《数理医药学杂志》征稿与征订启事

<正> 数理医药学是数学与医药学相结合的一门应用性学科。数理医药学的进展已导致世界范围内医药科学的迅猛发展。《数理医药学杂志》则是目前国内关于这门学科唯一的学术性刊物。《数理医药学杂志》立足于数学在医药学上的应用。涉及数学分析、数理统计、模糊数学、信息论、控制论、运筹学等各个数学分支及计算机科学在医药学、医学情报分析、医院管理等方面的应用。它是致力于数学与医药学相结合的数理医药工作者切磋交流的阵地。     

药物动力学模型的发展对数学教学的启示——数学应用案例研究

归纳分析了药物动力学模型的发展状况 ,阐述现代数学在医药学领域广泛深入的应用前景 ,从而对医药院校学生学习各种数学知识提出更高的要求 ,并对医科数学的教学作出初步的研究与探讨     

浅议高等数学教学中的精讲多练

数学在医药学尤其是在药学教育中的作用和地位日显重要。许多高等医药院校都增加了高等数学课的教学时数 ,有的还不断增开了新的数学课程。我院在学院党委的重视下 ,在原开设高等数学、数理统计方法的基础上又增开了数学建模课。但是 ,初学高等数学的人常常感到高等数学难学 ,内容多、基本概念难懂、方法难掌握 ,解应用题不知从何处着手。笔者在多年的教学过程中的体会是“精讲多练”。所谓“精讲”,就是根据教学大纲的要求 ,按照教材的系统突出重点 ,把握关键。精讲当然要适当地少讲 ,要做到少中见多 ,以少胜多 ,要抓住主要矛盾 ,围绕中心…     

医药类院校数学建模案例教学法的实践与探索

探讨了案例教学法在医药类院校数学建模课程教学中的应用。提出课堂教学中需要重点解决两个方面的问题:一是如何培养学生对数学建模持久的兴趣,二是如何引导学生充分融入数学建模这个开放性的过程之中,提高其综合素质和创新能力。强调在数学建模的案例教学法中应做到:一、注重精选案例;二、凸现学生主体地位和团队的作用;三、注重软件实现过程;四、注重与实验教学、建模竞赛的联系。最后,就如何将数学建模的思想融入到高等数学等课程的教学活动中做了一定的探讨。     

“类比”与“想象”

数学不仅在自然科学(包括医药学)中有着广泛的应用,现在也被广泛应用于社会科学.几百年前,法国哲学家、数学家笛卡尔曾经说过:"数学是上帝用以书写宇宙的文字."一百多年前,卡尔*马克思就敏锐地指出:"一种科学只有当它达到了能够应用数学的时候,才算是真正发展了的科学."     

浅谈数学建模教育与生物医学人才培养

数学建模教育是全面培养具有创新能力的新世纪建设人才的有效手段。通过引入DNA序列结构的数学建模模型,说明数学建模的思想在培养21世纪的新型生物医学人才中的重要作用。     

第二届全国数学药理学术会议召开

<正> 第二届全国数学药理学术会议于4月21日至4月25日在上海举行。87位数学药理工作者出席了大会。 会议共收到有关论文、综述81篇,这些文章涉及数学药理各个领域,内容丰富,质量有所提高。与会代表一致认为,为适应医药学事业的飞速发展,数学药理学会及其会员应当继续致力于数学药理学及电脑技术的普及、推广,使之更好地为基础医学事业作出贡献。     

大学生数学建模竞赛培训的实践与体会

通过数学建模竞赛培训,提高了大学生学习数学的兴趣,培养大学生的创新能力和实践能力,发挥出大学生的团队协作精神,开拓了大学生的国际视野。因此,大学生数学建模竞赛培训是一项成功的数学教学改革实践。     

医用高等数学建模教育初探

医用高等数学教育中的数学建模教育对学生的全面发展起着重要的作用,数学建模教育的实施要在改革教学方法,让学生掌握高等数学的基础知识的基础上,增加开放性应用问题,形成数学建模思想,以达到提高学生解决实际问题的能力。     

