I~III期结直肠癌淋巴结转移比率与预后关系

目的评价I~III期结直肠癌淋巴结转移比率与患者预后的关系。 方法回顾性分析中山大学附属第一医院胃肠胰腺外科2004年6月至2008年11月间446例行根治性切除的结直肠癌患者临床病理数据,探讨结直肠癌预后相关危险因素,评估结直肠癌淋巴结转移比率与患者预后的关系。 结果446例结直肠癌I、II、III期患者的5年总体生存率分别约为87.4%,83.1%和64.8%（Log-rank检验,P<0.001）。我们根据淋巴结转移比率（metastatic lymph node ratio, mLNR）将CRC患者分为三组：A组：mLNR为0;B组：mLNR为>0%~14%;C组：mLNR为>14%。A、B、C组三组患者的5年总体生存率分别约为84.3%、79.6%和49.1%（Log-rank检验,χ²=55.959,P<0.001）。就直肠癌患者而言,A、B、C三组5年生存率分别为79.0%、73.5%和43.2%（Log-rank检验,χ²=26.332,P<0.001）。而对于结肠癌患者来说三组的5年生存率分别为87.1%,80.8%和55.5%（Log-rank检验,χ²=21.214,P<0.001）。单因素和多因素Cox分析均显示,mLNR是结直肠癌独立的预后危险因素,随着mLNR的上升,结直肠癌患者的预后变差。 结论淋巴结转移比率（mLNR）是结直肠癌患者预后的独立危险因素,与N分期类似,但更有优势,可作为评估结直肠癌患者预后的指标之一。     

Superiority of metastatic lymph node ratio to the 7th edition UICC N staging in gastric cancer

AIM:To compare and evaluate the appropriate prog-nostic indicators of lymph node basic staging in gastric cancer patients who underwent radical resection.METHODS:A total of 1042 gastric cancer patients who underwent radical resection and D2 lymphadenectomy were staged using the 6th and 7th edition International Union Against Cancer(UICC)N staging methods and the metastatic lymph node ratio(MLNR)staging.Ho-mogeneity,discriminatory ability,and gradient mono-tonicity of the various staging methods were compare...     

Prognostic impact of metastatic lymph node ratio in advanced gastric cancer from cardia and fundus

AIM： To investigate the prognostic impact of the metastatic lymph node ratio （MLR） in advanced gastric cancer from the cardia and fundus. METHODS： Two hundred and thirty-six patients with gastric cancer from the cardia and fundus who underwent D2 curative resection were analyzed ret- rospectively. The correlations between MLR and the total lymph nodes, positive nodes and the total lymph nodes were analyzed respectively. The influence of MLR on the survival time of patients was determined with univariate Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and mul- tivariate Cox proportional hazard model analysis. And the multiple linear regression was used to identify the relation between MLR and the 5-year survival rate of the patients. RESULTS： The MLR did not correlate with the total lymph nodes resected （r = -0.093, P = 0.057）. The 5-year overall survival rate of the whole cohort was 37.5%. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis identified that the following eight factors influenced the survival time of the patients postoperatively： gender （χ2 = 4.26, P = 0.0389）, tumor size （χ2 = 18.48, P 〈 0.001）, Borrmann type （χ2 = 7.41, P = 0.0065）, histological grade （χ2 = 5.07, P = 0.0243）, pT category （χ2 = 49.42, P 〈 0.001）, pN category （χ2 = 87.7, P 〈 0.001）, total number of re- trieved lymph nodes （χ2 = 8.22, P = 0.0042） and MLR （χ2 = 34.3, P 〈 0.001）. Cox proportional hazard model showed that tumor size （χ2 = 7.985, P = 0.018）, pTcategory （χ2 = 30.82, P 〈 0.001） and MLR （χ2 = 69.39, P 〈 0.001） independently influenced the prognosis. A linear correlation between MLR and the 5-year survival was statistically significant based on the multiple lin- ear regression （β = -0.63, P 〈 0.001）. Hypothetically, the 5-year survival would surpass 50% when MLR was lower than 10%. CONCLUSION： The MLR is an independent prognostic factor for patients with advanced gastric cancer from the cardia and fundus. The decrease of MLR due to adequate number of total resected lymph     

