大鼠孤束核微量注射γ-氨基丁酸对电针抗应激性胃黏膜损伤的影响

[目的]探讨孤束核内γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对电针(EA)抗应激性胃黏膜损伤的影响及机制。[方法]70只健康SD大鼠随机分为5组:单纯应激组、EA+应激组、0.85%氯化钠+EA+应激组、GABA+EA+应激组、荷苞牡丹碱+EA+应激组,每组14只。采用冷束缚法制备大鼠应激性胃溃疡模型,通过脑立体定位仪进行孤束核微量注射GABA和荷苞牡丹碱,测定各组大鼠胃黏膜溃疡指数(UI)、胃黏膜血流量(GMBF)、胃液酸度的变化。[结果]EA+应激组大鼠胃黏膜UI、胃液酸度降低,GMBF增加,与单纯应激组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。预先孤束核给予GABA处理,可减弱EA抗胃黏膜损伤的作用,胃黏膜UI、胃液酸度增高,GMBF减少,与NS+EA+应激组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。荷苞牡丹碱则明显加强EA对胃黏膜损伤的保护作用,胃黏膜UI、胃液酸度降低,GMBF增加,与NS+EA+应激组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]GABA能削弱EA抗应激性胃黏膜损伤作用,其作用部分是通过孤束核内GABAA受体介导的。     

损毁孤束核对电针足三里穴抗大鼠应激性胃溃疡作用的影响

目的:探讨孤束核(NTS)在电针(EA)足三里穴抗大鼠应激性胃溃疡中的作用.方法:健康♂SD大白鼠56只随机分为应激组、EA 应激组、NTS电损毁组、NTS假损毁组.通过脑立体定向仪电损毁大鼠孤束核,采用束缚-浸水制备大鼠应激性胃溃疡模型,分别测定各组胃黏膜损伤指数(UI)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量.结果:与应激组比较,EA 应激组UI明显减少(t=9.5071,P<0.01),SOD活性升高(t=3.8729,P<0.01),MDA降低(t=2.3578,P<0.05).NTS电损毁组分别与假损毁组和EA 应激组比较UI提高(t=4.4223,7.2579,均P<0.01),SOD活性降低(t=3.5625,3.7242,均P<0.01),MDA含量升高(t=2.9045,2.4960,均P<0.05).结论:电损毁孤束核后,电针足三里穴对应激性胃黏膜损伤的保护作用减弱.     

电针足三里穴抗大鼠应激性胃黏膜损伤的作用途径

[目的]探讨电针（EA）足三里穴抗大鼠应激性胃黏膜损伤的作用途径。[方法]采用束缚-冷应激方法制备大鼠应激性胃溃疡模型，观察切断膈下迷走神经或切除腹腔交感神经节及注射受体阻断剂对EA抗应激性胃黏膜损伤的影响。[结果]EA-模型组胃黏膜损伤明显减轻，溃疡指数（UI）与模型组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。切断双侧膈下迷走神经或切断腹腔交感神经节，大鼠UI减小，分别与腹部假手术组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。静脉给予β受体阻断剂普萘洛尔，可部分削弱EA对胃黏膜损伤的保护作用，与0．85％氯化钠组比较P〈0．01；而给予M受体阻断剂阿托品、α受体阻断剂酚妥拉明对EA保护胃黏膜损伤作用无明显影响（P〉0．05）。[结论]迷走神经和交感神经参与了电针对应激性胃黏膜损伤的调控作用，其作用部分是由β受体介导实现的。     

水浸束缚应激大鼠胃壁细胞形态和泌酸功能的研究

背景:应激性溃疡(SU)是临床危重疾病的常见并发症,通常认为胃黏膜缺血是SU的主要发病机制,而胃酸则在此基础上起重要作用,但胃酸在SU发病中的确切作用尚未完全阐明.目的:研究水浸束缚应激(WRS)大鼠胃壁细胞形态和泌酸功能的变化,以进一步阐明胃酸在SU发病中的作用.方法:将15只Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为WRS2 h组、WRS 4 h组和正常对照组,予相应处理后测定胃液pH值,处死大鼠,评估胃黏膜溃疡指数(UI),以免疫荧光技术标记H /K -ATP酶后用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察壁细胞形态并进行分类和计数.分析胃液pH值与胃黏膜UI和分泌期壁细胞数之间的关系.结果:WRS 2 h组和WRS 4 h组的胃液pH值均较正常对照组显著降低(P＜0.01),两组WRS组之间则无显著差异.WRS 2 h组和WRS 4 h组的胃黏膜UI和分泌期壁细胞(网格样细胞)数均显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.01),其中WRS 4 h组显著高于WRS 2 h组(P＜0.01).正常对照组的胃液pH值与分泌期壁细胞数呈负相关(r＝-0.81,P＜0.05),WRS组的胃液pH值与胃黏膜UI和分泌期壁细胞数均呈负相关(r=-0.85,P＜0.05;r=-0.89,P＜0.05).结论:WRS大鼠的胃酸分泌与胃黏膜UI和分泌期壁细胞数呈正相关,从细胞学水平证明胃酸增高在SU的形成中起重要作用.     

