Differences in proximal femur geometry distinguish vertebral from femoral neck fractures in osteoporotic women

Bone mineral density (BMD) is generally used to predict the risk of fracture in osteoporotic subjects. However, femoral neck BMD and spine BMD have been reported not to be significantly different among patients with hip or vertebral fractures, suggesting that other risk factors are needed to determine the different fracture types. Proximal femur geometry (PFG) parameters, such as hip axis length (HAL), femoral neck-shaft angle (NSA) and femoral neck diameter (FND) have also been shown to predict the risk of hip fracture. These parameters are statistically different in spine fractures compared with both types of hip fractures (trochanteric and femoral neck) when considered together. We wanted to assess the difference in these parameters by comparing spine fractures with a homogeneous group of hip fractures, i.e. femoral neck fractures. 807 post-menopausal women were divided into three groups; those with vertebral fractures (182), those with femoral neck fractures (134) and a control group without fractures (491). Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of the spine and hip were carried out to measure BMD and define the PFG parameters of the hip. Data were statistically analysed. In agreement with other authors, we found that women with femoral neck fractures had longer HAL, wider FND and larger NSA than controls, whereas there were no statistically significant differences in PFG between women with spine fractures and controls. Logistic regression showed HAL and NSA could predict the risk of femoral neck but not vertebral fracture. These data indicate specificity of some PFG parameters for hip fracture risk.     

女性髋部骨质疏松性骨折患者股骨近端几何结构对患者骨折危险的影响

目的研究女性髋部骨质疏松性骨折患者股骨近端几何结构对患者骨折危险的影响,以及股骨近端几何结构是否是独立于骨密度之外与髋骨骨折密切相关的危险因素。方法 2013年5月—2016年7月延安市人民医院骨科收治171例65周岁以上髋部骨质疏松性骨折女性患者(试验组,其中股骨颈骨折97例,股骨粗隆间骨折74例),另在同时期门诊收治65周岁以上骨质疏松症女性患者386例(对照组),采用双能X线吸收分析技术(DXA)分析比较这两组患者的骨密度(BMD)差异,并分析股骨近端几何结构与两种髋骨骨折之间的相关性。结果两组的体重、股骨颈横截面积(CSA)、股骨颈长(NL)、股骨颈宽与股骨近端骨密度差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。其中对照组股骨近端骨密度比试验组高(P0.05)。此外,在股骨颈骨折组中,股骨颈横截面积与股骨颈长骨折的比值比(OR)分别降低了1.98和1.72倍,而股骨颈宽骨折的OR增加了1.52倍;在粗隆间骨折组中,股骨颈宽骨折的OR则增加了1.44倍(P0.05),并且这些OR与股骨近端骨密度没有相关性。结论股骨颈宽是除骨密度以外独立的与女性髋骨骨折密切相关的危险因素。     

Quantitative ultrasound of the phalanges and DXA of the lumbar spine and proximal femur in evaluating the risk of osteoporotic vertebral fracture in postmenopausal women

Purpose

This study was undertaken to compare the quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters of amplitudedependent speed of sound (AD-SoS) and ultrasound bone profile index (UBPI) of the phalanges with bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and proximal hip using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in discriminating women with vertebral fracture.

Materials and methods

A total of 692 postmenopausal Caucasian women were included in the study. The presence of vertebral fracture was evaluated by radiography. AD-SoS and UBPI were measured at the phalangeal metaphysis using a DBM Sonic device. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for vertebral fractures. The ORs were also adjusted for the significant anthropometric variables of age, weight and height. Furthermore, for QUS parameters, the ORs were also adjusted for lumbar spine and total hip BMD.

Results

All measurements obtained with DXA and QUS significantly discriminated between women with and without fractures (p<0.0001). However, the OR was higher for lumbar spine BMD (OR 4.01), AD-SoS (OR 3.81), total hip (OR 3.7) and femoral neck BMD (OR 3.62).

Conclusions

The QUS parameter AD-SoS showed diagnostic sensitivity equal to that of lumbar DXA in discriminating between women with and without osteoporotic vertebral fractures.     

