重庆大学1999～2004年210例离退休职工死因调查分析

目的 为了解重庆大学离退休职工死亡状况及原因,为高校老年教职工的预防保健工作提供科学依据.方法 对210名死亡的教职工进行了回顾性调查分析.结果 死因中心血管疾病居首位,占48.2%;恶性肿瘤其次,占32%;脑血管疾病居第三,占14.8%;糖尿病并发症居第四,占3.3%.死亡者中男性明显高于女性.结论 高校对心血管疾病的预防和治疗尤为重要,进一步做好离退休职工的预防保健及健康教育工作,对避免疾病的发生、延缓生命具有重要意义.     

某高校教职工死亡原因分析

目的了解高校教职工死亡原因，为高校预防保健工作提供依据。方法根据某高校人事处、离退休处、校医院死亡人员登记，对该校2001-2006年死亡的教职工人死因进行比较分析。结果恶性肿瘤居死亡原因首位，后两位是心血管疾病、脑血管疾病。结论应加强恶性肿瘤和心脑血管疾病危险因素干预，指导教职工改变不良生活习惯，提高健康水平。     

某部干休所离退休老干部近40年死亡原因调查分析

目的总结干休所离退休老干部死亡原因,为保健工作提供依据。方法对1974~2011年某部干休所死亡老干部进行回顾性调查。结果被调查165例死亡老干部中,肿瘤（51例,占30.9%）居首位,肺部感染（38例,占23.0%）居第2位,心源性猝死（20例,占12.1%）居第3位。结论干休所离退休老干部保健工作应结合肿瘤、肺部感染、心源性猝死的特点开展工作。     

15~49岁女性死亡情况分析及干预措施

对武进区1005例15~49岁女性死亡进行回顾性分析。其中疾病死亡占58·01%,疾病死亡中各种恶性肿瘤死亡排第1位,心血管疾病第2位。意外死亡占27·46%,自杀占14·13%,交通事故占19·20%,服毒占13·13%。笔者认为在农村必须加强“四自”教育,完善医疗保险制度,加强农药等有毒物品的管理及交通安全知识教育。社会各部门应采取综合措施,为女性身心健康及生命安全营造一个良好的社会环境和氛围,有效地降低女性的死亡率。     

1134例育龄妇女死亡原因监测结果分析

目的:分析育龄妇女死亡的主要原因,探讨相应的干预措施。方法:对深圳市宝安区2000年1月1日~2004年12月31日育龄妇女死亡的监测结果进行回顾性分析。结果:5年育龄妇女死亡1134例。主要死因前6位为:死于意外伤害占55·73%,恶性肿瘤占7·76%,感染性疾病占6·09%,围产期疾病占5·47%,心脏病占3·79%,脑血管病占2·73%。流动人口育龄妇女死亡986例,占86·95%,常住人口148例,占13·05%。结论:特区的妇女保健工作应进一步加强流动人口的管理和教育,提高群体的综合素质及保健意识,对减少育龄妇女死亡具有重要意义。     

复旦大学教职工145例恶性肿瘤死因分析

目的了解高校教职工恶性肿瘤死亡情况,为该病的防治提供科学依据。方法回顾调查复旦大学近17年来教职工恶性肿瘤145例死亡资料,统计分析各种恶性肿瘤死因构成及时间趋势。结果恶性肿瘤死亡位于全死因之首,年平均死亡率有随时段呈上升趋势(χ2=5·65,P<0·05),恶性肿瘤死因前四位依次为:①肝癌,占22·07%;②肺癌,占20·69%;③胃癌,占12·41%;④肠癌,占11·72%。结论恶性肿瘤是高校教职工死亡的主要原因,其中肝癌位于之首,加强肝癌危险因素的干预仍是目前高校防治工作的重点之一。     

2928例高校女教工妇科疾病普查结果分析

目的:探讨高校女教职工妇科疾病的发病情况及其相关因素,为女教工生殖健康及预防保健工作提供科学依据。方法:回顾性分析云南大学2 928人次妇科病普查资料。结果:低龄组和高龄组患病率分别为85.7%和61.1%。低龄组以乳腺疾病居第1位(43.2%),宫颈炎为第2位(30.7%),子宫肌瘤居第4位且逐年上升趋势明显。高龄组以阴道炎居首位(41.5%),乳腺疾病居其次(18.6%)。结论:高校女教职工的生殖健康状况不容乐观,乳腺疾病及生殖道感染是当前妇女病防治工作的重点。     

中高级知识分子体检结果及分析

目的了解我院中高级知识分子的健康状况,做好疾病的预防。方法对我校40岁以上教职工体检结果进行分析。结果体检发现我院40岁以上中高级知识分子有75·46%检出疾病,其中检出3种以上疾病的比率为39·57%,高于同龄其他职工的检出率。危害他们健康的主要因素是心血管疾病和心理疾患等。结论中高级知识分子疾病检出率较高,尤其是各种慢性疾病。医务工作者应干预他们不良的生活方式,做好疾病的及时预防。     

新疆某高校离退休教职工健康状况调查

[目的]了解我校离退休教职工健康状况和疾病谱特征,为制定预防措施提供依据。[方法]对628名离退休教职工健康检查数据进行统计分析。[结果]我校离退休教职工平均检出率为89.49%,检出率随年龄增长而上升。高血压检出率最高,占45.38%。[结论]加强高校保健服务,开展针对离退休教职工的健康教育,是今后高校卫生保健工作的重要内容。     

某部干休所离休干部30年死亡原因分析

目的 分析干休所离退休干部死亡原因,为保健工作提供依据.方法 对1983至2012年某部干休所死亡老干部进行回顾性分析.结果 被调查57例死亡老干部中,肿瘤(23例,占40.35％)居首位,心血管系统(15例,占26.32％)居第2位,脑血管系统(8例,占14.04％)居第3位.结论 干休所老干部医疗保健应针对肿瘤、心脑血管疾病高发的特点开展工作.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.