Prognostic impact of metastatic lymph node ratio on gastric cancer after curative distal gastrectomy

AIM:To investigate the prognostic impact of metastatic lymph node ratio(rN) on gastric cancer after curative distal gastrectomy.METHODS:A total of 634 gastric cancer patients who underwent curative resection(R0) of lymph nodes at distal gastrectomy in 1995-2004.Correlations between positive nodes and retrieved nodes,between rN and retrieved nodes,and between rN and negative lymph node(LN) count were analyzed respectively.Prognostic factors were identif ied by univariate and multivariate analyses.Staging acc...     

Comorbidity negatively influences prognosis in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

AIM: To study the outcome and prognostic factors in a series of patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and determine the impact of comorbidity on survival.METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 68 patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (perihilar, n = 37; distal, n = 31) seen at a single tertiary-care institution during the period 1999-2003 was performed. Data on presentation, management, and outcome were assessed by chart review. Pathologic confirmation was obtained in 37 cases (54.4%). Comorbidity was evaluated by using the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI).RESULTS: Mean age at diagnosis was 73.4 ± 11.5 years. Jaundice was the most common symptom presented (86.8%). Median CCI score was 1 (range, 0 to 4). Nineteen patients (27.9%) underwent tumor resection. Palliative biliary drainage was performed in 39 patients (57.4%), and 6 patients (8.8%) received only best supportive care. Tumor-free margin status (R0) was achieved in 15 cases (78.9% of resection group). Baseline serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) level was revealed to be an independent predictor of surgical treatment (P = 0.026). Overall median survival was 3.1 ± 0.9 mo, with 1- and 2-year survival rates of 21% and 7%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, tumor resection, CCI score, and serum CA 19-9 levels correlated significantly with outcome. In the multivariate analysis, only resection (HR 0.10; 95% CI, 0.02-0.51, P = 0.005) and a CCI score ≥ 2 (HR 3.36; 95% CI, 1.0-10.9, P = 0.045) were found to independently predict survival.CONCLUSION: Tumor resection and comorbidity emerged as significant prognostic variables in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Comorbidity evaluation instruments should be applied in the clinical management of such patients.     

Prognostic assessment of different metastatic lymph node staging methods for gastric cancer after D2 resection

AIM: To compare the prognostic assessment of lymph node ratio and absolute number based staging system for gastric cancer after D2 resection. METHODS: The clinical, pathologic, and long-term follow-up data of 427 patients with gastric cancer that underwent D2 curative gastrectomy were retrospectively analyzed. The relationships between the metastatic lymph node ratio (MLR), log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS), and positive lymph nodes (pN) staging methods and the long-term prognoses of the patients were compared. In addition, the survival curves, accuracy, and homogeneity were compared with stratification to evaluate the prognostic assessment of the 3 methods when the number of tested lymph nodes was insufficient (< 10 and 10-15). RESULTS: MLR [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.401, P = 0.012], LODDS (HR = 1.012,P = 0.034), and pN (HR = 1.376, P = 0.005) were independent risk factors for gastric cancer patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the prognostic accuracy of the 3 methods was comparable (P > 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis confirmed that MLR, LODDS, and pN were all positively correlated with the total number of tested lymph nodes. When the number of tested lymph node was < 10, the value of survival curves staged by MLR and LODDS was superior to those of pN staging. However, the difference in survival curves between adjacent stages was not significant. In addition, the survival rate of stage 4 patients using the MLR and LODDS staging methods was 26.7% and 27.3% with < 10 lymph node, respectively which were significantly higher than the survival rate of patients with > 15 tested lymph nodes (< 4%). The ROC curve showed that the accuracy of the prognostic assessment of MLR, LODDS, and pN staging methods was comparable (P > 0.05), and the area under the ROC curve of all 3 methods were increased progressively with the enhanced levels of examined lymph nodes. In addition, the homogeneity of the 3 methods in patients with ≤ 15 tested lymph nodes also showe     

