=0.04, P=0.813). In girls with BMI<25, there was a correlation between the menarcheal age of the girls and mothers (r=0.282, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the menarche occurs earlier in the daughters than their mothers. The correlation between the menarcheal age of the girls and their mothers persists under all circumstances except in obesity. The mother's menarcheal age is a good predictor of the daughter's menarcheal age in non-obese girls and the BMI is an important factor.     

Socio-demographic Factors Associated with Body Mass Index of Female Adolescent Students in Semnan City, Iran

Malnutrition among adolescents is not only an important health problem but also an economic development problem in Iran and other developing countries. The home environment is found to be related to the development of malnutrition in children. Information on this relationship is important to identify the target risk groups for nutritional intervention. The objective of this study was to determine the association between socio-demographics with BMI status in high school adolescent girls in Semnan. In a cross- sectional study, using two-stage random sampling, 256 girl students aged 14-18 years were randomly selected from eight Semnan high schools. Weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated. Weight status was determined based on the CDC 2000 reference for BMI-for-age. Data on socio-demographic factors like age, age at menarche, family size, parental education, parental job and economic status was collected through a questionnaire. Age at menarche and mother's literacy had significant association with weight status (P =0.031, P =0.001 respectively). Logistic regression analyses showed mother's literacy and age at menarche were strong predictors for overweight but not for under weight. Increasing maternal nutritional knowledge is necessary to initiate changes in nutritional conduct. In addition, a longitudinal study of adolescent nutrition and its associated factors is suggested.     

广西汉、壮族女生性发育半纵向调查研究

目的了解广西汉、壮族女生性发育水平和速度,比较两民族女生性发育规律和特点,为开展女生青春期保健工作提供参考依据。方法采用半纵向调查研究法,分别抽取汉、壮族女生7、10、13岁3个年龄组各60人,于2013年起每年一次进行性发育水平检测,连续3年。以概率单位回归法计算乳房、阴毛开始发育和月经初潮的平均年龄。结果汉、壮族女生乳房开始发育年龄分别为10.31岁和9.43岁,阴毛开始发育年龄为11.96岁和11.07岁,月经初潮平均年龄为12.45和11.89岁,各项的民族间差异皆有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论壮族女生性发育起始年龄早于汉族,两民族女生性发育顺序相同,均为乳房→阴毛→月经初潮。     

Age at menarche and first pregnancy among psychosocially at-risk adolescents

We sought to determine which factors influence the association between menarche and conception among adolescent study participants (n = 1030), who demonstrated an earlier age of menarche than did national samples. Age at first sexual intercourse (coitarche) mediated the relationship between age at menarche and first pregnancy among White girls, whereas gynecologic age at coitarche (age at coitarche minus age at menarche) and age at menarche explained the timing of the first pregnancy among Black and Hispanic girls. Pregnancy prevention interventions to delay coitarche should also include reproductive education and contraception.     

广州市960名三至六年级小学生生死态度在死亡概念与生活质量间的中介效应

了解小学生死亡概念、生死态度与生活质量现状以及三者之间的关系,为儿童青少年的心理健康干预提供依据.方法 采用方便整群抽样方法,使用死亡概念量表、生死态度量表和儿童少年生活质量量表在广州市天河区及白云区各抽取1所小学三至六年级960名学生进行问卷调查,构建结构方程模型分析变量间的直接与间接效应.结果 三至六年级小学生死亡概念总均分为(13.24±2.78)分,生死态度量表总均分为(75.28±12.21)分,生活质量总均分为(144.85±18.60)分.路径分析显示,模型拟合良好(x2/df=6.489,TLI=0.900,CFI=0.935,RMSEA=0.076,SRMR=0.041),死亡概念对生死态度具有正向影响(P<0.05),而对生活质量的影响无统计学意义(P>0.05);生死态度对生活质量具有正向影响(P<0.05),生死态度在死亡概念与生活质量间起完全中介作用(效应值为0.03,95%CI为0.003~ 0.057,P<0.05).结论 三至六年级小学生的死亡概念认知较好,生死态度和生活质量处于中等水平,死亡概念通过生死态度对生活质量产生间接影响.小学阶段可通过生死教育提升儿童的死亡认知,促进形成积极的生死态度,从而提高儿童青少年的生活质量.     

