Expression of ABH blood group antigens, Ulex europaeus agglutinin I, and type IV collagen in the sinusoids of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The expression of blood group antigens (A, B, H, Lewis(a) and Lewis(b)), Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I), factor VIII-related antigen, and type IV collagen on the sinusoids was examined immunohistochemically in 15 cases of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), 11 cases of cirrhosis, 12 cases of chronic active hepatitis, and in a control sample of 16 normal livers. Sinusoidal endothelial cells of HCC characteristically showed a diffuse and strong immunoreactivity to ABH blood group antigens in the specimen with a comparable ABO blood group. The sinusoidal endothelial cells were also diffusely and strongly positive for UEA-I receptors. In contrast, in cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis a few sinusoidal endothelial cells were positive for ABH blood group antigens and UEA-I receptors. In normal livers, only a few sinusoidal endothelial cells were positive for ABH blood group antigens and UEA-1 receptors. Tests for factor VIII-related antigen and Lewis blood group antigens were almost negative on sinusoidal endothelial cells. Although type IV collagen was distributed diffusely in the space of Disse in these four groups, its expression was strongest in HCC. Blood vessels of portal tracts and fibrous septa were positive for ABH blood group antigens, UEA-1 receptors, factor VIII-related antigen, and type IV collagen, but negative for Lewis blood group antigens. These findings suggest that some sinusoidal endothelial cells undergo "capillarization" in cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis, and that the majority of sinusoidal endothelial cells of HCC have phenotypic characteristics of capillaries.     

Morule with biotin-containing intranuclear inclusions in thyroid carcinoma

One thousand and sixty cases of thyroid carcinoma were reviewed to compare morules with squamous metaplasia clinicopathologically and immunohistochemically. Morules and squamous metaplasia were found in five (0.47%) and 32 cases (3.0%) respectively. The five patients with morules were all female (age 20–36 years) including four with papillary carcinoma and one with follicular carcinoma. The 32 patients with squamous metaplasia consisted of 30 females and 2 males (age 14–78 years), all of whom had papillary carcinoma except for one follicular carcinoma. The morules demonstrated characteristic 'optically clear nuclei' (OCN), which ultrastructurally showed filamentous structures in the nuclei. The OCN were immunohistochemically demonstrated to contain intranuclear biotin. Furthermore, the morule often accompanied with the OCN was positive for Ulex Europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I) but negative for bovine muzzle epidermal keratin (EK). On the contrary, squamous metaplasia unaccompanied with the OCN was negative for UEA-I, but positive for EK. Follow-up information revealed that one of the five patients with morules had died of the disease, one was alive with pulmonary metastasis, and three were disease-free. Eight of 32 patients with squamous metaplasia had died of the disease; of the others who were alive, four patients have had recurrence.     

Lymphocytotoxic definition of combined ABH and Lewis antigens and their transfer from Sera to lymphocytes

Analysis of lymphocytotoxic reactions with peripheral blood lymphocytes from 74 donors, typed for ABO, secretor, and Lewis phenotypes, identified clusters of reactions distinguishing six antigens resulting from the interactions of Lewis, secretor, and ABO systems: Lea, Leb, ALed, BLed, ALeb, and BLeb. In these experiments, Led on O lymphocytes and Lec were not detected as expected from the experience of other authors with A antigen, B and Leb were detected only on the lymphocytes of ABH secretors, demonstrating that all the ABH antigens of lymphocytes are controlled by the secretor system as are the ABH antigens in external secretions. The ABH and Lewis antigens identified on lymphocytes could be transferred in vitro to lymphocytes, cultured for 2 to 7 days at 37 degrees C in the serum of donors of selected ABO, Lewis, and secretor phenotypes, confirming that ABH and Lewis antigens are not synthesized by lymphocytes but are acquired from circulation as are the Lewis antigens on erythrocytes. As expected, the HLA antigens of lymphocytes were not modified after culture.     

