彩超和MRCP诊断胆总管结石临床应用价值分析

目的：探讨胆囊结石患者术前常规行磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）检查的临床价值。方法回顾分析我院行腹腔镜下胆囊切除术的1049例患者的临床资料,术前均行彩超和 MRCP 检查,以术中探查和（或）内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术取出结石为诊断的金标准,比较两种方法的诊断效能。结果 MRCP 诊断胆总管结石的敏感度为96.49%,显著高于彩超诊断（64.21%,P＜0.01）;MRCP 诊断胆总管结石的准确度为96.85%,显著高于彩超诊断（79.22%,P＜0.01）;MRCP 诊断胆总管结石的阳性预测值为97.39%,显著高于彩超诊断（93.55%,P＜0.01）;MRCP 诊断胆总管结石的阴性预测值为96.85%,显著高于彩超诊断（71.34%,P＜0.01）;MRCP 诊断胆总管结石的特异度为97.24%,与彩超诊断无显著性差异（95.26%,P〉0.05）。结论 MRCP 诊断胆总管结石的价值明显高于彩超检查,是诊断胆总管结石的最佳检查方法,对怀疑有胆总管结石的胆囊结石患者,术前常规行MRCP 检查具有重要的临床意义。     

Diagnostic value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography to detect bile duct stones in acute biliary pancreatitis

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in detecting common bile duct (CBD) stones in acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP).

The value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for the exclusion of choledocholithiasis

Objective: To investigate the ability of Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) to exclude choledocholithiasis (CDL) in symptomatic patients.

Material and methods: Patients suspected of choledocholithiasis who underwent MRCP from 2008 through 2013 in a population based study at the National University Hospital of Iceland were retrospectively analysed, using ERCP and/or intraoperative cholangiography as a gold standard diagnosis for CDL.

Results: Overall 920 patients [66% women, mean age 55 years (SD 21)] underwent MRCP. A total of 392 patients had a normal MRCP of which 71 underwent an ERCP investigation demonstrating a CBD stone in 29 patients. A normal MRCP was found to have a 93% negative predictive value (NPV) and 89% probability of having no CBD stone demonstrated as well as no readmission due to gallstone disease within six months following MRCP. During a 6-month follow-up period of the 321 patients who did not undergo an ERCP nine (2.8%) patients were readmitted with right upper quadrant pain and elevated liver tests which later normalised with no CBD stone being demonstrated, three (0.9%) patients were readmitted with presumed gallstone pancreatitis, two (0.6%) patients were readmitted with cholecystitis and two (0.6%) patients were lost to follow-up. Seven patients of those 321 underwent an intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) and all were negative for CBD stones. For the sub-group requiring ERCP following a normal MRCP the NPV was 63%.

Conclusion: Our results support the use of MRCP as a tool for exclusion of choledocholithiasis with the potential to reduce the amount of unnecessary ERCP procedures.     

Diagnostic value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for clinically suspicious spontaneous passage of bile duct stones

Background and Aim: We investigated the usefulness of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and the need for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with clinically suspicious spontaneous passage of bile duct stones. Methods: The study population consisted of 113 patients suspected of having common duct bile stones. Of them, 50 patients were clinically suspected of spontaneous passage of bile duct stones based on the presence of gallbladder stones on ultrasound examination or a history of common bile duct stones after cholecystectomy, clinical symptoms including abdominal pain and fever associated with inflammatory reaction and marked rise of hepatobiliary enzymes which resolved or normalized after conservative treatment without evidence of stones in the common bile duct on MRCP. These 50 patients were prospectively followed up for a median of 10.2 months. Results: All patients except for one had had no symptoms related to cholangitis. Only one patient received ERCP due to recurrence of symptoms after 6 months. Conclusion: When clinical symptoms improve, hematological parameters normalize, and MRCP indicates that there are no stones in the common bile duct, it can be considered that the stones have passed naturally.     