医学研究中的数学建模

罗列医学研究中经典的5种数学模型,阐述数学建模在医学研究中的重要意义,总结在临床实践过程中可能运用数学建模解决的实际问题。     

Self-injection of barbiturates and benzodiazepines in baboons

Self-injection of three barbiturates, six benzodiazepines, and chlorpromazine was examined in baboons. Intravenous injections of drug were dependent upon completion of 160 lever presses (a 160-response fixed-ratio schedule). A 3-h time-out period followed each injection, permitting a maximum of eight injections per day. Prior to testing each dose of drug, self-injection performance was established with cocaine. Subsequently, a test dose was substituted for cocaine. Amobarbital, pentobarbital, and secobarbital maintained the highest levels of self-injection, which were similar to those maintained by cocaine. Clonazepam, clorazepate, diazepam, flurazepam, medazepam, and midazolam maintained relatively modest levels of self-injection, while chlorpromazine maintained only low levels, which were in the range of vehicle control. Of the six benzodiazepines, midazolam produced the highest levels of self-injection. At the highest self-injected doses, the barbiturates produced anesthesia in contrast to the benzodiazepines, which produced only sedation. None of the drugs affected food intake except for chlorpromazine, which produced dose-related decreases. The differences among the drug classes (i.e., barbiturate, benzodiazepine, phenothiazine) with respect to the maintenance of self-injection correspond well with the results of previous animal and human drug self-administration studies.     

基于HMGR、SQS1、β-AS基因CNVs的甘草道地性机制研究

本文利用real-time PCR方法对不同产地甘草的3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰CoA还原酶 (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, HMGR)、鲨稀合成酶1 (squalene synthetase 1, SQS1)、β-香树脂醇合成酶 (β-amyrin synthase, β-AS) 基因的拷贝数进行了研究, 发现不同产地的HMGR基因存在1～3个拷贝数变异, SQS1基因存在1～2个拷贝数变异, 未发现β-AS基因拷贝数变异。甘草HMGR、SQS1、β-AS基因拷贝数存在5种自然组合类型: A型 (2+1+1)、B型 (1+1+1)、C型 (3+2+1)、D型 (2+2+1) 和E型 (3+1+1), 其中内蒙古杭锦旗甘草存在A、B两种类型, A与B的比例为1∶1.3; 内蒙古赤峰甘草也存在A、B两种类型, 但A与B比例为3∶1; 宁夏盐池甘草存在A、B、C、D 4种类型, A/B/C/D比例为1∶5.1∶1∶2, A/B比例为1∶5.1; 甘肃民勤甘草存在A、B、E 3种类型, A/B/E比例为4.1∶2.1∶1, A/B比例为2∶1。本研究证明中药功能基因基因组拷贝数变异 (copy number variations, CNVs) 与产地具有相关性, 可能是道地药材形成的机制之一。     

Endocrine disruption mechanism of o,p'-DDT in mature male tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate, in vivo, the potential of o,p'-DDT to disrupt the endocrine system of mature male tilapia. In particular, the possibility that o,p'-DDT effects were mediated directly via the estrogen receptor (ER). Compounds with known ability to bind to the ER were employed: estradiol to induce and tamoxifen to inhibit the estrogenic effects result of the activation of the ER. In addition, an aromatase inhibitor, 4-hydrxyandrostenedione (4-OHA), was used to assess the ability of o,p'-DDT to induce estrogenic effects in a surrounding of low estradiol concentration. The effects of estradiol and o,p'-DDT were studied alone or in the presence of tamoxifen or 4-OHA at the end of a 12-day period of exposure. The main endpoints measured were plasma alkaline-labile phosphorous (ALP; an indirect indicator of vitellogenin), estradiol, testosterone and o,p'-DDT. It was found that o,p'-DDT was able to induce the vitellogenesis (measured as plasma ALP increase) and decrease the circulating levels of estradiol and testosterone. Interestingly, o,p'-DDT kept this ability in whole fish with low concentrations of estradiol which would exclude endogenous estradiol as indirect mediator of the estrogenic effects induced by o,p'-DDT. In addition, the plasma concentration of o,p'-DDT, instead of that of estradiol, was closely related to the plasma ALP increase induced by o,p'-DDT. This indicates that o,p'-DDT could have directly activated the vitellogenesis. The antiestrogenic action of tamoxifen to inhibit the vitellogenesis and the decrease on plasma estradiol induced by o,p'-DDT indicates that o,p'-DDT can bind directly to the ER. In conclusion, this in vivo study shows that o,p'-DDT has the potential to disrupt the endocrine system and strongly supports that the estrogenic actions of o,p'-DDT involve binding to the ER.     