HISTOCHEMICAL COMPARISON OF SPECIFICITY OF THREE BOWEL CARCINOMA-REACTIVE LECTINS, GRIFFONIA SIMPLICIFOLIA AGGLUTININ-II, PEANUT AGGLUTININ and ULEX EUROPAEUS AGGLUTININ-I

A comparison of the histochemical affinities of three lectins reputedly specific to human large bowel carcinoma, namely Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin-II (GSA-II), peanut agglutinin (PNA) and Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I), was done using 28 specimens in which normal mucosa, adenoma and carcinoma tissue were present and in contact with each other. In the normal mucosa, GSA-II and PNA revealed only weak affinity to the Golgi region of epithelial cells, whereas UEA-I showed binding to the apical surface of columnar cells and goblet cell mucins, especially in the right colon. Adenoma was characterized by relatively intense reactivity of the Golgi regions of epithelial cells for GSA-II and PNA as well as reactivity of the apical surface of the columnar cells for UEA-I. In carcinomas the apical surface of columnar cell-type tumor cells was stained most intensely with UEA-I, and then in descending order with GSA-II and PNA. GSA-II- and PNA-reactive carcinoma cells occurred more frequently in invasive carcinoma than in intramucosal carcinoma. Goblet cell-type tumor cells retained the properties of their normal counterparts. Staining with these lectins, especially GSA-II-horseradish peroxidase, might be helpful in the identification of carcinoma cells and for analysis of carcinoma-associated antigens.     

Histochemical comparison of specificity of three bowel carcinoma-reactive lectins, Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin-II, peanut agglutinin and Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I

A comparison of the histochemical affinities of three lectins reputedly specific to human large bowel carcinoma, namely Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin-II (GSA-II), peanut agglutinin (PNA) and Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I), was done using 28 specimens in which normal mucosa, adenoma and carcinoma tissue were present and in contact with each other. In the normal mucosa, GSA-II and PNA revealed only weak affinity to the Golgi region of epithelial cells, whereas UEA-I showed binding to the apical surface of columnar cells and goblet cell mucins, especially in the right colon. Adenoma was characterized by relatively intense reactivity of the Golgi regions of epithelial cells for GSA-II and PNA as well as reactivity of the apical surface of the columnar cells for UEA-I. In carcinomas the apical surface of columnar cell-type tumor cells was stained most intensely with UEA-I, and then in descending order with GSA-II and PNA. GSA-II- and PNA-reactive carcinoma cells occurred more frequently in invasive carcinoma than in intramucosal carcinoma. Goblet cell-type tumor cells retained the properties of their normal counterparts. Staining with these lectins, especially GSA-II-horseradish peroxidase, might be helpful in the identification of carcinoma cells and for analysis of carcinoma-associated antigens.     

Expression of ABH, Lewis and related tissue antigens in the human thymus

Expression of ABH, Lewis and related antigens was studied in the thymus of children of known ABO, Lewis and secretor status using a panel of specific reagents. ABH and Lewis antigens partly under control of the secretor status were expressed on the Hassals' bodies and a large fraction of the medullary epithelial cells. The sialyl-Lea antigen was only present on some Hassals' bodies of Lewis-positive individuals. ABH but not Lewis antigens were also present on cortical epithelial cells but this was independent of the secretor status. The X, sialyl-X and Y antigens were only expressed on Hassals' bodies irrespective of the ABO, Lewis or secretor phenotype. Furthermore, the anti-X and sialyl-X antibodies labelled a subset of leucocytes of all the individuals tested. These results show that the genetic control of the expression of ABH and Lewis glycosidic tissue alloantigens in the thymus is different on cortical and medullary epithelial cells and stress the heterogeneity of the thymus epithelial cells.     

Expression of blood group antigens by normal bronchopulmonary tissues and common forms of pulmonary carcinomas.

The expression of ABH and Lewis antigens has been studied in a series of pulmonary carcinomas, in areas of squamous metaplasia, and in normal adjacent bronchopulmonary tissues by means of a panel of lectins and monoclonal antibodies. All respiratory epithelial cells can express antigens, with the exception of glandular serous cells. The expression of AB antigens is rather homogeneous, while Lewis antigens are expressed in a more irregular pattern, alternating positively stained cells with negatively stained cells in the same microscopic field. The expression of blood group antigens allows the identification of residual pneumocytes inside the tumor and the proper classification of some neoplasms. Metaplastic areas show a variation in the staining profile when compared with normal tissues and pulmonary carcinomas. The most significant findings are the deletion of A antigen and the strong expression of Le antigen. Pulmonary carcinomas are composed by a heterogeneous population and tend to express antigens in the more differentiated cases or areas. The most important findings are the deletion of AB antigens and the strong expression of Le(y) antigen.     