电针足三里穴抗大鼠应激性胃黏膜损伤作用与NTS内受体的关系

目的:探讨(EA)足三里穴抗大鼠应激性胃黏膜损伤作用与NTS(NTS)内受体关系．方法:健康♂SD大白鼠56只随机分为8组:应激模型组、EA-应激组、生理盐水(NS)-EA-应激组、哌唑嗪-EA-应激组、育亨宾-EA-应激组、心得安-EA-应激组、阿托品-EA-应激组、纳络酮-EA-应激组．采用束缚-冷方法制备大鼠应激性胃溃疡模型,观察NTS内微量注入不同受体阻断剂,胃溃疡指数(UI)的变化．结果:NS-EA-应激组、EA-应激组大鼠胃黏膜损伤明显减轻,UI分别为26．3±3．5,25．4±3．1,与应激模型组37．5±4．2比较有显著性差异(t= 5．42,t=6．13,P<0．01)．哌唑嗪-EA-应激组UI为34．6±3．4明显高于NS-EA-应激组(t=4．50, P<0．01)．育亨宾-EA-应激组和心得安-EA-应激组分别与NS-EA-应激组比较,UI无显著性差异．阿托品-EA-应激组大鼠UI为33．1±3．7明显高于NS-EA-应激组(t=3．53,P<0．01),纳络酮-EA-应激组与NS-EA-应激组比较,UI无显著性意义．结论:EA对大鼠应激性胃黏膜损伤的保护作用部分是通过NTS内α1,M受体介导的,而与α2,β和阿片肽受体无明显关系．     

应激状态下大鼠胃黏膜组织中内皮素-1A受体mRNA的表达及其意义

应激性溃疡(SU)是危重疾病的常见严重并发症,其发生机制尚不清楚。研究表明内源性缩血管因子内皮素(ET)-1与SU密切相关,而关于其受体表达在SU发生中作用的研究尚少。目的:探讨ET-1A受体(ETAR)mRNA表达在SU发生中的作用和意义。方法:以冷束缚应激(CRS)制备大鼠胃溃疡模型,应激前和应激1 h、3 h、6 h、9 h、12 h后分别采用放射免疫测定、逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和斑点杂交等方法,动态检测血浆和胃黏膜组织中的ET-1和胃黏膜组织中的ETAR mRNA水平,同时检测胃黏膜血流量(GMBF)和溃疡指数(UI)等指标的变化情况。结果:与正常对照组相比,各应激组大鼠血浆和胃黏膜组织中的ET-1水平均显著升高(P<0.05),GMBF显著下降(P<0.01),UI显著增加(P<0.01);胃黏膜组织中的ET-1水平与UI呈显著正相关(r=0.98,P<0.01),与GMBF呈显著负相关(r=-0.89,P<0.05),而血浆ET-1水平与GMBF、UI相关性不显著(r=-0.61,0.43,P>0.05)。GMBF与UI呈显著负相关(r=-0.98,P<0.01)。RT-PCR和斑点杂交显示各应激组大鼠胃黏膜组织中ETAR mRNA的表达水平较正常对照组显著升高(P<0.01),并与胃黏膜组织中的ET-1水平和UI呈显著正相关(r=0.93,0.95,P<0.01)。结论:在CRS诱发大鼠急性胃黏膜损伤的过程中,胃黏膜组织可显著增加ET-1的合成分泌和ETAR mRNA的     