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for suspected choledocholithiasis: From guidelines to clinical practice

AIM: To study the practical applicability of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guidelines in suspected cases of choledocholithiasis.METHODS: This was a retrospective single center study, covering a 4-year period, from January 2010 to December 2013. All patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) for suspected choledocholithiasis were included. Based on the presence or absence of predictors of choledocholithiasis(clinical ascending cholangitis, common bile duct(CBD) stones on ultrasonography(US), total bilirubin > 4 mg/d L, dilated CBD on US, total bilirubin 1.8-4 mg/d L, abnormal liver function test, age > 55 years and gallstone pancreatitis), patients were stratified in low, intermediate or high risk for choledocholithiasis. For each predictor and risk group we used the χ2 to evaluate the statistical associations with the presence of choledocolithiasis at ERCP. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 268 ERCPs were performed for suspected choledocholithiasis. Except for gallstone pancreatitis(P = 0.063), all other predictors of cho-ledocholitiasis(clinical ascending cholangitis, P = 0.001; CBD stones on US, P ≤ 0.001; total bilirubin > 4 mg/dL, P = 0.035; total bilirubin 1.8-4 mg/dL, P = 0.001; dilated CBD on US, P ≤ 0.001; abnormal liver function test, P = 0.012; age > 55 years, P = 0.002) showed a statistically significant association with the presence of choledocholithiasis at ERCP. Approximately four fifths of patients in the high risk group(79.8%, 154/193 patients) had confirmed choledocholithiasis on ERCP, vs 34.2%(25/73 patients) and 0(0/2 patients) in the intermediate and low risk groups, respectively. The definition of "high risk group" had a sensitivity of 86%, positive predictive value 79.8% and specificity 56.2% for the presence of choledocholithiasis at ERCP. CONCLUSION: The guidelines should be considered to optimize patients’ selection for ERCP. For high risk patients specificity is still low, meaning that some patients perform ERCP unnecessarily.     

磁共振胰胆管成像对腹腔镜胆囊切除术的风险因素分析

目的 研究磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）在腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）术前发挥的作用。方法将2004年6月至2007年6月的944例胆囊结石患者在术前随机给予MRCP检查,了解胆囊结石合并胆总管结石,及胆道解剖异常的发生率。将合并胆总管结石或存在胆道解剖异常患者的术前资料和MRCP的结果进行对比分析。结果胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的发生率为8．1％（77／944）,其中无征兆胆总管结石的发生率为1．2％（11／944）,胆道解剖异常的发生率3．7％（35／944）。胆总管直径〉0．8cm者MRCP阳性率83％;胆囊结石病史5年以上者MRCP阳性率11％;有黄疸病史者MRCP阳性率65％;有胆源性胰腺炎病史者MRCP阳性率29％;实验室检查肝功能异常者MRCP阳性率33％;多发胆囊结石者MRCP阳性率13％,其中〈0．3cm的泥沙样结石MRCP阳性率15％。结论MRCP对胆总管结石及胆道解剖异常有很高的诊断价值。对于有危险因素的患者术前给予MRCP检查可降低LC术后胆总管残余结石及胆道损伤的发生率。     