Lectin I of ulex europaeus as a marker for a subset of histiocytic tumours of the lymph node

Summary We describe four lymph node based tumours in which numerous neoplastic cells and some mitotic figures were characterized by staining affinity for Lectin I of Ulex europaeus (UEA-I). The patients had no vascular or epithelial tumours and presented symptoms suggestive of a systemic lymphoproliferative disease. Histologically, the tumours were composed of large, cohesive, cells which were mainly located in the paracortex. UEA-I reactivity was more evident in the Golgi area and was present in large mononucleated cells often arranged to delimit vascular-like spaces. The neoplastic cells were weakly muramidase-positive in one case, and were ANAE+/AP + in two other cases. Large dots of UEA-I reactivity were detected in S-100+/muramidase-negative Langerhans-like cells present in one case of Letterer-Siwe disease. UEA-I staining was consistently negative in 20 cases of B cell- or T cell lymphoma and in 9 other cases of histiocytic lymphoma. It is suggested that UEA-I+ tumours of the lymph nodes are part of a distinct subset of histiocytic malignancies whose neoplastic cells present some morphological and phenotypic properties normally associated with endothelial cells.Supported by CNR contract N. 84.00440.44 Progetto Finalizzato Oncologia     

Immunohistochemical study of type-1 blood antigen expressions in thyroid tumors: the significance for papillary carcinomas.

Immunohistochemical expressions of type 1 blood group antigens were studied for 95 cases of thyroid tumors, including 29 follicular adenomas, 23 follicular carcinomas, and 43 papillary carcinomas, applying monoclonal antibodies against DU-PAN-2, CA19-9, Lewis(a) (Le(a)), and Lewis(b) (Le(b)). Normal thyroid tissue invariably failed to express all four antigens. In follicular adenomas, DU-PAN-2 and CA19-9 were focally expressed in 7% and 21% of cases, and in follicular carcinomas, CA19-9 expression was limited to one case (4%); all cases were negative for DU-PAN-2. No or little expression of Le(a) or Le(b) was observed in these follicular tumors. In contrast, DU-PAN-2, CA19-9, Le(a), and Le(b) were expressed in 98%, 84%, 33%, and 49% of 43 papillary carcinomas, respectively. The positive stainings were observed mainly on the luminal surface of the tumor cells. The number of tumor cells that expressed DU-PAN-2 generally was greater than that of tumor cells that expressed CA19-9, Le(a), or Le(b). There was no significant difference in antigen expressions in female papillary carcinomas between subjects who were younger and older than 50 years old. The results suggest that DU-PAN-2 would be a useful immunohistochemical marker for distinguishing papillary carcinomas from follicular tumors. These immunohistochemical profiles imply the following: the activity of alpha2-3 sialyltransferase, a specific glycosyltransferase, would be more strongly enhanced in papillary carcinomas than in follicular tumors; the antigen expressions in papillary carcinomas may not be related to the alteration of the female sex hormone environment.     

CA 50 and CA 19-9 antigen expression in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic thyroid tissue

The occurrence of the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens defined by the monoclonal antibodies (moabs) C 50 and 19-9 has been studied by immunoperoxidase staining of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from normal, hyperplastic, adenomatous, and carcinomatous thyroid tissues. Epithelial expression of these antigens was observed neither in normal nor in hyperplastic thyroid tissue. The antigens were expressed in only 1 of 26 follicular adenomas and the staining in this case was weak and restricted to a few cells. In contrast, the expression of this antigens is marked and progressive in carcinomatous tissues. A high proportion, 48 of 52 papillary carcinomas demonstrated C 50 reactivity, whereas 25 of these tumors expressed the CA 19-9 antigen. Of 25 follicular carcinomas, 15 gave a positive staining for the CA 50 and 6 for the CA 19-9 antigen. CA 50 antigen expression was still detected in tumor cells lacking the CA 19-9 antigen and C 50 reactive material was found in all tissue specimens from medullary carcinomas tested, whereas CA 19-9 antigen staining was consistently negative. This indicates that the moab C 50 which reacts, like the moab 19-9, with the sialylated Lewisa (Lea) blood group determinant also binds to other antigens apart from the sialylated Lea in CA 19-9 antigen negative tumor cells. Although, the functional significance of CA 50 and CA 19-9 antigen expression remains to be investigated, these results suggest that the demonstration of these antigens could provide additional differential diagnostic parameters for the characterization of hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the thyroid gland. Further clinical studies will show whether these carbohydrate antigens are useful serum markers for the monitoring of thyroid carcinomas.     