艾灸足三里穴对孤束核损毁术后大鼠胃黏膜损伤修复作用的影响

目的:观察艾灸"足三里"穴对胃黏膜损伤大鼠内源性保护因子白介素(interleukin,IL)-4、前列腺素E2(prostaglandin E2,PGE2)含量的影响,探讨孤束核在艾灸对胃黏膜损伤神经通路修复机制中的作用.方法:将48只SD大鼠随机分为4组(n=12):正常组(A组);模型组(B组);艾灸+模型组(C组);艾灸+模型+孤束核损毁组(D组).先将D组大鼠双侧孤束核损毁,护理3 d;继之将B、C、D组大鼠无水乙醇及阿司匹林混悬液灌胃造模3 d(A组生理盐水灌胃对照);再之C、D组大鼠进行艾灸捆绑处理(A、B组只绑不灸),2次/d,连续3 d.最后取全胃计算胃黏膜溃疡指数(ulcer index,UI),并检测血清及胃组织IL-4及PGE2含量.结果:B组胃黏膜损伤明显(P0.01),说明造模成功;C组UI较B组低(P0.01);与B组比较,C组大鼠组织及血清IL-4、P G E2含量显著升高(P0.01),而D组升高不明显,并且D组大鼠IL-4、PGE2含量明显低于C组(P0.05,P0.01),说明孤束核损毁后,艾灸对胃黏膜的修护作用受到影响.结论:艾灸足三里穴对胃黏膜损伤有明显修复作用,其修复作用可能与升高血清及胃组织IL-4及PGE2含量有关,而孤束核损毁能明显抑制其修复效应,证明孤束核可能是艾灸足三里穴产生胃黏膜修复效应信号传导通路中的重要调节部位.     

电针足三里穴对胃酸分泌的影响及与促胃液素、表皮生长因子的关系

目的探讨电针足阳明胃经原穴足三里穴对胃酸分泌的调节作用及机制.方法采用完全随机方法分组.在清醒状态下电针大鼠足三里穴,并与空白对照组及非经非穴组相对比,在针剌不同时间点测胃酸分泌及取血,放免法检测胃液及血浆促胃液素(GAS)和表皮生长因子(EGF)浓度.结果电针足三里穴后空腹胃液量显著减少(P＜0.01)pH值上升(P＜0.05),酸度变化不大.足三里穴组胃液及血浆GAS浓度均降低,分别为239 ng/L±61 ng/L vs 294 ng/L±32ng/L(P＜0.05)和81 ng/L±22ng/L vs 102ng/L±30 ng/L(P＜0.01).胃液EGF浓度显著升高3.16μg/L±1.05 μg/L vs 1.65μg/L±0.35μg/L(P＜0.01).血浆EGF浓度显著降低0.25μg/L±0.01μg/L vs 0.54 μg/L±0.11μg/L(P＜0.01).其他组无显著变化.结论电针足三里穴明显抑制胃酸分泌并使胃液pH升高,与血浆、胃液GAS下降有关;电针足三里穴诱导上消化道EGF分泌增加,EGF参与抑制胃酸分泌,具有重要意义.     

牛磺酸对大鼠幽门结扎型胃溃疡的影响

目的:探讨牛磺酸对大鼠幽门结扎型胃溃疡的影响及其机制.方法:采用结扎大鼠幽门的方法建立大鼠胃溃疡模型.45只Wistar大鼠随机分为三组,即正常对照组、溃疡模型组和牛磺酸处理组.经6 h后各组大鼠处死,检测三组大鼠胃黏膜溃疡指数(UI)、胃液总酸度、胃蛋白酶活性和壁细胞H~ ,K~ -ATP酶活性.结果:与正常对照组相比,溃疡模型组大鼠UI值(35.3±3.7 vs,P<0.01)和胃液总酸度增大(28.56±3.81 mmol/L vs 20.34±4.40 mmol/L,P<0.01),同时胃液胃蛋白酶活性[7.58±1.58μg/(mL·min)vs 5.83±1.22μg/(mL·min),P<0.01]和壁细胞H~ ,K~ -ATP酶活性升高(8.86±1.50 U/mg vs 6.95±1.03 U/mg,P<0.01);而应用牛磺酸则减轻了大鼠应激性胃黏膜损伤,UI值(15.4±3.6 vs 35.3±3.7,P<0.01)和胃液总酸度减小(19.58±3.68 mmol/L vs 28.56±3.81 mmol/L,P<0.01),胃液胃蛋白酶活性[6.36±1.45μg/(mL·min)vs 7.58±1.58μg/(mL·min),P<0.05]和壁细胞H~ ,K~ -ATP酶活性(7.62±1.46 U/mg vs 8.86±1.50 U/mg,P<0.05)降低.结论:牛磺酸具有抗大鼠幽门结扎型胃溃疡的作用,其机制可能与抑制胃酸及胃蛋白酶分泌有关.     