EUS和MRCP对胆总管结石诊断准确性试验的Meta分析

目的通过Cochrane协作网推荐的头对头比较的诊断准确性试验(DTA)的Meta分析方法,系统评价和比较超声内镜(EUS)和磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)对胆总管结石的诊断价值。方法检索Ovid Medline、PubMed、EmBase、Cochrane Library、Clinical Trials和ISI Web of Knowledge数据库中建库至2019年1月有关EUS和MRCP对胆总管结石诊断价值的文献。公认的参考标准为经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)、术中胆管造影(IOC)或阴性病例临床随访>3个月。使用QUADAS-2工具评价纳入研究的质量。采用RevMan 5.2、STATA 12和Meta-DiSc 1.4软件进行Meta分析,合并诊断效应量,绘制森林图和SROC曲线并计算曲线下面积(AUC),比较EUS和MRCP对胆总管结石的诊断效能。结果共纳入32项研究中的5项,累计病例272例。纳入的研究均未表现出高偏倚风险。随机效应模型合并统计显示,EUS诊断胆总管结石的灵敏度为0.97,特异度为0.90,阳性似然比为7.54,阴性似然比为0.07,诊断比值比(DOR)为162.55。MRCP诊断胆总管结石的灵敏度为0.87,特异度为0.92,阳性似然比为8.99,阴性似然比为0.19,DOR为79.02。EUS的合并DOR明显高于MRCP(P=0.008),进一步分析表明,这主要是由于EUS的灵敏度显著高于MRCP(P=0.006)。两种方式的特异度差异无统计学意义(P=0.42)。SROC曲线显示,EUS和MRCP的AUC分别为0.9771和0.9523,Q*统计量分别为0.9320和0.8936,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论EUS和MRCP对胆总管结石均能提供良好的诊断准确性,但EUS具有更高的诊断准确性和灵敏度,且具有相当的特异度。在适当的情况下,EUS应被纳入胆总管结石疑似患者的诊断方式中。     

磁共振胰胆管成像与内镜逆行胰胆管造影术对梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值

目的：评价磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）与经内镜胰胆管造影（ERCP）对梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值。方法：对32例梗阻性黄疸患者先后进行MRCP与ERCP检查，所有诊断均经手术或病理证实。结果：MRCP与ERCP对梗阻的定位准确率分别为90.6％（29/32）及82.8％（24/29），两者差异无统计学意义（P=0.5960），合并两者检查的准确率为96.9％（31/32），与单项MRCP(P=0.3010)、ERCP(P=0.0643)准确率差异无显著性意义。MRCP与ERCP对梗阻的定性诊断准确性分别为75.0％（24/32）及72.4（21/29），两者间差异无显著意义（P=0.9503），合并两者检查的准确率为93.8％（30/32），高于MRCP(P=0.0387)或ERCP(P=0.0245)单项检查。结论：MRCP与ERCP都是有效、安全的诊断梗阻性黄疸的方法，MRCP与ERCP相结合诊断准确率可进一步提高。     

磁共振胰胆管造影术与内镜逆行胰胆管造影术的对照研究

目的 通过磁共振胰胆管造影术（ＭＲＣＰ）与内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ＥＲＣＰ）的对照研究,评价ＭＲＣＰ对胰胆系疾病的诊断价值。方法 ４０例疑有胰胆系疾病的患者进行了ＭＲＣＰ及ＥＲＣＰ检查,两者结果作对照研究。结果 本组资料中ＭＲＣＰ对胰胆系疾病总的诊断价值为敏感度８９．１％、特异度１００％、准确度９０％,ＥＲＣＰ总的诊断价值为敏感度８４．２％、特异度１００％、准确度８５％,两者统计学上无显著性差异。结     

比较彩超与磁共振胰胆管成像诊断胆总管结石的临床价值

目的 分析比较彩超与磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）检查诊断胆总管结石的价值。方法 我院疑诊为胆总管结石患者102例,均接受彩超和MRCP检查。以手术后病理学检查为金标准,应用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）下面积（AUC）计算诊断的灵敏度、特异度和Youden指数。结果 在102例疑诊为胆总管结石患者中,经手术后病理学检查证实为胆总管结石90例;彩超检查发现单发结石39例（43.3%）,多发结石25例（27.8%）,而MRCP则分别检出46例（51.1%）和39例（43.3%）,MRCP检查结石检出率为94.4%,显著高于彩超检查的71.1%（P<0.05）;在直径>1.0 cm、0.5~1.0 cm和<0.5 cm结石,MRCP分别检出33例（36.7%）、45例（50.0%）和7例（7.8%）,与彩超检查比,差异显著（分别为31例（34.4%）、32例（35.6%）和1例（1.1%,P<0.05）;MRCP检出结石直径为（1.1~0.8）cm,显著小于彩超检出的（1.4~0.6）cm（P<0.05）,而两种方法未检出的结石直径无显著性差异【分别为（0.8~0.2）cm和（0.6~0.4）cm,P>0.05】;彩超检查诊断的灵敏度为71.1%,特异度为75.0%,Youden指数为0.5,而MRCP检查诊断的灵敏度为94.4%,特异度为91.7%,Youden指数为0.9（P<0.05）。结论 MRCP较彩超检查能发现更小的胆总管结石,并能准确判断结石数量,诊断价值更高。     

