综合干预对肥胖男性青少年血管生成素样蛋白2和血管内皮功能的影响

目的 观察运动结合饮食控制的综合干预方案对肥胖男性青少年血管生成素样蛋白2(angiopoietin-likeprotem 2,ANGPTL2)和血管内皮功能的影响,为运动降低肥胖男性青少年心血管疾病风险提供理论依据.方法 选取42名肥胖男性青少年和10名健康男性青少年分别为实验组和对照组,对实验组青少年开展6周运动结...     

不同类型抗阻训练对男大学生体成分及骨密度的影响比较

比较不同类型的抗阻训练对男性大学生上肢体成分、最大力量和骨密度的影响效果,为大学生选取合理的抗阻训练方式提供参考.方法 按照自愿原则,选取上海师范大学42名受试者随机分为最大力量组(maximumstrength group,MS组)12名、快速力量组(speed-strength group,SS组)15名和力量耐力组(strength-endurance group,SE组)15名,进行为期6周,每周2次的抗阻训练.实验前后,采用递增负荷的方法测定受试者最大力量以制定训练方案,采用双能X射线吸收扫描仪进行上肢体成分、骨密度等指标的测量.结果 经6周持续力量抗阻训练,上肢最大力量随训练时间提高,SE组增长更快[训练前后分别为(51.00±4.81) (67.20±5.66)(76.87±6.21) kg];SS组和SE组体脂率下降[训练前后分别为(13.50±4.10)%,(12.60±2.80)%;(13.70±3.80)%,(12.70±3.10)%;t值分别为2.35,2.30,P值均<0.05],上肢瘦体重(LM)升高[训练前后分别为(5.19±0.59)(5.86±0.61);(5.27±0.72) (6.21±0.59) kg](t值分别为-2.48,-2.94,P值均<0.05),训练前后MS组的体脂率[(14.0±3.3)%,(13.6±2.3)%]和上肢LM[(5.33±0.81) (5.41±0.79) kg]差异无统计学意义(t值分别为0.31,-0.22,P值均>0.05).训练后各组受试者上肢骨矿物质含量(BMC)和骨密度(BMD)均升高,但仅有SS组和SE组与训练前比较,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为-3.07,-2.43,P值均<0.05).结论 对男大学生进行力量耐力抗阻训练更能有效促进肌力增长、提高骨密度和改善上肢体成分.     

天津8~1O岁肥胖男童精细动作发展特点分析

了解8~10岁男性儿童精细动作能力随年龄增长的变化特点,为针对性改善肥胖儿童的运动能力和心理健康提供科学的理论依据.方法 选取天津市北辰区办学规模相当的2所普通小学的252名8~10岁男性儿童参加本研究,按照体质量指数(BMI)分为肥胖组(126人,8,9,10岁各42人)和正常体重组(126人,8,9,10岁各42人).所有受试者均进行插入钢针和移动钢针测试以评定其精细动作能力.结果 正常体重组中,不同年龄段儿童移动钢针时间差异有统计学意义(P=0.019),插钢针时间的差异无统计学意义(P=0.068),正常体重儿童的精细动作能力随年龄增长呈增加趋势.在肥胖组中,不同年龄段肥胖儿童插钢针(P=0.574)和移钢针时间(P=0.502)差异无统计学意义.同年龄肥胖组与正常组比较,3个年龄段肥胖组儿童插入钢针时间和移动钢针时间均慢于正常体重组(P值均<0.05).结论 8~10岁正常体重儿童的精细动作发展表现为随年龄增长而提高,肥胖儿童的精细动作发展较慢,未表现随年龄增长的特点.和同龄正常体重儿童相比,肥胖儿童的精细动作能力全面落后.     

单纯性肥胖对心血管系统的影响

单纯性肥胖是心血血管疾病的危险因素，肥胖症伴高血流动力学状态，心肌质量显著增加，心脏收缩、舒张功能不全。肥胖的其他病理生理改变，如凝血机制异常，β肾上腺素能受体密度下调，均与心功能受损有明显相关性。本文就单纯肥胖对心血管系统影响的研究作一简单综述。     