白细胞介素抑制剂类生物制剂治疗斑块状银屑病的文献可视化分析

目的 分析白细胞介素（IL）抑制剂类生物制剂在斑块状银屑病治疗中的研究现状及热点。方法 检索2011年1月1日至2022年4月30日在Web of Science核心合集数据库发表的IL抑制剂类生物制剂在斑块状银屑病治疗方面的相关研究，利用CiteSpace5.8.R3软件进行文献的可视化分析，从发文量、国家/地区、机构、作者、期刊等文献关键特征分析该领域的研究现状，通过文献共被引、关键词共现、聚类及突现分析该领域的知识基础、研究热点及前沿。结果 共纳入文献2 056篇，近10年发文量呈逐年递增趋势，共计104个国家/地区的545个机构参与了IL抑制剂类药物治疗斑块状银屑病的研究，其中美国发文量805篇，占总发文量的39.15%居首位，且与德国、英国、瑞士、加拿大等有密切合作，发文最多的机构是瑞士诺华制药，发文最多的作者是德国汉堡艾本多夫医学中心的Reich K，被引频次第一的作者是加拿大Prob Med公司的Papp KA，被引频次最高的期刊为British Journal of Dermatology；该领域的研究热点主要为生物制剂治疗斑块状银屑病的作用机制、疗效及安全性研究，研究...     

紫花丹参不同部位微量元素含量的分析比较

目的分析比较紫花丹参不同部位微量元素含量。方法用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法分别测定紫花丹参根、茎、叶、花4个部位17种微量元素的含量,对不同部位微量元素含量进行分析比较。结果紫花丹参根中镁元素含量最高,茎中钡和锶含量高,叶中硼和铜含量高,而花中铁元素含量分别是根、茎、叶的2.5、4和10倍,另外,花中的钛、锰、镍、钒、锡、铅、钴、铬、镉、锂、锌等11种微量元素含量也均高于其它3个部位。结论从微量元素角度分析,丹参的花也具有一定的药用价值。     

Comparison of the gastrointestinal anatomy,physiology, and biochemistry of humans and commonly used laboratory animals

In addition to metabolic differences, the anatomical, physiological, and biochemical differences in the gastrointestinal (G.I.) tract of the human and common laboratory animals can cause significant variation in drug absorption from the oral route. Among the physiological factors, pH, bile, pancreatic juice, and mucus and fluid volume and content can modify dissolution rates, solubility, transit times, and membrane transport of drug molecules. The microbial content of the G.I. tract can significantly affect the reductive metabolism and enterohepatic circulation of drugs and colonic delivery of formulations. The transit time of dosage forms can be significantly different between species due to different dimensions and propulsive activities of the G.I. tract. The lipid/protein composition of the enterocyte membrane along the G.I. tract can alter binding and passive, active, and carrier-mediated transport of drugs. The location and number of Peyer's patches can also be important in the absorption of large molecules and particulate matter. While small animals, rats, mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits, are most suitable for determining the mechanism of drug absorption and bioavailability values from powder or solution formulations, larger animals, dogs, pigs, and monkeys, are used to assess absorption from formulations. The understanding of physiological, anatomical, and biochemical differences between the G.I. tracts of different animal species can lead to the selection of the correct animal model to mimic the bioavailability of compounds in the human. This article reviews the anatomical, physiological, and biochemical differences between the G.I. tracts of humans and commonly used laboratory animals.     

改良早期预警评分对重症胰腺炎患者预后的预测价值研究

目的探讨改良早期预警评分(MEWS)应用于重症胰腺炎(SAP)患者预后预测的价值和可行性。方法 63例患者按临床结果分为存活组42例和死亡组21例。以确诊为SAP时作为观察起点,同时采集相关数据,对每位患者分别进行MEWS及APACHE-O评分;以1个月后作为观察终点,比较2种评分系统对预后的预测价值。结果 存活组MEWS和APACHE-O评分均低于死亡组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05和P<0.01)。2种评分系统均以死亡为预测指标,MEWS评分界值为7分,灵敏度(Sen)为76.19%,特异度(Spe)为85.71%,ROC曲线下面积Az=0.8741,U=8.3958,P=0.0000,均有较强的预测价值。APACHE-O评分界值为21分,Sen为85.71%,Spe为88.10%;ROC曲线下面积Az=0.9138,U=11.2608,P=0.0000。结论 MEWS和APACHE-O评分对SAP患者预后具有同等预测价值,但MEWS评分系统结构简单,获取数据方便,既省时又节省费用,可用于对SAP患者预后的预测。     