Psychosocial risk and correlates of early menarche in Mexican-American girls

Mexican-American girls have one of the fastest rates of decline in age at menarche. To date, no study has addressed the role of psychosocial factors on age at menarche in this population. Using data from a longitudinal cohort of Mexican-American girls from the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area recruited in 2005, the authors investigated associations between family life and socioeconomic environment and age at menarche in 523 girls. After adjusting for maternal age at menarche, daughter's age, and body mass index at baseline, perception of family life environment as conflict-prone was significantly associated with an earlier age at menarche (< 11 years). Additionally, there was a 2-fold higher risk (odds ratio = 2.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.12, 4.40) of early menarche among daughters of mothers who were single parents compared with those who were not. Furthermore, girls who matured early had a 2.5-fold increased risk (odds ratio = 2.69, 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 6.96) of experimenting with cigarettes compared with those who had an average-to-late age at menarche (≥ 11 years). This study provides important information regarding the role of family life environment and single parenting on age at menarche in Mexican Americans. Awareness of the impact of the family life environment and fathers' absence during the early years should be emphasized when addressing early age at menarche across cultures.     

蛋白质及动物性食物摄入对中国女童初潮年龄的前瞻性影响

  目的  探讨初潮前蛋白质及动物性食物摄入对中国女童初潮年龄的前瞻性影响,为预防中国女童初潮年龄提前提供科学依据。  方法  利用1997—2015年“中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)”数据库的数据,选取初潮年龄、身高、体重、家庭人均年收入、母亲文化程度信息完整且初潮前1~4年内至少具有1次完整膳食调查数据的683名≥6岁女童作为研究对象。按城乡分层,采用多重线性回归模型分别分析初潮前蛋白质及动物性食物摄入对中国城市和农村女童初潮年龄的前瞻性影响。  结果  调整总能量摄入、体质量指数标准差评分和家庭人均年收入后,初潮前肉类摄入量与农村女童初潮年龄呈负相关(B=-0.003,P=0.00),与城市女童初潮年龄无相关(B=0.001,P>0.05),而初潮前总蛋白质、乳类、蛋类和水产类摄入量与城市和农村女童初潮年龄均无相关(B值分别为0.002,-0.001,0.003,0.000;0.001,0.001,-0.001,-0.003,P值均>0.05)。  结论  初潮前肉类摄入较多可能会导致中国农村女童初潮发生较早,而总蛋白质、乳类、蛋类和水产类摄入可能对中国女童初潮年龄无影响。     

汉族女孩月经初潮年龄与生长发育的关系

目的:探讨月经初潮年龄与人体形态、机能、素质指标的相关关系,为采取干预措施和健康教育提供理论依据。方法:从文献中收集2005年全国30个省市汉族女生的生长发育指标共15项,对所有生长发育指标与汉族女生月经初潮年龄进行简单相关分析和多重线性回归分析。结果:在简单相关分析中,有5个因素与月经初潮年龄相关,其中有2个因素进入多重线性回归分析中,分别是体重和握力。结论:汉族女生的部分生长发育指标与青春期发育密切相关。     

Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Early Menarche of Adolescent Girls in Seoul

Objectives

The object of this study was to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and early menarche in adolescent girls in Seoul.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted with 144 middle school students in Seoul who provided informed consent. We measured their body composition, and used the questionnaire survey method for data collection from November to December 2008. Past elemental body composition data were collected from elementary school health records of first year of middle school.

Results

The early menarcheal group was taller and heavier than the late menarcheal group (p<0.05 from 8-12 years old). The body fat percentage (%), BMI were higher in the early menarcheal girls than the late-menarcheal girls (p<0.05, age at 13). In the result of multiple logistic regression, the BMI at the age of 8 and 9 was associated with early menarche after adjusting for birth weight, breast feeding and age at menarche of the mother (BMI at the age of 8: p for trend=0.01, BMI at the age of 9: p for trend=0.04). An increase in BMI from 7 to 8 year was associated with early menarche after adjusting for birth weight, breast feeding, age at menarche of the mother (p for trend=0.048).

Conclusions

The BMI at the age of 8 and 9 was associated with the early menarche of girls and increase in BMI from 7 to 8 year was associated with the early menarche of girls. These results suggest that BMI and increase in BMI before menarche cause early menarche. Although this study does not represent all Korean adolescent girls, it is one of the few studies that have investigated the temporal relationship between BMI and early menarche.