Prospective evaluation of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in patients with biliary disease: comparative study with conventional ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: Diagnostic algorithm

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography is an accurate technique that can replace invasive diagnostic methods of the biliary and pancreatic duct. AIMS: Our aim was to assess sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and ultrasonography using the results of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography as reference, and to establish a diagnostic algorithm under which circumstances magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography can replace endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. PATIENTS: Eighty-three patients with suspicion of biliary disease based on clinical, biochemical and ultrasonography findings were studied. METHODS: Ultrasonography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were performed, comparing the results of the techniques for the determination of their sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity results obtained by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography were: 100 and 92.8% when dilated ducts were detected (n=61); 97.4 and 97.2% in the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis (n=38); 100 and 96.7% in malignant lesions (n=14) and 81.8 and 98.4% when biliary ducts were normal. The percentage of images of diagnostic quality was 97.6%. Sensitivity and specificity achieved by ultrasonography was: 100 and 57.1% in detection of dilatation, 71 and 97.2% in choledocholithiasis, 92.8 and 96.7% in malignancy and 66.6 and 96.8% in normal ducts. CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography is a technique with high sensitivity and specificity in the evaluation of biliary ducts. Thus, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography may replace diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for purely diagnostic purposes, following an initial clinical and ultrasonographic exam.     

Various approaches of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration plus primary duct closure for choledocholithiasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Common bile duct(CBD) stones may occur in up to 3%–14.7% of all patients with cholecystectomy. Various approaches of laparoscopic CBD exploration plus primary duct closure(PDC) are the most commonly used and the best methods to treat CBD stone. This systematic review was to compare the effectiveness and safety of the various approaches of laparoscopic CBD exploration plus PDC for choledocholithiasis.Data sources: Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) and non-randomized controlled trials(NRCTs)(casecontrol studies or cohort studies) were searched from Cochrane library(until Issue 2, 2015), Web of Science(1980-January 2016), Pub Med(1966-January 2016), and Baidu search engine. After independent quality assessment and data extraction, meta-analysis was conducted using Rev Man 5.1 software.Results: Four RCTs and 18 NRCTs were included. When compared with choledochotomy exploration(CE) plus T-tube drainage(TTD)(CE + TTD), CE plus PDC(CE + PDC) and CE + PDC with biliary drainage(BD)(CE + PDC + BD) had a lower rate of postoperative biliary peritonitis(OR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.88;P 0.05; OR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.84; P 0.05; respectively) where T-tubes were removed more than3 weeks. The operative time of CE + PDC was significantly shorter(WMD =-24.82; 95% CI:-27.48,-22.16; P 0.01) than that of CE + TTD in RCTs. Cystic duct exploration(CDE) plus PDC(CDE + PDC) has a lower rate of postoperative complications(OR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.67; P 0.01) when compared with CE + PDC. Confluence part micro-incision exploration(CME) plus PDC(CME + PDC) has a lower rate of postoperative bile leakage(OR = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.74; P 0.05) when compared with CE + PDC.Conclusion: PDC with other various approaches are better than TTD in the treatment of choledocholithiasis.     