Biochemical characterization of a monoclonal antibody to the H type-2 antigen: comparison to other ABH antibodies

Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to the ABH blood group antigens were tested for their specificity to glycoproteins with ABH activity on immunoblots of solubilized erythrocyte membranes. Immunoblots were stained with monoclonal antibody G10 to the H type-2 carbohydrate structure or with commercially prepared monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to A, B, and H blood group antigens. G10 antibody specifically stained antigens in the regions that contain the erythrocyte membrane bands 3 and 4.5; the staining was proportional to the expected H content of the erythrocytes (O greater than A2 greater than B greater than A2B greater than A1 greater than A1B). No specific staining was observed with membranes derived from Oh (Bombay) erythrocytes which lack the H type-2 structure. A commercially prepared monoclonal anti-H did not specifically stain erythrocyte membrane antigens. Monoclonal and polyclonal anti-A specifically stained bands from A and AB but not O, B, or Oh erythrocytes (A1 greater than A1B greater than A2 greater than A2B). Polyclonal anti-B serum specifically stained bands from B and AB but not O, A, or Oh erythrocytes (B greater than A2B greater than A1B). However, no specific staining was observed in tests with monoclonal anti-B. Monoclonal antibodies G10 and anti-A and polyclonal anti-A and -B blood typing sera will be useful in the further characterization of the molecular nature of the ABH antigens.     

Lewis antigens in normal and neoplastic urothelium.

The Lewis (Lea and Leb) antigens are closely related to the A, B, H blood group antigens and have been demonstrated in several secretory epithelia, but their expression in nonsecretory cells has not been studied systematically. This report provides detailed data on the expression of Lea and Leb in normal and neoplastic urothelium. The authors have examined multiple biopsy specimens of normal bladder mucosa and transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) from 74 patients whose red blood cells (RBCs) were also typed for A, B, H, Lea, and Leb antigens and have correlated tissue antigen detectability with the RBC phenotype and the cytologic grade of malignancy. Antisera of human and animal sources were used in a modified red cell adherence test (RCA), and multiple controls were employed for determination of the specificity of the reactions. Both fresh-frozen and paraffin-processed tissues were examined from each patient. Paraffin processing as well as treatment with ethanol significantly suppressed the tissue reactions. Ninety-four percent of normal mucosa specimens and 73% of TCCs gave positive reactions with both anti-Lea and anti-Leb sera. Abnormal patterns of Lewis reactivity were observed in 43% of Grade III or IV and in 14% of Grade I or II TCCs. Although there was no direct correlation between A, B, H reactivity and Lewis reactivity, all TCCs which had abnormally low reactivity for both the expected Le and A, B, or H antigens were of high grade and invasive.     

Morules in endometrial carcinoma and benign endometrial lesions differ from squamous differentiation tissue and are not infected with human papillomavirus

BACKGROUND: Squamous differentiation/squamous metaplasia is often associated with endometrial adenocarcinoma and benign lesions, such as endometrial hyperplasia and chronic endometritis. Morules have distinct histological characteristics, and are referred to as squamous metaplasia or squamoid metaplasia. AIM: To focus on the histological characteristics of morules and clarify the difference between morules and squamous differentiation. MATERIALS/METHODS: Twenty endometrioid carcinomas with morules or squamous differentiation, five adenosquamous carcinomas, and eight non-carcinomatous endometrial lesions with morules were investigated. Numerous antibodies for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), involucrin, cytokeratins, neuropeptides, and oncofetal antigens were used for immunohistochemistry. In situ hybridisation and polymerase chain reaction were used to detect human papillomavirus (HPV). RESULTS: The morules observed were uniform cell clusters, with no squamous differentiation. They were immunonegative for epithelial antigens including involucrin, EMA, and cytokeratins, but were positive for neurone specific enolase. A few morules were immunopositive for acetylcholine esterase, and one case was positive for somatostatin; neither oncofetal nor proliferative cell markers, including blood group A, B, and AB, or other neuropeptides were demonstrated in the morules. HPV DNA was not found in either the morules in the carcinomas or in the benign lesions. However, true squamous differentiation tissue in four endometrioid carcinomas and two adenosquamous carcinomas was HPV positive using in situ hybridisation. CONCLUSION: Morules are histologically distinct from squamous metaplasia/squamous differentiation tissue. Morules are thought to be neuroectodermal-like cell clusters, and are not infected with HPV. In contrast, some of the true squamous differentiation tissue was associated with HPV infection.     

