Weight, height, and body mass index and risk for ovarian cancer in a cohort study

PURPOSE: Reported associations between ovarian cancer and body size are inconsistent. We assessed ovarian cancer and anthropometry in the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project Follow-Up Study. METHODS: The 46,026 participants completed a baseline interview and mailed questionnaires between 1979 and 1998. By using multiple sources, we identified 346 incident ovarian cancers during follow-up. We calculated rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate relative risks for developing ovarian cancer associated with height and weight (measured 1973 to 1980) and self-reported current and usual adult weight (collected during follow-up). RESULTS: Neither taller height (> or =66 versus <62 inches; RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.64-1.26) nor greater weight (> or =161 versus < or =120 lbs; RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.77-1.55) was associated with ovarian cancer. Compared with normal weight (body mass index [BMI], 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m(2)), overweight (BMI, 25 to 29.9 kg/m(2); RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.78-1.29) and obesity (BMI, 30 to 34.9 kg/m(2); RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.59-1.48) were not associated with ovarian cancer. Severe obesity (BMI > or = 35 kg/m(2)) produced a nonsignificantly elevated RR (1.55; 95% CI, 0.84-2.84). Associations with histologic types and statistical interactions with menopausal status and hormone therapy use were null. CONCLUSIONS: Based on height and weight measured before baseline, overweight and obesity were not significantly associated with ovarian cancer in this cohort.     

Associations between body height, body composition and cholesterol levels in middle-aged men. The coronary risk factor study in southern Sweden (CRISS)

Background: Short body height is associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease; however, mechanisms are not fully explained. In this study, associations between body height and serum cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL cholesterol) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL cholesterol) were investigated. Methods: Prospective cohort study of middle-aged men from Helsingborg, Sweden starting 1990. Two birth-year cohorts were invited at 37, 40 and 43 years of age; participation at baseline was 991 (68%). Serum and HDL cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were measured. Non-HDL cholesterol, body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. The participants completed a questionnaire covering lifestyle variables. Results: There were statistically significant inverse correlations between body height and serum cholesterol (–0.11) and non-HDL cholesterol (–0.12). One standard deviation, 6.7 cm, taller body height was associated with a lower serum cholesterol (–0.12 mmol/l) and a lower non-HDL cholesterol (–0.13 mmol/l; p < 0.001). These associations remained when adjusted for BMI and WHR. Men with serum cholesterol equal to or above 6.5 mmol/l were significantly shorter (mean 178.71 cm) than men with serum cholesterol below 6.5 mmol/l (mean 179.71 cm). In addition, BMI and WHR were positively associated with serum and non-HDL cholesterol and inversely associated with HDL cholesterol. The change in cholesterol levels over the six-year follow-up was significantly associated to the change in BMI and WHR. Conclusions: Body height had an independent and inverse relation to serum cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol in middle-aged men, and the lipid pattern suggests that the underlying mechanism might be different from the traditional association between lipids and the metabolic syndrome. Although the direct clinical implication is limited, our results may help to explain the association between short height and risk of myocardial infarction.     

陕西省某高校职工体质量指数与血压血糖血脂脂肪肝的相关性分析

目的探讨体质量指数与血压、血糖、血脂、脂肪肝等因素之间的相关性。方法选取2011年3月—2011年11月我校体检6 994人的相关指标并进行分析。结果体质量超标2 935人,占体检人数的42.12%,肥胖312人,占体检人数的4.48%。体质量指数与血压、血脂、血糖水平呈正相关(P<0.05),尤其脂肪肝的检出率与体质量指数呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。结论体质量指数对代谢性疾病的风险评估有一定的意义,可作为一般人群健康评价的重要指标。     

高校招生体检男生体质量指数与血压水平分析

［摘要］ 目的探讨体质量指数与血压水平的关系。方法在高校招生体检中收集９２名男生的身高、体 质量、收缩压、舒张压等体检资料并进行统计分析。结果体质量超标肥胖组的收缩压显著高于正常体质量组, 正常体质量组的收缩压显著高于消瘦组（P＜０．０５）,体质量指数与收缩压之间呈显著正相关（P＜０．０１）,但体质量 指数与舒张压之间没有显著的相关性（P＞０．０５）。结论体质量指数与血压关系密切,青年男生体质量指数与 收缩压呈显著正相关。     

Predictive performance of obesity indexes for the risk of high blood pressure in an adult population

Background and objectives

Comparisons of predictive performance of various anthropometric measures in high blood pressure have not been investigated. This study aimed at evaluating and comparing the predictive power of Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Adiposity index (BAI) and A Body Shape Index (ABSI) for predicting hypertension in adults.