Prognosis of patients with gastric cancer and solitary lymph node metastasis

AIM:To investigate the relationship of solitary lymph node metastasis(SLNM)and age with patient survival in gastric cancer(GC).METHODS:The medical records databases of China’s Beijing Cancer Hospital at the Peking University School of Oncology and Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital affiliated to Tongji University were searched retrospectively to identify patients with histologically proven GC and SLNM who underwent surgical resection between October 2003 and December 2012.Patients with distant metastasis or gastric stump carcinoma following resection for benign disease were excluded from the analysis.In total,936 patients with GC+SLNM were selected for analysis and the recorded parameters of clinicopathological disease and follow-up(range:13-2925 d)were collected.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to stratify patients by age(≤50 years-old,n=198;50-64 years-old,n=321;≥65 years-old,n=446)and by metastatic lymph node ratio[MLR<0.04(1/25),n=180;0.04-0.06(1/25-1/15),n=687;≥0.06(1/15),n=98]for 5-year survival analysis.The significance of intergroup differences between the survival curves was assessed by a log-rank test. RESULTS:The 5-year survival rate of the entire GC+SLNM patient population was 49.9%.Stratification analysis showed significant differences in survival time(post-operative days)according to age:≤50 yearsold:950.7±79.0 vs 50-64 years-old:1697.8±65.9 vs≥65 years-old:1996.2±57.6,all P<0.05.In addition,younger age(≤50 years-old)correlated significantly with mean survival time(r=0.367,P<0.001).Stratification analysis also indicated an inverse relationship between increasing MLR and shorter survival time:<0.04:52.8%and 0.04-0.06:51.1%vs≥0.06:40.5%,P<0.05.The patients with the shortest survival times and rates were younger and had a high MLR(≥0.06):≤50 years-old:496.4±133.0 and 0.0%vs 50-65 years-old:1180.9±201.8 and 21.4%vs≥65 years-old:1538.4±72.4 and 37.3%,all P<0.05.The same significant trend in shorter survival times and rates for younger patients was seen with     

Risk factors of non-sentinel lymph node metastasis in 443 breast cancer patients with sentinel lymph node-positive

Axillary lymph node dissection is the standard surgical procedure for breast cancer patients with sentinel lymph node (SLN) positive. In clinical practice, axillary lymph node dissection may be an unnecessary treatment for some breast cancer patients with non-sentinel lymph node (NSLN) negative. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors of NSLN metastasis in breast cancer patients with SLN positive. Four hundred fifty-six clinical early stage breast cancer patients with SLN positive were collected and analyzed in the oncological surgery department of Fujian Provincial Hospital during 2013 to 2018. All these patients underwent surgical treatment. The average age and tumor size of 443 patients with SLN positive breast cancer were (49.8 ± 10.8) years and (2.42 ± 0.94) cm. Univariate analysis showed that the size of primary tumor, the number of positive SLN, the number of negative SLN, the ratio of positive SLNs, and the type of metastases in SLN were the influencing factors of NSLN metastasis. Multivariate regression analysis showed that primary tumor size T > 2 cm (P < .001, OR = 2.609), the positive number of SLNs ≥3 (P = .002, OR = 5.435), the ratio of positive SLNs ≥ 50% (P = .017, OR = 1.770), and SLN macrometastases (P < 0.001, OR = 16.099) were independent risk factors for NSLN metastasis. Combined with the 4 independent risk factors, the area under the curve to predict NSLN metastasis was 0.747 > 0.7. For clinical early breast cancer with positive SLN, primary tumor size T > 2 cm,the positive number of SLNs ≥ 3, the ratio of positive SLNs ≥ 50%, and SLN macrometastases could predict NSLN metastasis well, and guide surgery to avoid overtreatment.     