Aberrant intranuclear localization of biotin, biotin-binding enzymes, and beta-catenin in pregnancy-related endometrium and morule-associated neoplastic lesions.

Biotin-rich intranuclear inclusions, also known as optically clear nuclei, have been observed in various neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. They look like nuclei of herpesvirus-infected cells and cause a false-positive immunohistochemical result by avidin-biotin-complex (ABC) method. In the literature, all types of neoplastic lesions with intranuclear inclusions, with one exception, have been characteristically associated with squamoid structures known as morules. By contrast, all reported non-neoplastic lesions with such inclusions lacked morules and were confined to pregnancy-related endometrium. In the present study, adding unreported types of morule-associated neoplastic lesions, we investigated the distribution of biotin, biotin-binding enzymes, and beta-catenin in these lesions by immunohistochemical staining. We detected the intranuclear localization of biotin and of two mitochondrial biotin-binding enzymes (pyruvic acid carboxylase and propionyl CoA carboxylase) in all lesions examined, regardless of whether they were neoplastic or non-neoplastic and irrespective of the presence or absence of morules. The intranuclear localization of beta-catenin was detected in all neoplastic lesions with morules and in ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma without morules, but not in non-neoplastic endometrial lesions. These results suggest the following conclusions: (1) lesions with biotin-rich intranuclear inclusions can be classified as non-neoplastic/pregnancy-related endometrial and as neoplastic/pregnancy-unrelated or morular category; (2) the intranuclear biotin in both types of lesion is found in conjunction with biotin-binding enzymes. However, the role of beta-catenin in morule-associated neoplastic lesions, the relationship between beta-catenin and biotin/biotin-binding enzymes, and the mechanism of migration of biotin and biotin-binding enzymes from the cytoplasm to the nucleus remain unclear.     

ABH Blood Group Antigens in Human Semen

ABSTRACT: Human sperm, erythrocytes, and seminal plasma from the blood and semen of 20 men of known ABH, Lewis, and secretor phenotypes were assayed for ABH blood group antigens. A 1:1 correlation was found between the presence of ABH antigens in seminal plasma and on sperm and if the man had a secretor phenotype. Sperm from nonsecretors or from men of dissimilar ABO blood type could adsorb A antigen when incubated with A antigen-containing seminal plasma. The level of ABH antigens in seminal plasma correlated with the level of ABH antigens on the sperm surface. ABH antigens in semen were present only on a minority of spermatozoa as detected by flow cytometry, and the majority of these sperm were not in the swimup fraction. ABH antigens were not present on sperm within the seminiferous tubules of human testicular material. It was hypothesized that ABH antigens found on human sperm were adsorbed from seminal plasma on a minority of the sperm in an ejaculate.     

Deletion of antigens of the Lewis a/b blood group family in human prostatic carcinoma

The expression of antigens of the blood group Lewis a/b family were studied in a series of 42 prostatectomy specimens from patients with adenocarcinoma clinically confined to the prostate; 19 of these were later reclassified as pathologic Stage C. Staining of normal or hyperplastic versus neoplastic epithelium was assessed in routinely processed, paraffin-embedded tissue using murine monoclonal antibodies and an avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique. Antigens screened and the antibodies used to recognize them were Lewis a (CF4C4), Lewis b and Type 1 H (NS10), monosialosyl Lewis a I (19.9), and disialosyl Lewis a and monosialosyl Lewis a II (FH7). FH7 strongly stained the benign epithelium of all 39 Lewis positive cases, suggesting that the sialyltransferase responsible for synthesis of FH7-reactive determinants is highly active in benign prostatic tissue. When compared to the reactivity of benign epithelium in Lewis positive cases, the staining of the carcinomas was markedly reduced in 18 cases (46%) and absent in 16 cases (41%). This reduction or loss of staining of the malignant epithelium was observed for all antibodies that stained the corresponding benign epithelium of each case. In only five of the cases (13%) was the intensity of staining in the carcinoma equal to that of the surrounding benign epithelium. No cases in this latter group had recurrence of disease, whereas in the other staining groups 25-33% of the cases had recurrences; median follow-up for the entire group was 78 months. No correlation was apparent between Gleason score and the staining pattern with these antigens. In summary, antigens of the Lewis a/b family are deleted in a high percentage of cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma.     