Bone structure of the distal radius and the calcaneus vs BMD of the spine and proximal femur in the prediction of osteoporotic spine fractures

The aim of this study was to compare structure measures obtained from high-resolution MR images of the calcaneus and the distal radius with bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine and hip in the prediction of osteoporotic spine fracture status. High-resolution MR images of the calcaneus and radius were obtained in 24 post-menopausal women with spine fractures and 22 age-matched controls. Imaging was performed at 1.5 T using a T1-weighted spin-echo sequence (slice thickness 1 mm, in-plane spatial resolution 195 x 195 microm(2)). Structure analysis was performed using parameters analogous to standard histomorphometry. Bone mineral density of the spine was obtained using quantitative CT and of the hip with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Significant differences between both patient groups were obtained with BMD and all structure parameters ( p<0.05). Using receiver operating characteristic analysis to determine the diagnostic performance in differentiating both groups, the best results were found for BMD of the spine, one of the radial structure measures and a combination of the calcaneal structure measures. In this study BMD of the spine and structure measures of the distal radius were best suited to predict the osteoporotic fracture status of the spine. A combination of BMD and structure measures did not yield any additional information on fracture status.     

非骨水泥人工髋关节置换术后股骨近端的骨反应--附41个关节X线片分析

目的：观察和分析非骨水泥人工髋关节置换术后股骨近端的骨反应。方法：对３８例４１个关节于术前和术后、术后第２,４,６,８,１０,１２个月及术后每年以同等条件摄骨盆正位像,观察和分析股骨近端的骨反应。结果：４１个关节中有３０个关节发生不同程度的骨反应,其中有些关节同时出现几种骨反应。本组病例所发生的骨反应可分为两类,既增生类和吸收类。增生类多发生在１、３、４、５、７区,这是一种有益的骨反应,能加强对假     

髋关节置换术中股骨骨折的处理与相关危险因素分析

目的 分析髋关节置换术中股骨骨折的危险因素并探讨其处理方法.方法 对我科2002年11月-2009年11月收治的38例髋关节置换术中发生股骨骨折的患者资料进行回顾性分析.骨折分类按照Amstutz分型或美国骨科医师协会(AAOS)分型,并据此选择治疗方法.25例予术中内固定,包括14例单纯捆绑固定,5例钢板固定和6例大段异体骨结合钢丝捆绑带捆扎固定.有12例更换长柄假体.结果 平均随访4.5年(0.5～7.5年),有36例正常愈合,2例延迟愈合,有1例4年后假体柄松动需要翻修.结论 骨质疏松、术中暴力、髓腔发育异常和假体型号过大是术中股骨骨折的主要原因.按照骨折分型选择适当的治疗方法多能取得满意的临床效果.     

Geometry of the proximal femur in relation to age and sex: a cross-sectional study in healthy adult Danes

PURPOSE: To describe the natural variation in hip geometry in relation to Danish population characteristics, and to establish normal reference values. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included 249 healthy individuals (94 M and 155 F, aged 19-79 years) and measured hip-axis-length (HAL), neck-width (NW), neck-shaft-angle (NSA), and femoral head-radius (HR) on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) screen images. RESULTS: HAL, NW, HR, and NSA were higher in men than in women (10.9 +/- 0.7 vs. 9.5 +/- 0.6 cm (P<0.001), 3.8 +/- 0.3 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.3 cm (P<0.01), 2.5 +/- 0.3 vs. 2.3 +/- 0.2 cm (P< 0.001), and 131 +/- 5 vs. 129 +/- 5 degrees (P< 0.01). NSA was higher in post-menopausal than in pre-menopausal women (130 +/- 4 vs. 128 +/- 5 degrees (P<0.001)). In multiple regression analysis, HAL, NW, and HR were positively related to body height in both sexes (R = 0.20 to 0.63, P<0.05 to P<0.001). In females, NSA was positively related to body height (R = 0.20, P<0.05) and negatively to body weight (R = -0.30, P<0.01). NW increased with age in men (R = 0.34, P<0.01) but not in women. CONCLUSION: Hip dimensions differ between genders in the Danish population. HAL, NW, and HR depend on body height. Finally, NW increases with age in men but not in women.     