胰周淋巴结转移瘤的多层CT灌注成像研究

目的 使用多层螺旋CT的体部灌注软件,测量和评价胰周淋巴结转移瘤与良性增生肿大淋巴结CT灌注值的差异和相关性.方法 采用Siemens SOMATOM Sensation Cardiac 64排螺旋CT体部灌注技术(0.4 s/周),5mm层厚,4层,120 kV,60mA;采用高压注射器注射非离子型对比剂40ml(300mg I/ml),流速4ml/s,延迟5s,数据采集40s.在工作站用Siemens Body Perfusion软件进行数据处理(去卷积算法),测量29例胰周淋巴结转移瘤和15例良性增生肿大淋巴结的血流量(BF),并进行统计学分析.结果 胰周淋巴结转移瘤BF平均值为(53.63±10.82)ml·min-1·100 ml-1,良性增生肿大淋巴结BF值为(29.78±7.52)ml·min-1·100 ml-1,差别有显著统计学意义(P<0.001).结论 MSCT灌注成像法对胰周淋巴结转移瘤的鉴别诊断具有临床应用价值.     

Indications for surgical treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with lymph node metastases

Background/Purpose

The postoperative outcome of patients who have intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with lymph node metastases is extremely poor, and the indications for surgery for such patients have yet to be clearly established.

Methods

The demographic and clinical characteristics of 133 patients who underwent lymph node dissection during hepatic resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Multivariate analysis identified three independent prognostic factors: intrahepatic metastasis, nodal involvement, and tumor at the margin of resection. Of the patients with tumor-free surgical margins, none of the 24 patients who had both lymph node metastases and intrahepatic metastases survived for 3 years. In contrast, the survival rates for the 23 patients who had lymph node metastases associated with a solitary tumor were 35% at 3 years and 26% at 5 years.

Conclusions

Surgery alone cannot prolong survival when both lymph node metastases and intrahepatic metastases are present, while surgery may provide a chance for long-term survival in some patients who have lymph node metastases associated with a solitary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma tumor.

     

63例结核性淋巴结炎临床分析

目的分析淋巴结结核患者发病情况、诊断方法和治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2000年4月至2006年4月间63例本院确诊的淋巴节结核病人临床资料。结果颈淋巴结最常见,40例占63．4％。其次为腋下淋巴结结核17例（26．9％）、其它部位6例（9．5％）。多数病人结核菌素试验呈阳性反应。细针针吸活检所获得标本,51例作结核分支杆菌培养检查。18例（18／51）病人分离出结核分枝杆菌,敏感性极高（35．3％）。结论淋巴结结核在我国仍是一个常见病,且以外地民工多见。应充分重视。可采用结核菌素皮肤试验和细针活检术（FNA）相结合,诊断并不困难。     

Isolated tumor cell in lateral lymph node has no influences on the prognosis of rectal cancer patients

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of isolated tumor cells (ITC) and micrometastasis in lateral lymph nodes of patients with rectal cancer and its possible correlation with prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred seventy-seven rectal cancer patients who underwent curative resection with lateral lymph node dissection were enrolled. Dissected lymph nodes were examined using hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) with anti-keratin antibody (AE1/AE3). States of lymph node metastasis were divisible into three groups: detectable with HE (HE+), detectable with only IHC (HE-/IHC+), and undetectable even with IHC (IHC-). Almost all the HE-/IHC+ group was classified as ITC consisting of a few tumor cells according to the UICC criteria (ITC+). Survival rates were compared among HE+, ITC+, and IHC-. RESULTS: ITC+ were detected in 24.1% of patients with HE-negative lateral lymph nodes. No significant difference in overall 5-year survival was observed between ITC+ and IHC- patients (76.1 and 82.9%, respectively, p = 0.25). Multivariate analysis showed that perirectal HE+ lymph nodes, but not ITC+ lateral lymph nodes, was an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: ITC in lateral lymph nodes does not contribute to the prognosis of rectal cancer in patients who undergo extended lateral lymph node dissection, unlike HE+ lateral lymph node metastasis.     

