Relevance of serum nitric oxide levels and the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors treatment on premature ejaculation: decreased nitric oxide is associated with premature ejaculation

The aim of the present study was to determine the relevance of serum nitric oxide levels and the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) treatment on premature ejaculation. Sixty married men (aged 20–50) with lifelong premature ejaculation and forty healthy men (aged 24–48) as control group were included in this study. The patients were evaluated by intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) for premature ejaculation (PE). IELT<1 min is accepted PE. Patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic disorders or erectile dysfunction and heavy smokers were excluded. All patients were evaluated with history, physical examination, International Index of Erectile Dysfunction‐5 (IIEF‐5) score and IELT by stopwatch method. Nitric oxide levels were measured by Griess reaction, and all samples were frozen at ?80 °C. Patients were randomly categorised 4 group to receive fluoxetine 20 mg day^?1 (Group 1), paroxetine 20 mg day^?1 (Group 2), sertraline 50 mg day^?1 (Group 3) and healthy control (Group 4) for 4 weeks. Baseline and post‐treatment findings were compared between the four groups. At the end of 4 weeks, in fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline groups mean IELT values showed a statistically significant improvement from the baseline values (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.03; respectively). Baseline and 1st month follow‐up mean IIEF scores were 24.5 and 23.05, 24.70 and 23.60 (P < 0.05) in group 1 and group 3 respectively; also 23.09 and 23.32 (P > 0.05) in group 2. Baseline serum NO levels were 31.8, 30.44, 30.8 and 42.84 in fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline and healthy control groups respectively. NO levels were statistically lower in patients with PE. After treatment of fluoxetine, paroxetine and sertraline, NO levels were increased baseline (35.8, 36.4, 38.08) (P < 0.05). Our findings indicated that PE is associated with decreased serum NO levels. After the SSRI treatment increased, NO may retard ejaculation presumably by central peripheral mechanism. Further studies are needed to confirm this suggestion and the role of NO in pathophysiology and treatment for premature ejaculation.     

The effect of plasma melatonin levels in the treatment of lifelong premature ejaculation with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

The aim of our study was to compare melatonin levels of patients with lifelong premature ejaculation (LPE) (n:60) with healthy controls (n:30) and to investigate the changes of melatonin levels in the treatment with dapoxetine and sertraline. Age, body mass index, duration of marriage, weekly intercourse number, International Index of Erectile Function scores, Intravaginal Ejaculation Latency Time (IELT) and melatonin levels were recorded. LPE patients were divided into two treatment groups. The first group was included 30 patients, who received 60 mg dapoxetine for six weeks, twice a week, an hour before intercourse. The second group received 50 mg of sertraline daily, for six weeks. IELT and melatonin measures were repeated after the treatment. IELT (dapoxetine group: 41.22 ± 21.3 s, sertraline group: 48 ± 23.11 s, control group: 195.54 ± 84.14 s; p < .001) and melatonin levels (dapoxetine group: 5.75 ± 2.04 pg/mL, sertraline group: 5.49 ± 2.88 pg/mL, control group: 13.4 ± 12.09 pg/mL; p < .001) of both LPE groups were significantly lower than control group. Following the six-week sertraline (before: 48 ± 23.11 s, after: 101.01 ± 59.55 s; p < .001) and dapoxetine (before: 41.22 ± 21.3 s, after: 97.39 ± 44.1 s; p < .001) treatments, IELT increased. The melatonin levels increased in the sertraline group (before: 5.49 ± 2.88 pg/mL, after: 10.6 ± 7.37 pg/mL; p < .001). Our results indicate that melatonin levels of LPE patients are lower than levels of healthy volunteers. Furthermore, we found a significant increase in melatonin levels following sertraline treatment.     

帕罗西汀与氯丙咪嗪治疗早泄的临床对照研究

目的：研究氯丙咪嗪与帕罗西汀治疗早泄的疗效和副作用。方法：选择先例DSM-Ⅳ上泄诊断标准的病人80名，随机分为帕罗西汀和氯丙咪嗪两个治疗组，病人每天服用帕罗西汀20mg或氯丙咪嗪30mg，4周后用自行编制的问卷评价治疗结果。结果：帕罗西汀组有5个病人脱落，氯丙咪嗪组脱落7个，两组之间在疗效和起效时间方面没有明显差异，氯丙咪嗪组副作用略多于帕罗西汀组。结论：两种药都可以用于治疗早泄，鉴于大剂量服用氯丙咪嗪有一定危险性，建议由有经验的医生使用。     