应激大鼠胃黏膜氧化应激指标受褪黑素影响的研究

目的探讨褪黑素干预应激大鼠胃黏膜氧化应激指标影响的研究.方法采用浸水-束缚(WIR)应激实验复制大鼠应激性溃疡模型.应激前30 min,MT(melatonin)5、20mg·kg-1和应激组大鼠分别腹腔注射MT 5、20mg·kg-1和等体积生理盐水.应激6h后,观察各组大鼠胃黏膜病变情况,对溃疡指数(UI)进行评分,同时检测各组大鼠胃黏膜内丙二醛(MDA)含量、胃黏膜超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平.结果WIR应激6h后,应激组大鼠胃黏膜MDA水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).MT 5、20mg·kg-1组较应激组MDA水平显著下降(P＜0.01),且MT 20mg·kg-1组显著低于MT 5mg·kg-1组(P＜0.01).应激组大鼠SOD、GSH活性较对照组明显降低(P＜0.01),MT 5、20mg·kg-1组较应激组SOD、GSH活性有升高趋势.比较各组UI发现,MT 5、20mg·kg-1组UI显著低于应激组(P＜0.01),其中MT 20mg·kg-1组UI显著低于MT 5mg·kg-1组(P＜0.05).结论褪黑素通过其抗氧化的作用对应激大鼠胃黏膜损伤起保护作用.     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

高龄老年高血压的临床研究进展

随着社会老龄化进程的加快,80岁以上高龄老人的绝对数量以及占总人口的比例均在增加,如何提高高龄老年高血压的防治水平备受关注。现试从高龄老年高血压的临床特点、治疗策略等方面的临床研究进展作一综述。     

中国老年性耳聋的研究与干预进展

老年性耳聋已成为影响我国老年人生活质量的最主要的慢性病之一。助听器是目前帮助听力损失的老年人克服交流障碍的主要手段。在我国,数字助听器已逐渐取代模拟助听器并且体现出了更好的效果。但是老年听力损失患者中使用助听器的比例仍然很小。人工耳蜗植入也已被应用在老年患者中。我国针对老年人的听力康复服务还有较长的路要走。     

Sex Differences in Ethanol-induced Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens and in Ethanol Consumption in Rats

In vivo microdialysis was used to examine changes in nucleus accumbens and striatal dopamine, dihydrophenylacetic acid (DO-PAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) following acute administration of ethanol (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg) in male and female Long-Evans rats. Following dialysis, rats were trained to bar-press for oral ethanol reinforcement. In nucleus accumbens, females showed significant increases in extracellular dopamine following 0.25 or 0.5 g/ kg ethanol, but did not show significant increases over baseline at the higher doses. Males showed slight increases in dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. In striatum, both sexes showed increased dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. There were slight increases in nucleus accumbens DOPAC and HVA at some doses in both sexes, but no changes in striatal metabolite levels. In addition to showing increased responsiveness to ethanol-induced mesolimbic dopamine stimulation, females consumed more ethanol than males during behavioral testing. The pattern of both greater ethanol-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release and greater ethanol consumption in females supports the hypothesis that ethanol reward is mediated, at least in part, by the mesolimbic dopamine system.     

Epstein-Barr virus in malignancies in renal transplant recipients in Japan

A role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of malignancies including lymphomas, and carcinoma of the stomach, nasopharynx, thymus and salivary gland is suggested. It is indicated that EBV evokes polyclonal-B-cell-proliferative diseases in immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant patients, which results in monoclonal malignant lymphomas. The suppression of immune functions in these patients is thought to lead to incomplete elimination of the cells expressing EBV latent infection genes. To examine the etiological role of EBV in the development of malignancies following renal transplant in Japan, 42 malignancies in 1744 cases of renal transplant were studied for the presence and type of EBV. The polymerase chain reaction revealed that 5 malignancies were positive for EBV, all type A: 2 of 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 2 of 8 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma of the common type, and 1 of 2 cases of gastric plasmacytoma. In situ hybridization revealed positive signals in the nucleus of tumor cells in 2 cases of NHL and 1 of plasmacytoma. Positive signals were found in the small lymphoid cells but not in the tumor cells in 2 cases of gastric carcinoma. On the basis of these findings, a role for EBV in the development of malignancies in renal transplant patients is unlikely except for lymphoid neoplasias.Abbreviations PCB polymerase chain reaction - EBV Epstein-Barr virus - NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma     

糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变

目的研究糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变及增加葡萄糖代谢对其的作用。方法取体重150～200g的雄性SpragueDawley大鼠,腹腔注射链脲菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型,采用酶解法获得单个心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录钾电流。结果糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞瞬间外向性钾流(Ito)密度较对照组显著降低[ 60mV时,分别为(15.90±1.19)pA/pF(n=25)和(28.55±0.97)pA/pF(n=12),P<0.001];分别用100nmol/L胰岛素及1.5mmol/L二氯乙酸在体外预处理心室肌细胞4～5h和3～4h使Ito密度恢复至对照组水平[ 60mV时,分别为(29.40±0.38)pA/pF(n=20)和(27.35±0.97)pA/pF(n=12)]。结论糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道功能发生改变,增加葡萄糖代谢可逆转这一改变,提示葡萄糖代谢与Ito功能间存在一定关系。