骨质疏松老年妇女股骨近端16层螺旋CT的定量研究

目的:通过16层螺旋CT中vQCT技术对骨质疏松性椎体骨折及无骨折老年妇女股骨近端进行多个容积性BMD指标的测量,比较两组妇女股骨近端小梁骨、皮质骨和整体骨容积性BMD的差异,评价骨质疏松性椎体骨折对股骨近端骨密度的影响程度。方法:将26例骨质疏松性椎体骨折病人归为第一组,年龄与第一组匹配的无脊椎骨折的30例骨质疏松老年妇女归为第二组。应用GE公司LightSpeed16型螺旋CT对56例病人股骨近端行容积扫描,行薄层重建图像,层厚1·25mm,在3D-VR影像中沿左股骨颈长轴方向确定数个与之相垂直的平面作为固定的解剖学标记,选取左侧股骨近端整体骨、股骨颈及粗隆间测量兴趣体积(VOI),经SunADW4·0计算机工作站直方图(histogram)功能测量左侧股骨颈3D小梁骨BMD(N-TRAB)、3D整体骨BMD(N-INTGL),左侧粗隆间3D小梁骨BMD(T-TRAB)、3D整体骨BMD(T-INTGL),左侧股骨近端3D小梁骨BMD(FEM-TRAB)、3D皮质骨BMD(FEM-CORT)和3D整体骨BMD(FEM-INTGL)值。所有病人双能X线吸收仪(GE-Lunar公司DPX型)测量指标为左侧股骨颈(NECK)及粗隆间BMD(TROCH)。比较两组老年妇女间9项BMD指标差异采用协方差分析。结果:两组老年妇女间股骨近端容积性BMD数值除FEM-CORT一项指标外其差异存在统计学意义,在调节年龄和体型因素后仍然在差异,第一组老年妇女比第二组容积性BMD值下降程度为14%~18%,且vQCT技术中股骨近端容积性BMD的测量精度较高;两组间DXA指标中BMD值的差异在调节年龄和体型因素后无统计学意义:在TTRAB指标中第一组老年妇女比第二组的BMD值下降幅度达17·7%,高于N-TRAB中BMD值的下降度14·3%。结论:首次应用16层螺旋CT进行股骨近端vQCT测量,证实此项技术比DXA更全面地反应骨质疏松性椎体骨折比无骨折老年妇女股骨近端骨密度的下降状况,且不受体型大小和骨形态变化因素的影响。     

Fractures of the proximal third of femur

Requests for '? fractured neck of femur' form a major part of the work in the accident and emergency X-ray department today. Good quality radiographs are essential for the correct diagnosis to be made. The type of fracture shown, together with age and health of the patient, will determine the repair undertaken. Regular radiography of the fracture site will demonstrate any subsequent local complications.     

髋关节表面置换术后股骨近端及髋臼骨密度初步研究

目的 评价髋关节表面置换术（RSAH）对股骨近端及髋臼侧骨量的影响.方法 选择符合入组标准的单侧RSAH病人26例,于术后1年行髋关节手术侧及健侧的股骨近端和髋臼的骨密度检查,参考Taylor及Wilkinson方法分别将术后股骨近端及髋臼分为6个（1～6区）和3个（A1～A3）兴趣区,测量各兴趣区骨密度,用t检验对各区手术侧与健侧骨密度值进行比较.结果 手术侧的股骨近端5、6区的骨密度值大于健侧的,两者差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;1、2、3、4区的骨密度值在手术侧与健侧间的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.髋臼侧全部区域中髋臼头侧（A1区）密度值,手术侧小于健侧,两者差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;手术侧与健侧的髋臼内侧及尾侧（A2、A3区）的骨密度比较,其差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 关节表面置换术后股骨近端骨量可以得到有效保存和恢复,而髋臼侧骨质有丢失可能.     

右股骨上端动脉瘤样骨囊肿伴病理性骨折1例的X线诊断

1临床资料 患者,男,25岁,跌伤疼痛1h来我院就诊。患者诉跌伤前一个月曾感右髋部疼痛,行走时明显。否认有发热、红肿。平素健康。2X线表现本病例属中心性骨内型病变,X线表现为右侧股骨粗隆间、股骨颈及部分股骨头均见囊状溶骨性透亮区,呈中心性生长,其内可见粗细不均的骨小梁状分隔,骨皮质变薄,     

Three-dimensional quantitative CT of the proximal femur: relationship to vertebral trabecular bone density in postmenopausal women

Dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) of the proximal femur cannot independently measure cortical and high-turnover cancellous bone. In this investigation, integrated cancellous, cortical, and total bone densities in the femoral neck and intertrochanteric region were measured bilaterally in 22 women aged 42-75 years. Contiguous section data were analyzed with two different protocols by means of three-dimensional histogram software. Single-section quantitative computed tomography (CT) was used to determine mean mineral equivalent values for vertebral cancellous bone from T-11 to L-3 in each woman. Significant correlation was found between cancellous bone density at the two sites, as well as between total femoral and vertebral measurements. Femoral cortical bone density was predicted less well by means of the vertebral cancellous data. Cortical, cancellous, and total proximal femoral density values tended to exhibit bilateral symmetry. Quantitative three-dimensional volumetric CT affords comprehensive evaluation of proximal femoral mineral status because of its capability for selective measurement of cortical, cancellous, and total bone density.     