Body weight,blood pressure,and mortality in a cohort of obese patients

The associations between body weight, raised blood pressure, and mortality remain controversial. The authors examined these relations by considering all degrees of obesity in the Düsseldorf Obesity Mortality Study (1961-1994). Among 6,193 obese German patients aged 18-75 years and having a body mass index (BMI) of > or =25 kg/m(2), 1,059 deaths were observed after a median follow-up of 14.8 years. The entire cohort was grouped into quartiles according to BMI (25-<32, 32-<36, 36-<40, > or =40 kg/m(2)) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (<140, 140-<160, 160-<180, > or =180 mmHg). Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed to adjust for age. For women, the mortality risk curves for the four BMI groups in relation to SBP were flat without crossing, whereas the risk curve for moderately obese men (BMI 25-<32 kg/m(2)) crossed the risk curves for the higher BMI groups. In the group of patients with very high blood pressure (SBP > or = 180 mmHg), moderately obese subjects (BMI 25-<32 kg/m(2)) had a higher mortality risk for men when compared with the BMI group 32-<36 kg/m(2) (hazard ratio =1.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.0, 2.7) but not for women (hazard ratio = 0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.4, 1.2). These findings support previous observations that the risk of death is lower for hypertensive men in high compared with low BMI groups.     

基线体质指数与男性胃癌发病关系的前瞻性队列研究

目的 研究基线BMI与男性胃癌发病风险之间的关联。方法 基于开滦队列（2006-2015年）男性人群,收集身高、体重等流行病学信息。每两年随访1次,收集胃癌发病结局资料;检索开滦附属医院医疗信息系统、开滦集团保险系统、唐山市医疗保险系统,补充收集随访过程中可能遗漏的胃癌新发病例。以体重正常（18.5 kg/m² ≤ BMI<24.0 kg/m²）人群为参照组,利用Cox风险比例模型分析基线BMI与男性胃癌发病风险的关联,计算发病风险比（HR）及其95% CI。结果 共纳入109 600名男性,共随访860 399.79人年,中位随访时间8.8年,收集胃癌新发病例272例。和正常体重人群相比,调整年龄、文化程度、吸烟状态、饮酒频率、粉尘暴露、食盐习惯、饮茶习惯等潜在的混杂因素后,体重过轻人群（BMI<18.5 kg/m²）胃癌发病风险升高（HR=2.11,95% CI：1.23~3.62）,超重/肥胖与胃癌发病风险无统计学关联。按照年龄、文化程度、吸烟、饮酒、饮茶、粉尘暴露等进行分层分析,结果显示,高年龄组、高文化程度、不吸烟、不饮酒、不饮茶、有粉尘暴露人群中,低体重与胃癌发病关联依然有统计学意义。结论 体重过轻可能增加男性胃癌发病风险,且该关联受年龄、文化程度、吸烟、饮酒、饮茶、粉尘暴露等因素影响。     

Unemployment, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and body weight in young British men

The relationship of unemployment experienced between the agesof 16 and 33 years with smoking, alcohol consumption and obesitywas examined in 2, 887 men who were members of the 1958 longitudinalBritish birth cohort study (NCDS). Cigarette smoking, alcoholconsumption, measured as units consumed in the past week andas problem drinking using the CAGE questionnaire and the bodymass index (BMI) were measured at age 33 years. Both the amountof unemployment accumulated between the ages of 16 and 33 yearsand recent unemployment experienced in the year prior to interviewat age 33 years were examined. When compared with men who hadnever been unemployed, the adjusted relative odds amongst menwith over three years of accumulated unemployment (after adjustmentfor possible confounding socioeconomic and behavioural factorsmeasured prior to unemployment) were 2.11 (95% Cl: 1.42–3.12)for smoking, 2.13 (95% Cl: 1.32–3.42) for a low BMI andnon-significant for a high BMI; 1.52 (95% Cl: 1.04–2.24)for no alcohol consumed; non-significant for high alcohol consumption,but 2.15 (95% Cl: 1.39–3.33) for problem drinking. Menwho had experienced unemployment in the year prior to the interview,compared to those who had not, after adjustment, were significantlymore likely to smoke (RO 2.92, 95% Cl: 2.13–4.01), drinkheavily (RO 1.73, 95% Cl: 1.18–2.54) and to have a drinkproblem (RO 2.90, 95% CI: 1.99–4.21). Unemployment mayplay a significant part in establishing life-long patterns ofhazardous behaviour in young men.     