ABH antigens in vascular endothelium and some epithelial tissues of baboons

In baboons ABH antigens are found on vascular endothelium but not on red blood cells. This newly observed pattern of distribution is intermediate between that of lower mammals (in which ABH antigens are not found on endothelia or on red cells) and that of humans (in whom ABH antigens are present on both). In both types of cells the expression of these ABH antigens was expected to be under the same H-h genetic control, but the dissociation between the expression of ABH on red cells and on vascular endothelium shows that some other factor must by involved. The ABH antigens of exocrine secretions were expected to be under control of the Se-se system. However, some epithelial structures express ABH antigens in nonsecretor baboons (e.g., striated ducts), some cells express only H without A or B (e.g. biliary ducts and acinar cells of salivary glands), and some cells express only the H antigen at early stages of differentiation and the A or B antigens at later stages of differentiation (e.g. epidermis). ABH antigens were also found in the nervous system, a previously unreported site. All of these observations necessitate a reappraisal of current theory of the genetic control of tissue expression of ABH antigens.     

Landing preference of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) on human skin among ABO blood groups, secretors or nonsecretors, and ABH antigens

We demonstrated in this study that blood group O subjects attracted more Aedes albopictus than other blood groups (B, AB, and A) but were only significantly more attractive than blood group A subjects in 64 human landing tests. We collected saliva from the subjects and tested it for agglutination inhibition, categorized the subjects into secretors or nonsecretors, and studied mosquitoes' landing preferences for those groups. The mean relative percent landing on blood group O secretors (83.3%) was significantly higher than on group A secretors (46.5%). We also compared the attraction to subjects according to blood groups using forearm skin treated with ABH antigens. Blood group O disaccharide (H antigen) attracted significantly more Ae. albopictus than did blood group A trisaccharide (A antigen), and subjects treated with blood group A disaccharide attracted significantly more Ae. albopictus than did subjects treated with blood group B trisaccharide (B antigen), but ABH antigens did not, in general, influence the landing preference of mosquitoes among ABO blood groups.     

Distribution of sialic acid-dependent carbohydrate epitope in thyroid tumors: Immunoreactivity of FB21 in paraffin-embedded tissue sections

The reactivity of monoclonal antibody FB21, which recognizes a sialic acid-dependent carbohydrate epitope, was tested with 94 non-neoplastic and neoplastic thyroid tissue specimens using immunohistochemical methods on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. These specimens included 11 cases of adenomatous goiter, three cases of Basedow's disease, 30 cases of follicular adenoma, 20 cases of papillary carcinoma, 15 cases of follicular carcinoma, six cases of medullary carcinoma, and nine cases of anaplastic carcinoma. FB21 reacted with 14 of 15 cases of follicular carcinoma that showed a microfollicular or trabecular pattern, and with nine of 20 cases of papillary carcinoma. A positive reaction was found on the cell surface membranes or apical parts of neoplastic follicles. FB21 also reacted with five of 30 cases of follicular adenoma. These cases showed a follicular pattern and positive staining pattern similar to that in follicular carcinoma. Adenomatous goiters, Basedow's disease, medullary carcinomas, and anaplastic carcinomas were negative for FB21 reactivity. Although the different reactivities of FB21 with papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma remain to be investigated, the high frequency of reactivity with FB21 suggests that it may be useful as a complement to morphological diagnosis in follicular carcinoma.     

免疫组化法检测甲状腺滤泡癌血管侵袭

对1000例甲状廊滤泡癌进行FVIIIR:Ag、UEA-I、HHF35及Desmin免疫组化染色。结果表明:FVIIIR:Ag和UEA-I都可以明显提高对滤泡癌血管侵袭检出率;HHF35亦可提高血管侵袭检出率,但效果不如前两者;Desmin是不甚理想的检查肿瘤血管侵袭的试剂。免疫组化法检测甲状腺滤泡癌血管侵袭,对正确诊断滤泡癌有较大应用价值。