股骨近端锁定加压接骨板治疗股骨粗隆下骨折24例临床疗效分析

股骨粗隆下骨折采用股骨近端锁定加压接骨板治疗24例,随访6个月～2年.根据黄公怡临床评定标准:优17例,良6例,差1例;优良率95.8%.此术式是治疗股骨粗隆下骨折的理想选择.     

股骨近端锁定钢板与动力髋螺钉治疗转子间骨折的分析

目的 比较股骨近端锁定钢板与动力髋螺钉(DHS)治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床效果.方法 收集2007年6月～2010年12月来我院就诊的股骨转予间骨折的患者87例,随机分成两组,分别采用股骨近端锁定钢板(47例)和DHS(40例)治疗,比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血、骨折愈合时间、髋关节功能Harris评分及术后并发症.结果 87例患者均获得随访,平均随访时间为11.6个月.两组患者在手术时间上无明显差异(P＞0.05),但近端锁定钢板组术中出血多于DHS组(P＜0.01);两组患者骨折愈合时间及Harris评分无统计学差异(P＞0.05);近端锁定钢板组出现2例锁定螺钉进入髋关节的并发症,DHS组出现1例髋内翻、1例头钉拔出.结论 股骨近端锁定钢板治疗转子间骨折临床效果与DHS相似,是一种较为理想的手术方式.     

股骨近端防旋髓内针与人工关节置换治疗老年股骨转子间骨折对比分析

目的探讨股骨近端防旋髓内针(PFNA)及人工髋关节置换(半髋及全髋)治疗老年股骨转子间骨折疗效对比。方法笔者回顾分析2010年~2013年间分别予PFNA及人工髋关节置换治疗的126例老年股骨转子间骨折患者临床资料,其中男性57例,女性69例;年龄65~92岁,平均74.5岁。对比分析该两种手术方法创伤大小、术后并发症、关节功能等方面优缺点。结果 PFNA治疗组患者切口小、深部组织损伤小、手术出血少,但有防旋刀片切割股骨颈情况出现;人工髋关节置换组术后下床时间早,但有人工关节脱位、感染出现;两组术后早期关节功能恢复并无明显差异,但术后1年PFNA组优于髋关节置换组。结论 PFNA治疗老年转子间骨折优于髋关节置换,但患者适应证选择较为重要。     

Change in mandibular trabecular pattern and hip fracture rate in elderly women

OBJECTIVES: To determine if alterations of trabecular pattern, or the rate of change of jaw trabeculae, are associated with rate of hip fracture. METHODS: Participants in a population-based study of residents of a California retirement community (Leisure World Cohort Study) were asked for permission to obtain their dental radiographs. Periapical radiographs were retrieved on 598 women (average age at time of first radiograph=77 years). Several measurements of trabecular pattern (strut analysis), textural properties (run-length analysis) and Fourier analysis were made in several anatomical regions of the jaw. These trabecular features and clinical information self-reported by subjects in the early 1980s were examined for association with hip fracture rate using Cox proportional-hazard regression. RESULTS: Rate of hip fracture increased with decreasing average length of node-to-terminus struts in the mandibular incisor region. Each 0.01 mm per year decrease in the average length of node-to-terminus struts increased hip fracture rate by a factor of 2.9 (P=0.02, accuracy=73%). Inclusion of clinical parameters improved the predictive model compared with use of the radiographic parameter alone (accuracy=79%). Similar results were seen for percent change per year in this parameter. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in radiographic trabecular structure, augmented with clinical information, are predictive of hip fracture in elderly women. Further refinement of both the radiographic and clinical parameters may lead to a screening process accessible to a large number of women and to early diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis.     

骨质疏松性骨折的外科处理

骨质疏松性骨折是矫形外科医生面临的一个棘手问题 ,其关键在于使用器械对这类骨折进行固定时 ,难以获得可靠的稳定性、术后内置物容易松动甚或脱落从而影响骨折的愈合。本文重点讨论了骨质疏松性骨折内固定的研究现况 :改进内固定物的设计 ;改进内固定物的材料 ;改进操作技术 ;以及增强疏松部位骨质的方法等。其中增强骨质应是今后研究的重点