盐酸舍曲林治疗原发性早泄的临床研究

目的探索应用五羟色胺再吸收抑制剂盐酸舍曲林治疗原发性早泄的理想方法。方法采用开放性自身对照研究方法,记录81例原发性早泄病人连续或按需服用盐酸舍曲林前后阴道射精潜伏时间、病人和配偶性交满意度。结果在治疗前病人平均射精潜伏时间为(0.08±0.50)min;日服盐酸舍曲林50mg2周时平均为(6.5±4.3)min;此后,性交前4～6h服用盐酸舍曲林50mg或100mg2周后平均为(5.7±2.8)min,4周后平均为(4.1±1.6)min;用药前病人的性交满意度平均得分为(0.47±0.8);日服用盐酸舍曲林50mg2周后平均为(3.8±1.4);性交前4～6h服用盐酸舍曲林50mg或100mg2周后平均为(3.2±1.3),4周后平均为(3.0±1.8)。用药前配偶的性交满意度平均得分为0.38±0.21;日服用盐酸舍曲林50mg2周后平均为(3.3±1.6)。性交前4～6h服用盐酸舍曲林50mg或100mg2周后平均为(3.0±1.7),4周后平均为(2.9±1.4)。结论本研究表明,连续服用盐酸舍曲林和用药后按需服用对早期治疗原发性早泄是安全和有效的。按需服药是否能够长期有效,尚需进一步研究。     

Safety and efficacy of tramadol hydrochloride on treatment of premature ejaculation

Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common sexual disorder. It affects 20%–30% of adult men; the aetiology of this condition has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy, safety, tolerability, undesirable effects and improved satisfaction with sexual intercourse with tramadol hydrochloride at different dosages for the treatment of PE. A total of 300 patients who presented with lifelong (primary) PE were included in this study. The study was performed for 28 weeks, in which placebo (starch tablet) was given for 4 weeks, and active ingredient (tramadol hydrochloride) was administered at different therapeutic dosages for 24 weeks. Patients were divided into three equal groups, each consisting of 100 patients. The first group (A) was given tramadol hydrochloride capsule 25 mg. The second group (B) was given tramadol hydrochloride capsule 50 mg. The third group (C) was given tramadol hydrochloride capsule 100 mg. All of the 300 participants included completed the study voluntarily. The age of the patients varied from 25 to 50 years. After the treatment period, the recorded data were collected for each group and analysed. The results showed a highly significant increase in the mean intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) in all groups compared to baseline data (P<0.0001). We concluded that using tramadol hydrochloride at different doses on demand for the treatment of PE is effective, safe and tolerable, with minimal undesirable effects, and approval for this indication should be sought.     

Comparison of the safety and efficacy of the on-demand use of sertraline,dapoxetine, and daily use of sertraline in the treatment of patients with lifelong premature ejaculation: A prospective randomised study

This study compared the safety and efficacy of the on-demand (OD) use of sertraline (50 mg), sertraline (100 mg) and dapoxetine (30 mg), and the daily use of sertraline (50 mg) in the treatment of patients with premature ejaculation (PE). This prospective randomised study involved 120 lifelong PE patients (intravaginal ejaculatory latency time [IELT]: <1 min; Arabic Index of Premature Ejaculation [AIPE] score: < 30) without secondary causes of PE, identified between March 2018 and May 2020. Patients were divided into 4 groups (30 patients per group) and treated for 8 weeks. Assessments were conducted using the AIPE form as a diagnostic tool. Sertraline (50 mg, daily; 196.7 ± 115.5 s) and sertraline (100 mg, OD; 173.3 ± 97.0 s) had similar IELT and AIPE scores. The latter groups had better results in comparison with sertraline (50 mg, OD; 100.5 ± 54.4 s) and dapoxetine (93.7 ± 53.5 s; p < 0.01). Sertraline (100 mg, OD) had a similar efficacy to that of sertraline (50 mg, daily) and was more effective than sertraline (50 mg, OD) and dapoxetine (30 mg, OD). Sertraline (100 mg, OD) can be considered in the treatment of lifelong PE treatment, having tolerable side effects.     

Effect of premature ejaculation desensitisation therapy combined with dapoxetine hydrochloride on the treatment of primary premature ejaculation

To evaluate the overall treatment benefits of premature ejaculation desensitisation therapy combined with 30 mg dapoxetine hydrochloride treatment on patients with primary premature ejaculation (PPE). Ninety‐nine PPE patients were randomly divided into two groups at the ratio of 2:1. Sixty‐six PPE patients received premature ejaculation desensitisation therapy accomplished by Weili Automatic Semen Collection—Penis Erection Detection and Analysis workstation (WLJY‐2008) combined with 30 mg dapoxetine hydrochloride treatment (DTCD group), and another 33 patients received 30 mg dapoxetine hydrochloride‐only treatment (DO group). Intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) and premature ejaculation profile (PEP) were recorded before and during the treatment, and clinical global impression of change (CGIC) in PPE was recorded at the fourth week and the end of the treatment and the items. In both groups were significantly improved (p < 0.0001) in IELT, PEP and CGIC for premature ejaculation compared with baseline, and DTCD treatment showed a more significant improvement on PPE patients in the items compared with DO treatment (p < 0.05). Thus, premature ejaculation desensitisation combined with dapoxetine therapy may be a better choice for improving premature ejaculation with PPE.     