中高强度运动对肥胖女大学生身体成分及心血管功能指标的影响

目的比较12周高强度间歇运动(HIIT)和中等强度连续运动(MICT)对肥胖女大学生身体成分、动脉僵硬度(cf PWV)和血清抵抗素水平的影响,为改善肥胖大学生的心血管健康水平以及寻求更好的减肥方法提供理论依据。方法将晋中学院37名肥胖女大学生随机分为HIIT组(19名)和MICT组(18名)。HIIT组及MICT组分别进行12周(5次/周)运动干预,所有受试者在实验前、后测试身体成分指标及血清抵抗素水平,通过测量颈-股脉搏波速度(cf PWV)评估动脉僵硬度。结果 12周HIIT和MICT均能降低肥胖女大学生体重、体质量指数(BMI)、身体脂肪量及躯干脂肪量(P值均<0.05),只有HIIT使cf PWV及血清抵抗素水平降低,肌肉量增加(P值均<0.01)。与MICT组比较,HIIT组干预后躯干脂肪量、cf PWV及抵抗素水平均下降,肌肉量增加(t值分别为2.19,6.02,2.64,-2.76,P值均<0.01),且HIIT干预前后血清抵抗素降低的变化量与躯干脂肪量及cf PWV降低变化量呈正相关,与肌肉量增加呈负相关(r值分别为0.52,0.56,-0.65,P...     

高强度间歇训练对超重肥胖女大学生减脂效果的Meta分析

  目的  系统评价高强度间歇训练(high-intensity interval training,HIIT)对超重肥胖女大学生体重、身体成分的干预效果,以期为超重肥胖大学生选择HIIT方法提供理论依据。  方法  计算机检索PubMed、the Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase、CNKI、CBM、VIP、WanFang Data数据库中有关HIIT对超重肥胖女大学生体重、身体成分的随机对照试验,检索期年限从各数据库收录起始年限至2020年12月14日,根据纳入和排除标准进行文献筛选,并对纳入文献进行方法学质量评价、Meta分析及发表偏倚检验。  结果  共纳入20个随机对照试验,中等质量研究14篇。Meta分析结果显示,HIIT能显著减轻超重肥胖女大学生体重(MD=-4.22,95%CI=-7.20~-1.25,P＜0.01);改善体脂率(MD=-5.31,95%CI=-6.88~-3.73,P＜0.01)、体质量指数(BMI)(MD=-2.11,95%CI=-2.65~-1.56,P＜0.01)、全身脂肪量(MD=-3.66,95%CI=-4.89~-2.43,P＜0.01)、腹部脂肪量(MD=-0.31,95%CI=-0.47~-0.15,P＜0.01)、躯干脂肪量(MD=-2.15,95%CI=-2.86~-1.44,P＜0.01),对瘦体重(MD=0.42,95%CI=-0.94~1.78,P=0.55)影响无统计学意义。  结论  HIIT能显著减轻超重和肥胖女大学生的体重,改善其身体成分,可为超重和肥胖女大学生进行长期的HIIT提供可靠依据。     

某中学569名初中男生外生殖器异常情况调查

为掌握青少年青春期外生殖器官异常情况,让患有外生殖器异常的青少年能得到及时治疗,以顺利度过青春发育期,上海市姚连生中学于1993年和1999年对男生进行了外生殖器官异常情况调查,报道如下。1对象与方法1.1对象为1993年4月姚连生中学初二年级(14~16岁)107名男生和1999年3月预备班至初二年级(11~15岁)男生462名。1.2方法由上海市男子性功能康复中心的专科医生按统一标准逐一进行检查。先作外生殖器(包括阴茎、阴囊及阴囊内容物)静态检查,发现异常再用男性外生殖器检查仪及扇型B超仪作动态复查,对前列腺、睾丸体积、积液等进行测定,并作激素…     

初中二年级男生体质运动教育干预效果分析

当前对于学生体质测试和研究主要侧重于人体形态结构、生理功能、心理因素、身体素质、运动能力等方面的单独研究或不同地域民族的横向对比、不同时间阶段的纵向对比。且各项测试指标也已经相当完善成熟,各个项目的研究也已经深入具体,并取得了丰硕的研究成果。学校体育尤其是运动教育大多数探讨的是形态结构、生理功能上的健康。通过对上海市某校初二年级男生实施3个月的运动教育干预,分析研究学生形态、机能、素质的纵向关联性变化,对运动教育干预模     