Prospective study of diagnostic value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography versus endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in cholangiopancreatic diseases

OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) versus endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreato­graphy (ERCP) in the detection of cholangiopan­creatic diseases via a prospective study. METHODS: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was performed in 63 patients with suspected cholangiopancreatic diseases and followed by ERCP within 24 h. The MRCP and ERCP images were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: Of the 63 patients studied, 56 (88.9%) were correctly diagnosed by using ERCP and seven (11.1%) by using percutaneous transhepatic cholangio­graphy (PTC); however, all these patients were successfully diagnosed by using MRCP. Cholangio­pancreatic diseases were diagnosed by MRCP with a sensitivity of 98.2%, a specificity of 83.3%, a misdiagnostic rate of 16.7% and a missed diagnostic rate of 1.8%. The total concordance rate of MRCP, ERCP and PTC was 85.7%. For specific conditions, the concordance rates were as follows: biliary calculi 100%; tumors of the bile duct 92.9%; papillary lesions 70.6%; hepatic distomiasis 66.7%; chronic pancreatitis 100%. The complications associated with ERCP were five cases of acute pancreatitis and one case of perinephric abscess. The patient with perinephric abscess had previously had a B‐II operation. The complication rate associated with ERCP was 9.5% (6/63), but no complications were associated with MRCP. CONCLUSION: We conclude that MRCP is as effective as ERCP for the diagnosis of bile duct lesions, such as biliary calculi and tumors, but not for papillary lesions and liver fluke infections. Although MRCP can be used in patients who can’t tolerate ERCP or when there are contraindications to using ERCP, it should not be used for therapeutic purposes.     

磁共振成像在致心律不齐性右室型心肌病的诊断价值

目的回顾性分析27例致心律不齐性右室型心肌病（ARVC）的磁共振成像（MRI）表现,探讨MRI在ARVC的诊断与预后判断中的价值。方法按照1994年WHO关于ARVC的诊断标准,2004年10月至2006年6月共27例临床诊断或病理确诊为ARVC（6例行心脏移植术）,男21例,女6例,平均年龄37．4（15～67）岁。采用1．5T超导MRI扫描仪对心脏形态（脂肪浸润、房室大小）、功能（室壁局部与整体运动功能）、心肌灌注与心肌存活等方面进行综合评价。结果形态学：88．89％（24／27）的病例MRI提示心肌脂肪浸润,62．96％（17／27）右室壁变薄,62．96％（17／27）右室心尖肌小梁明显粗乱,66．67％（18／27）右室流出道扩张,51．85％（14／27）右室心尖扩张,66．67％（18／27）右室下壁及游离壁扩张,40．74％（11／27）合并右房增大。心脏功能：18．52％（5／27）的病例右室局部运动功能异常,70．37％（19／27）整体运动功能异常,右室平均射血分数（EF）35％。40．74％（11／27）的患者合并左室扩大并室壁收缩运动明显减弱。心肌首过灌注示10．52％（2／19）的患者左室受累,36．84％（7／19）的患者左室和右室壁出现异常强化,提示心肌纤维或胶原变性。右室壁强化区域主要位于右室游离壁和右室流出道肌壁,左室则主要位于左室侧壁,少数合并左室心尖或室间隔,5例左室侧壁异常强化经术后病理证实为纤维组织。仅1例表现为右室流出道增宽,但左室心肌显著变薄,收缩运动明显减弱;有3例右室MRI无阳性表现,其中2例左室侧壁室壁变薄并运动异常,延迟显像为异常强化,另1例表现为类似扩张型心肌病样改变。结论MRI高度的软组织对比与多序列成像可对ARVC进行全面诊断与预后评价,但少数以左室异常表现为主而无明显或仅轻微右室异常的病例,MRI易误诊,其左室侧壁段的纤维化为ARVC相对特征表现。右室整体运动异常、广泛纤维脂肪浸润、合并左室扩张并运动异常为其预后不良的指标。     

三维磁共振胰胆管成像诊断小儿胆道闭锁价值分析

目的 研究磁共振成像(MRI)三维磁共振胰胆管成像(3D-MRCP)诊断小儿胆道闭锁(BA)的临床价值.方法 2016年4月～2020年4月我院收治的疑似BA患儿24例,接受常规MRI和3D-MRCP检查.对患儿采取Kasai术,以手术后组织病理学检查结果为金标准,判断3D-MRCP诊断BA的效能.结果 24例疑似BA...     