曲唑酮治疗功能性早泄的疗效观察

目的　研究曲唑酮治疗功能性早泄的疗效。方法　对 30例早泄患者给予口服曲唑酮片进行系统治疗并观察 2周及 4周后的疗效。同时与 2 0例口服安慰剂的早泄患者进行对照比较。结果　 2组患者在服药 4周后症状均有不同程度改善 ,曲唑酮治疗组总有效率明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　口服曲唑酮是治疗功能性早泄的一种有效安全的方法     

帕罗西汀与达帕西汀的对比，治疗早泄的新的选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂

达帕西汀氢氯化物是一种选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂,也是第一种被批准可以按需服用治疗早泄的药物。本文目的为研究按需服用达帕西汀（30mg和H60mg）和每日服用帕罗西汀（20mg）对早泄的疗效。研究募集了150名患者进行了长达1个月的研究。患者被分成3组,每组50人。第一组按需服用达帕西汀30mg。第二组按需服用达帕西汀60mg。第三组每日服用帕罗西汀20mg。治疗结束后,我们的结果检测值相对于基准阴道内射精潜伏期（IELT）延长了。与基准IELT相比,帕罗西汀组、30mg达帕西汀组和60mg达帕西汀组的治疗后IELT分别延长了117％（P〈0．01）,117％（P〈0．01）和170％（P〈0．01）。30mg达帕西汀组和帕罗西汀组的IELT增幅相同（P〉0．05）,而60mg达帕西汀组的IELT增幅明显高于30mg达帕西汀组（P〈0．05和帕罗西汀组P〈0．01）。性交前1～3小时服用达帕西汀60mg是针对早泄的非常有效的治疗方法。然而,与当前普遍使用的帕罗西汀相比,达帕西汀30mg疗效并不显著。     

米氮平治疗早泄106例临床观察

目的 研究米氮平(mitrazapine)治疗早泄(premature ejaculation,PE)的有效性和安全性.方法 选择门诊早泄患者106例,予以每晚口服米氮平30mg,连续使用一个月为一个疗程.治疗1～2个疗程后接受复诊或电话随访,进行疗效和安全性评估,分别记录治疗前、治疗一个疗程后阴道内射精潜伏时间(intravaginal ejaculation latency time,IELT)、治疗后性生活质量改善满意度,并详细记载药物治疗期间出现的不良反应.结果 随诊的106例PE患者,自行停药9例,其中因药物副作用不能耐受而停药的有6例(嗜热睡4例,头晕2例),其他(离异及经济因素等)原因3例.97例PE患者完整接受至少一个疗程的米氮平治疗,治疗前IELT为(1.19±0.09)min,治疗后为(4.72±2.53)min,治疗前、后差异比较,具统计学意义(P<0.001).IELT改善总有效率为68.04%,治疗后患者自我满意度达到75.26%.其他抗抑郁药物治疗无效的32例PE患者,米氮平治疗后早泄改善自我满意度调查结果满意度43.75%(14/32).结论 米氮平治疗早泄有效且安全,对于其他抗抑郁药物治疗无效的PE患者也可以尝试米氮平治疗.     

Comparison of the clinical efficacy and safety of the on‐demand use of paroxetine,dapoxetine, sildenafil and combined dapoxetine with sildenafil in treatment of patients with premature ejaculation: A randomised placebo‐controlled clinical trial

The aim of the study was to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of the on‐demand use of paroxetine, dapoxetine, sildenafil and combined dapoxetine with sildenafil in treatment of patients with premature ejaculation (PE). In a single‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical study, 150 PE patients without erectile dysfunction (ED) were included during the period of March 2015 to May 2016. Patients were randomly divided into five groups (30 patients each). On demand placebo, paroxetine (30 mg), dapoxetine (30 mg), sildenafil citrate (50 mg) and combined dapoxetine (30 mg) with sildenafil citrate (50 mg) were given for patients for 6 weeks in each group respectively. All patients were instructed to record intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) and evaluated with Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) and the patient satisfaction score before and after treatment. The mean of IELT, satisfaction score and PEDT in all groups was significantly improved after treatment (p value = .001). Combined dapoxetine with sildenafil group had the best values of IELT, satisfaction scores and PEDT in comparison with other treatment groups (p value <.001). The combined dapoxetine with sildenafil therapy could significantly improve PE patients without ED as compared to paroxetine alone or dapoxetine alone or sildenafil alone with tolerated adverse effects.     