宁夏2019年11~18岁男生营养状况与首次遗精的相关性

  目的  探索2019年宁夏地区11~18岁男生肥胖与首次遗精的相关性,为肥胖与青春期发育相关研究提供理论依据。  方法  采用分层随机整群抽样方法,于2019年选取宁夏回族自治区银川市、中卫市、吴忠市、固原市11~18岁男生5 240名,提取调查数据中身高、体重及是否发生首次遗精3个指标,计算体质量指数(BMI)来判断营养状况,采用χ2检验比较各营养状况组间差异;用概率单位回归法计算半数遗精年龄,运用U检验比较城乡组间半数遗精年龄的差异。  结果  2019年宁夏回族自治区11~18岁男生超重和肥胖率分别为15.5%和8.8%,城市男生超重肥胖检出率分别为17.8%和10.5%,乡村男生分别为12.9%和6.9%。11~18岁城市男生半数遗精年龄为14.94岁,乡村男生半数遗精年龄为15.33岁(P < 0.01)。根据营养状况分组后,消瘦组、正常体重组、超重组和肥胖组男生半数遗精年龄依次为15.61,15.10,15.05,15.05岁。  结论  宁夏地区男生营养状况与首次遗精年龄无关,但营养状况与青春期发育的关系仍需进一步探索。     

循环训练对肥胖女大学生身体成分体适能和代谢综合征危险因素的影响

目的探讨12周循环训练对肥胖女大学生身体成分、体适能以及代谢综合征危险因素的影响,为针对肥胖女大学生相应干预措施的制定提供参考。方法将某高校60名肥胖女大学生随机分为对照组和运动组各30名。对照组保持日常生活习惯不变,运动组进行3次/周、共12周的循环训练。分别于干预前后测定身体成分[身高、体重、体质量指数(BMI)、体脂百分比(percentage of body fat,PBF)和瘦体重(lean body mass,LBM)]、健康体适能(背肌力量、仰卧起坐、坐位体前屈和1 600 m跑成绩)和代谢综合征危险因素[腰围(waist circumference,WC)、空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)]相关参数。结果与干预前比较,干预后运动组体重...     

Knee extension strength in obese and nonobese male adolescents

The aim of the present study was to compare "absolute" and "relative" knee extension strength between obese and nonobese adolescents. Ten nonobese and 12 severely obese adolescent boys of similar chronological age, maturity status, and height were compared. Total body and regional soft tissue composition were determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Knee extensors maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) torque was measured using an isometric dynamometer at a knee angle of 60° (0° is full extension). Absolute MVC torque was significantly higher in obese adolescents than in controls. However, although MVC torque expressed per unit of body mass was found to be significantly lower in obese adolescent boys, no significant difference in MVC torque was found between groups when normalized to fat-free mass. Conversely, when correcting for thigh lean mass and estimated thigh muscle mass, MVC torque was significantly higher in the obese group (17.9% and 22.2%, respectively; P <0.05). To conclude, our sample of obese adolescent boys had higher absolute and relative knee extension strength than our nonobese controls. However, further studies are required to ascertain whether or not relative strength, measured with more accurate in vivo methods such as magnetic resonance imaging, is higher in obese adolescents than in nonobese controls.     

Impact of aggressive assigment performance on the autonomic nervous systems in adolescents

Impact of aggressive assignment performance on cardiac rhythm was studied in adolescents, by taking into account permanent aggressiveness and autonomic tendency in the examinees. The adolescents with high baseline aggressiveness were found to have a lower Kerdo autonomic index while the latter was not observed in those with low baseline aggressiveness. Aggressive computer games have been ascertained to have no negative impact and to have a beneficial effect on the adolescents' psychoemotional sphere.     

Effects of work stress and home stress on autonomic nervous function in Japanese male workers

Autonomic imbalance is one of the important pathways through which psychological stress contributes to cardiovascular diseases/sudden death. Although previous studies have focused mainly on stress at work (work stress), the association between autonomic function and stress at home (home stress) is still poorly understood. The purpose was to clarify the effect of work/home stress on autonomic function in 1,809 Japanese male workers. We measured corrected QT (QTc) interval and QT index on the electrocardiogram along with blood pressure and heart rate. Participants provided self-reported information about the presence/absence of work/home stress and the possible confounders affecting QT indicators. Home stress was related positively to QT index (p=0.040) after adjusting for the possible confounders, though work stress did not show a significant relation to QTc interval or QT index. The odds ratio of home stress to elevated QT index (≥105) was 2.677 (95% CI, 1.050 to 6.822). Work/home stress showed no significant relation to blood pressure or heart rate. These findings suggest that autonomic imbalance, readily assessed by QT indicators, can be induced by home stress in Japanese workers. Additional research is needed to identify different types of home stress that are strongly associated with autonomic imbalance.     