Stability, distribution and use of antivenoms for snakebite envenomation in Latin America: Report of a workshop

The issues of antivenom stability and distribution, and the training of health staff in the correct use of antivenoms in Latin America were discussed in a workshop held at Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Costa Rica, in September 16-19, 2008, under the auspices of the program CYTED. Participants from public antivenom production laboratories of the region, together with representatives of the Ministries of Health, from Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia, Perú, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Panamá, Costa Rica and Nicaragua participated in the event. Technical advances in the study of antivenom stability and in the design of novel formulations aimed at generating products of higher stability were presented. In addition, antivenom acquisition and distribution systems in every country were presented and discussed, together with novel tools that could be useful for improving antivenom distribution, such as the software SIGEpi, developed by the Pan American Health Organization. The issue of the cold chain, as well as the most frequent causes of misuse of antivenoms in the region, were also analyzed. Finally, the experiences of training programs for health staff on the correct use of antivenoms in snakebite envenomation treatment in Latin America were presented. It was concluded that, in addition to the fostering of antivenom production and quality control, renewed efforts should be implemented at improving the stability, distribution and correct use of antivenoms in the region.     

Tissue-specific regulation of insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in male diabetic rats in vivo and in vitro

1. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are associated with the development of diabetes mellitus. The liver, kidney and heart have been implicated as important organs in the onset of diabetes mellitus. However, the effect of diabetes on the IGF system in these organs has not been fully described. Thus, we investigated changes in IGF-I, IGF-II and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) in male steptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, as well as in a high glucose-induced in vitro model. 2. Serum levels of IGF-I were decreased, but the levels of IGF-II were increased, in diabetic rats compared with controls. The expression of IGFBP-3 in the serum was markedly decreased; in contrast, the expression of IGFBP-1 and -2 was increased in diabetic rats. The expression of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-4 in the liver of the diabetic group was similar to that in the serum of diabetic rats. 3. In heart tissue of the diabetic group, IGF-I levels were decreased, but IGF-II levels were increased. In addition, the expression of IGFBP-3, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 was decreased in diabetic rats. 4. In the kidney of the diabetic group, IGF-I and IGF-II levels were increased. There was only slight expression of IGFBP-3 in the kidney and this was not altered in diabetic rats. Levels of IGFBP-1 and -2 were markedly increased in the kidney of diabetic rats. 5. Insulin treatment recovered the changes in expression of IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBPs in the serum, liver, heart and kidney. In the liver, heart and kidney, the expression of the insulin receptor was increased in male diabetic rats. 6. In conclusion, diabetes tissue-specifically alters the IGF system in the liver, heart and kidney in rats; this effect can be recovered by insulin treatment.     

185例新生儿PICC常见并发症的临床护理研究

目的研究新生儿PICC导管的临床护理方法,减少并发症的发生,延长PICC导管使用时间。方法总结2007年1月至2008年8月185例新生儿PICC导管的临床护理。结果穿刺成功182例,成功率为98.38%。一次穿刺置管152例,二次穿刺置管17例,三次穿刺置管13例。166例好转或治愈出院拔管,7例放弃治疗拔管,1例感染拔管,2例堵管拔管,1例导管脱出拔管,1例出现静脉炎拔管,2例导管断裂拔管,2例导管移位拔管。最长保留时间46d,最短保留时间1d（堵管）,平均20.13d。经摄取胸片确认导管顶端位置：173例位于右上腔静脉,5例位于锁骨下静脉,2例位于右心房,2例位于颈静脉。结论PICC导管为输液治疗提供了一条安全、方便的通道,减少了反复穿刺给患儿带来的痛苦,避免了高渗药物对患儿血管的刺激,减轻了恶性刺激对患儿心灵的创伤和护理工作量。而对PICC导管的正确护理,是延长导管使用寿命的关键所在,临床护士应该熟练掌握。