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with melanoma and breast cancer

Abstract
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNLB) is a new method for staging regional node fields in patients with cancers that have a propensity to metastasise to lymph nodes. The majority of early experience has been obtained in patients with melanoma and breast cancer.
The technique requires the close cooperation of nuclear medicine physicians, surgical oncologists and histopathologists to achieve the desired accuracy. It involves: (i) identification of all lymph nodes that directly drain a primary tumour site (the sentinel nodes) by the use of pre-operative lymphoscintigraphy, (ii) selective excision of these nodes by the surgeon, guided by pre-operative blue dye injection and a gamma detecting probe intra-operatively and (iii) careful histological examination of the sentinel nodes by the histopathologist using serial sections and immunohistochemical stains.
If the nodes are normal it can be inferred with a high degree of accuracy that all nodes in the node field are normal. This means that radical dissections of draining node fields can be avoided in patients with normal lymph nodes.
A further advantage of lyamphatic mapping is that drainage to sentinel nodes in unusual locations is identified, leading to more accurate nodal staging than could be achieved with routine dissection of the closest node field. (Intern Med J 2001; 31: 547–553)     

肝门部胆管癌外科治疗预后影响因素分析*

目的 探讨影响外科治疗肝门部胆管癌（HCCA）患者预后的因素。方法 2010年1月~2014年1月收治的HCCA患者120例,行手术切除者67例【其中行根治性切除30例,姑息性切除（R1,R2）37例】和行胆管引流术53例（内引流术30例,外引流术23例）。结果 120例HCCA患者术后1 a、2 a、3 a生存率分别为67.5%（81/120）、45.8%（55/120）、25.0%（30/120）,其中根治性切除患者1 a、2 a、3 a生存率分别为93.33%、73.33%、60.00%,生存时间为（30.26±5.26） m,显著高于姑息性切除患者的（67.57%、48.65%、32.43%)和（22.14±4.78） m或胆管引流术患者【（52.83%、28.30%、0.0%)和（15.21±3.74） m, P<0.05】,姑息性切除患者上述指标又显著高于胆管引流术患者（P<0.05）;COX多因素分析显示,手术方式、切缘情况、细胞分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移和门静脉侵犯均为影响HCCA患者外科治疗后生存的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 影响HCCA患者治疗后预后的因素较多,应针对性地做出评估,给予合理的治疗,以使患者最大获益。     

颈部淋巴结转移与甲状腺乳头状癌的治疗及预后

颈部淋巴结转移在甲状腺乳头状癌中较为普遍.尽管颈部淋巴结转移可独立预测甲状腺乳头状癌的复发,但其对于肿瘤预后的影响仍有争议.预防性中央区淋巴结对甲状腺乳头状癌患者的价值尚不清楚,尤其是术前无颈部淋巴结转移的临床或影像学证据时.对于存在危险因素的甲状腺乳头状癌患者,如男性、年龄大于45岁、肿瘤直径＞4 cm、多灶性和甲状腺外侵犯以及BRAF基因突变阳性等,术前应认真评估颈部淋巴结,必要时可行预防性中央区淋巴结清扫.     

AIDS合并淋巴结病变的超声表现

目的探讨AIDS合并淋巴结病变的超声声像图特征及临床应用价值。方法对77例230个经病理证实的淋巴结病灶超声表现进行回顾性分析。结果77例AIDS淋巴结病变中：①以淋巴结结核较为常见,其次为真菌感染（马尔尼菲青霉病为AIDS特有感染）;②肿瘤病变为恶性淋巴瘤和卡波西肉瘤;③多种类型淋巴结病变常同时存在且易播散;④最常累及的部位依次为颈部、腹部、腹股沟和腋窝。结论超声可作为AIDS淋巴结病变诊断和鉴别诊断首选的影像学检查方法。