Responses of workers exposed to vibration in autonomic nervous function tests

Heart rate variation in quiet breathing and deep breathing tests and the response of blood pressure in a cold pressor test were measured in 34 railway workers and 13 lumberjacks. The age-adjusted results showed a significant relationship between exposure to hand-arm vibration and the coefficient of beat-to-beat variation in the quiet breathing test (CVS) in the railway workers. The vibration-induced white finger (VWF) and non-VWF subjects showed non-significant differences in respect of all the indices used. This investigation, in common with previous results, suggests that vibration might cause changes in cardiovascular reflexes, but the indices used here seem to be of low sensitivity, at least partially due to wide physiological variation; other more suitable indicators and studies of the pathophysiological background of the suspected effect are needed to confirm the results.     

铝电解工神经行为、自主神经功能的改变

为探讨职业性铝接触对作业工人神经系统功能的损害 ,采用世界卫生组织推荐的神经行为测试组合 (NCTB)以及EwingDJ推荐的自主神经功能测试组合对铝厂电解车间 3 2名工人和 3 4名无职业性接触的面粉厂扛包工进行测试。结果表明 :铝电解工人的消极情感困惑 -迷茫和紧张 -焦虑的得分较对照组明显增加 ;而愤怒 -敌意、忧郁 -沮丧、疲惫 -惰性和有力 -好动的得分没有明显改变。数字译码数和目标追踪的打点数比对照组降低 ,而数字广度、提转捷度和视觉保留时的得分两组未见显著性差异。自主神经功能测试中反映副交感神经调节功能的R R间隔的变化能力降低。提示电解接触铝对作业工人的情感状态、神经行为和副交感神经的调节功能均产生了明显的负面影响     

肥胖青少年心脏与颈部血管超声检查结果分析

目的观察肥胖青少年与正常青少年心脏超声和颈部血管超声的差异,了解肥胖对青少年心脏及血管功能的影响.方法对27名单纯肥胖青少年和23名正常青少年分别进行心脏超声和颈部血管超声检查.结果肥胖组左房内径和室间隔厚度高于正常组（P＜0.05）,左室后壁厚度2组差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.肥胖组右颈外动脉舒张末流速高于对照组,2组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,其他指标差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论肥胖可以导致心脏及颈部血管发生一定程度的变化,早期防治肥胖有助于预防动脉粥样硬化性心脑血管疾病的发生.     

Oxygen uptake and energy output during walking of obese male and female adolescents

Oxygen uptake and steady-rate energy output of 7 obese male and 13 obese female adolescents (greater than 178% ideal body weight) walking at four different speeds (1.167, 1.5667, 1.7833, and 2.125 m/s) were studied. Body composition was measured by hydrostatic weighing, and steady-rate energy output by open circuit spirometry. Energy output was expressed as kJ/min (kcal/min) and indexed to body mass and fat-free mass. A 2-by-4 ANOVA (sex by speed) revealed significant differences in the energy output between the speed conditions. There was no significant difference between the sexes. A nonlinear increase in calorie output with increasing speed indicated a decreasing efficiency with increasing speed of walking. Possible reasons include biomechanical factors such as increased upper-body forward lean needed to maintain balance at faster speeds of movement, increased energy output due to increased inertia, extra energy output needed to accelerate the limbs and torso, and increased body fat.     

六分钟步行训练对慢性心力衰竭患者自主神经功能的影响

【摘要】目的探讨6min步行训练对慢性心力衰竭患者自主神经功能的影响。方法选择80例心功能Ⅱ-Ⅲ级的慢性心力衰竭患者,按随机数字表法分为训练组（40例）和对照组（40例）,两组均行常规抗心力衰竭药物治疗,训练组在原治疗基础上坚持每天2次行6min步行训练,检测两组治疗前后心功能指标、心率变异性（HRV）及心率减速力（DC）的变化。结果训练组和对照组治疗后心功能明显改善（P〈0．05）,HRV各项指标及DC均明显高于治疗前（P〈0．05）;治疗后训练组HRV各项指标及DC明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论6min步行训练能明显改善心力衰竭患者自主神经功能。