Associations of birth order with early growth and adolescent height, body composition, and blood pressure: prospective birth cohort from Brazil

Birth weight has been inversely associated with later blood pressure. Firstborns tend to have lower birth weight than their later-born peers, but the long-term consequences remain unclear. The study objective was to investigate differences between firstborn and later-born individuals in early growth patterns, body composition, and blood pressure in Brazilian adolescents. The authors studied 453 adolescents aged 13.3 years from the prospective 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort. Anthropometry, blood pressure, physical activity by accelerometry, and body composition by deuterium were measured. Firstborns (n = 143) had significantly lower birth weight than later borns (n = 310). At 4 years, firstborns had significantly greater weight and height, indicating a substantial overshoot in catch-up growth. In adolescence, first borns had significantly greater height and blood pressure and a lower activity level. The difference in systolic blood pressure could be attributed to variability in early growth and that in diastolic blood pressure to reduced physical activity. The magnitude of increased blood pressure is clinically significant; hence, birth order is an important developmental predictor of cardiovascular risk in this population. Firstborns may be more sensitive to environmental factors that promote catch-up growth, and this information could potentially be used in nutritional management to prevent catch-up "overshoot."     

Body fat distribution, blood pressure, and hypertension. A prospective cohort study of men in the normative aging study.

The relation between the abdominal accumulation of body fat, blood pressure, and hypertension was assessed prospectively among 1972 male participants in the Veterans Administration Normative Aging Study. Body mass index (BMI = weight [kg]/height [m]2) and the ratio of abdominal circumference to hip breadth (AC/HB), measured at regular exams, were used as indices of total adiposity and body fat distribution, respectively. Considering blood pressure as a continuous outcome variable (in models that allowed for intraclass correlation), the AC/HB ratio was significantly positively associated with both diastolic and systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), adjusting for age and BMI. Blood pressure was dichotomized and hypertension risk was assessed using the proportional hazards model, adjusting for age and BMI. Seven hundred cases of hypertension were recorded by study physicians during 35,496 person-years of follow-up. The risk of hypertension increased approximately three-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 5.2) with a change of one unit in the AC/HB ratio. These estimates were little changed when the effects of smoking and alcohol intake were considered. Thus, the abdominal accumulation of body fat, apart from overall level of adiposity, was associated with both increased blood pressure and an increased risk of hypertension.     

Risk factors for low birth weight in a socio-economically disadvantaged population: parity,marital status,ethnicity and cigarette smoking

Low birth weight (LBW) is a public health problem, because it is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The principal aim of this study was to assess risk factors for LBW in a large multi-ethnic and socio-economically disadvantaged population. Data from 3242 mothers, who attended the Well Baby Clinic (Southwestern Sydney, Australia) for the first time, were analysed in relation to their demographic characteristics and socio-economic indices. The overall birthweight was 3377 ± 577 g (mean ± SD). In multiple linear regression analysis, smoking during pregnancy, marital status, parity, and country of birth were independently associated with birth weight. According to this analysis, lower birth weight was associated with mothers who had smoked during pregnancy (by 215.2 ± 18.6 g), who were single (46.9 ± 21 g), and of Asian background (108.5 ± 38.2 g). However, higher parity was associated with significantly higher birth weight. The presence of each factor was coded as 1 and the absence, 0. A risk score was then derived by summing up the individual scores. When birth weight was classified as low birth weight (defined as those with birth weight being less than 2500 g) or normal birth weight, the overall prevalence of LBW was 1.9%. Each unit increase in the risk score was associated with a 1.9-fold (95% confidence interval: 1.5–2.6) increase in the risk of LBW. These data suggest that apart from marital status, ethnicity and parity, maternal smoking is the single most important preventable risk factors for LBW.     