胆管梗阻患者的磁共振成像与超声影像比较

目的探讨超声和磁共振成像胰胆管水成像（MRCP）诊断梗阻性黄疸的差异。方法选择经过磁共振成像（MRI、MRCP）和超声检查并经过手术证实为梗阻性黄疸患者45例，分析两种影像学判定梗阻部位和疾病定性的准确性。结果对于结石，MRI结合MRCP定位的准确率为95．56％；超声的准确率为77．78％。MRI（MRCP）和超声定性的准确率不具有统计学差异（χ^2=1．083，P〉0．05），但超声准确率（96．15％）大于磁共振。对于恶性梗阻，MRI（MRCP）和超声定位的准确率分别为94．74％和68．42％（χ^2=4．38，P〈0．05）。结论超声对于结白的诊断敏感性高，但对于良恶性病变所致黄疸的定性和定位，磁共振成像（MRI、MRCP）则更具有优势。     

Risk factors of recurrent choledocholithiasis following therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Background: The risk factors for the recurrent choledocholithiasis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) have not been well studied. The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors of recurrent choledocholithiasis. Methods: We carried out a retrospective analysis of data collected between January 1, 2010 and January 1, 2020. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were used to explore the independent risk factors of recurrent choledocholithiasis following therape...     

磁共振成像对类风湿关节炎诊断效率的荟萃分析

目的 系统评价磁共振成像(MRI)对于类风湿关节炎(RA)的诊断效能.方法 计算机检索国内外各主要数据库,辅以手工检索和其他检索方法,收集关于MRI诊断RA的对照试验,检索时间 1996-2009年.按照纳入标准筛选文献并提取资料,采用Meta-disc软件合并敏感性,特异性,阳性似然比,阴性似然比,诊断性试验比值比,进行异质性分析(Q-检验,I2),当P>0.10,且I2≤50%时无异质性.结果 共纳入12项随机对照试验.结果 显示病程≤2年的RA患者,滑膜炎、骨侵蚀和腱鞘炎诊断的敏感度分别为81%～100%、48%、100%~67%~96%,特异度分别为64%～89%、16%~100%~21%~74%.病程>2年的RA患者,滑膜炎、骨侵蚀诊断的敏感度分别为91%、84%,特异度分别为70%、81%.结论 MRI显示滑膜炎对于早期和中晚期RA有诊断意义,骨侵蚀和腱鞘炎对于早期RA的诊断意义有待进一步研究.纳入研究样本量小,对照组病例缺乏代表性,建议设计严谨且更大样本病例的临床研究.

Abstract：

objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)for rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods The major international databases was searched by computer and Other methods to collect control studies about MRI for the diagnosis of RA,the searching deadline was December 2009.Data were screened and extracted by inclusion criteria.Meta-disc software Was used for statistics,including sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio,negative likelihood ratio,diagnostic odds ratio(OR)and heterogeneity analysis.Results Twelve random control tests were included.Meta-analysis indicated that sensitivities of vities of synovitis,bone-erosion and tendenosynovitis were 81%~100%,48%～100%and 67%～96%while specificities of them were 64%～89%,16%~100%and 21%-74%respectively for RA patients(≤2vears).Sensitivities of synovitis and bone-erosion were 91%and 84%while specificities of them were 70%and 81%for RA Datients (>2 years).Conclusion Synovitis shown by MRI is helpful for the diagnosis of earlv and med-to-late RA.Diagnostic values of bone-erosion and tendonosynovitis demonstrated by MRI for earlv RA were not clear.The sample size of the included studies is small and some studies lack of control groupsput the conclusion of this meta-analysis liable for bias.We suggest that better designed and larger sample clinical studies are necessary.     

Self-expandable metal stents for choledocholithiasis in Billroth II gastrectomy patients

Background

Efficient ampullary intervention is essential for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with a prior Billroth II gastrectomy. We retrospectively evaluated the safety and effectiveness of ampullary intervention using fully covered self-expandable metal stents (FCSEMSs) for the management of common bile duct (CBD) stones in a subset of patients with a history of Billroth II gastrectomy.