An updated reference for age-sex-specific birth weight percentiles stratified for ethnicity based on data from all live birth infants between 2005 and 2014 in Alberta,Canada

ObjectiveThis study aims to update the current reference for sex-specific birth weight percentiles by gestational age, overall and for specific ethnic groups, based on data from all singleton live-birth deliveries from 2005 to 2014 in Alberta, Canada.MethodsInfant and maternal information were captured in the Alberta Vital Statistics-Births Database for 473,115 singleton infants born to 311,800 women between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2014. Within each sex, and each sex-ethnic group, birth weights were modelled by gestational age using generalized additive models and natural cubic splines. Crude and corrected estimates for birth weight percentiles including cut-off values for large for gestational age (LGA) and small for gestational age (SGA) were calculated by sex and sex-ethnic group, and gestational age for singleton live births.ResultsLGA and SGA cut-offs were lower for females than for males for all gestational ages. The SGA and LGA percentiles were greater for both male and female very preterm infants in Alberta compared to previous national references. Ethnicity-specific LGA and SGA cut-offs for term Chinese and preterm and at-term South Asian infants were consistently lower than those for both the general population in Alberta and the previous national reference. South Asian infants had lower birth weights at almost all gestational ages compared with the other groups.ConclusionThe updated birth weight percentiles presented in this study highlight the differences in SGA and LGA cut-offs among infants from South Asian, Chinese, and the general population, which may be important for clinical perinatal care.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.17269/s41997-021-00520-9.     

Body mass index and the diagnosis of endometriosis: Findings from a national data linkage cohort study

BackgroundWomen with lower body mass index (BMI) have a higher risk of surgically confirmed endometriosis but this finding runs counterintuitive to the oestrogen-dependent theory for the disease. Increasingly, endometriosis is diagnosed via non-surgical methods. We examined BMI at age 18–23 years, and changes in BMI, and the risk of endometriosis according to the diagnostic method.MethodsWe analysed data from 11 794 young women, born in 1989–95, who completed six surveys as part of an Australian, longitudinal cohort study between 2013 and 2018. Women’s survey responses were linked to administrative health records to identify endometriosis. Cox proportional hazards models modelled associations between BMI at age 18–23 years, and changes in BMI, and endometriosis. Analyses were stratified by the diagnostic method of endometriosis: clinically confirmed endometriosis (based on hospital discharge diagnosis) versus clinically suspected endometriosis (women’s reports of physician-diagnosed endometriosis).ResultsThere were 223 cases of clinically confirmed endometriosis and 396 cases of clinically suspected endometriosis. Women who gained weight after age 18–23 had lower risk of clinically confirmed endometriosis than women without endometriosis whose weight remained stable (HR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.47–0.88). Women who were overweight (HR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.01–1.66) at age 18–23 had higher risk of clinically suspected endometriosis than women of normal weight without endometriosis.ConclusionsThe risk of clinically confirmed endometriosis was lower among women who gained weight compared to women with stable weight. The risk of clinically suspected endometriosis was higher among women who were overweight compared to normal weight.     

Effect of Body Weight Changes on Changes in Ambulatory and Standardized Non-Physician Blood Pressures Over Three Years

PURPOSE: This study examines the relationship of changes in body mass index (BMI) to changes in measures of both casual and ambulatory blood pressures over three years.

METHODS: In this prospective study of men aged 30–60 years, a cohort of 198 participants was followed for three years. Height, weight, demographic characteristics, and casual and ambulatory measures of blood pressure (BP) were obtained at baseline and 3-year follow-up.

RESULTS: Change in BMI was significantly associated with change in all ambulatory (awake, work, home, and sleep) and casual systolic and diastolic blood pressures. After controlling for age and race/ethnicity, the association remained significant for nine of the twelve BP change measures. Further tests show that the effect of a change in BMI on BP change does not vary across the six systolic blood pressures or across the six diastolic measures. An average-height man gaining 5 kg (11 pounds) typically exhibited a 2.5 mm Hg increase in systolic and a 1.8 mm Hg increase in diastolic casual and ambulatory BPs. There is no evidence that changes in BP were associated with age, race/ethnicity (blacks vs. Hispanics vs. whites), or the average of the baseline and follow-up levels of BMI. In addition, the impact of weight gain is similar in magnitude, but in the opposite direction, to that of weight loss.

CONCLUSIONS: Changes in BMI over three years predict changes in ambulatory and standardized non-physician BPs. These changes in BP are not related to average BMI level or age.