达克罗宁治疗早泄的临床研究

目的 为了研究、观察达克罗宁涂抹阴茎延长射精潜伏时间治疗早泄的效果。方法 应用本院自制的1％达克罗宁溶液在性活动前涂抹阴茎皮肤和阴茎头部，辅以性心理指导治疗。观察用药后，阴茎置入女方阴道直至射精的时间，射精潜伏时间延长≥4min者为有效；射精潜伏时间延长至3-4min者为改善：结果 68例应用1％达克罗宁浴液涂抹阴茎的早泄病例，总有效率为45．6％，总改善率为23．5％，无效为30．9％。结论 应用1％达克罗宁溶液治疗早泄，是能够达到一定效果的，并且具有安全、方便与价廉的优点，值得推荐。     

Safety and efficacy of vardenafil versus sertraline in the treatment of premature ejaculation: a randomised, prospective and crossover study

We investigated safety and efficacy of vardenafil and sertraline in premature ejaculation (PE). Seventy-two men graded their primary PE on a scale of 0–8 (0 = almost never, 8 = almost always). Intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) was measured. Patients were included if they scored their PE as 4 or greater and their IELTs were less than 1.30 min. After 6 weeks of behavioural psychosexual therapy, 49 patients still had a PE of 4 or greater and an IELT less than 1.30 min and they were randomised: 6 weeks vardenafil (10 mg) or sertraline (50 mg). After a wash-out phase for 1 week, medication was changed in a cross-over design. Initially, all 72 men with PE received behavioural therapy. Twenty-three men were satisfied with treatment and excluded. The remaining 49 men graded their PE as 5.94 ± 1.6 and IELT was 0.59 min and patients were randomised. Four men discontinued the study. Vardenafil improved PE grading: 2.7 ± 2.1 ( P  < 0.01) and IELT increased to 5.01 ± 3.69 ( P  < 0.001). PE grading improved 1.92 ± 1.32, ( P  < 0.01) and IELT 3.12 ± 1.89 ( P  < 0.001) with sertraline. It is concluded that vardenafil and sertraline are useful agents in the pharmacological treatment of PE.     

Serum leptin levels in patients with premature ejaculation before and after citalopram treatment

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate serum leptin levels (an adipocyte hormone involved in the suppression of appetite) in patients with premature ejaculation before and after treatment with citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, with the hypothesis that leptin levels might become normal during this treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The inhibitory effect of serotonin on libido, ejaculation and orgasm is well documented. Although there is no direct evidence of an association involving brain pathways which are related to sexual behaviour, there is an interaction between leptinergic and serotonergic systems. In a previous study serum leptin levels were high in patients with premature ejaculation. The present study comprised 30 patients with premature ejaculation according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Third Revised Version. Fifteen patients (group I) were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of citalopram treatment and the remainder (15, group II) received no therapy. The patients were asked to determine the average intravaginal ejaculation latency time, and their fasting serum leptin levels were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the mean intravaginal ejaculation latency time between the groups at baseline; it increased after 8 weeks of treatment with citalopram in group I, to a mean (sd) of 209 (72.1) s, but not in group II. No difference was detected in leptin levels between the groups at baseline, but at 8 weeks they were lower in group I. CONCLUSION: As hypothesized, leptin levels decreased in patients with premature ejaculation after treatment with citalopram, and this decrease seemed to be linked to the therapeutic effect. Further experimental studies are needed.     

盐酸曲马多联合行为疗法治疗早泄的安全性、有效性临床观察

目的:评价盐酸曲马多联合行为疗法治疗早泄的安全性、有效性。方法:按随机原则将72例早泄患者分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组(n=36)性生活前2 h口服盐酸曲马多50 mg联合行为疗法,对照组(n=36)予以单纯行为疗法,两组疗程均为8周,记录治疗前后阴道内射精潜伏期(IELT)、配偶性生活满意度评分、临床总有效率、不良反应和肝、肾功能。结果:两组治疗前后在IELT和改善配偶性交满意度评分方面有显著性差异(P<0.01),两组治疗效果的总有效率,治疗组为72.2%,对照组为47.2%,治疗组较对照组治疗后IELT、改善配偶性交满意度评分和临床总有效率方面有显著性差异(P<0.05),10例(27.8%)患者出现不良反应,治疗组治疗前后肝肾功能无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:盐酸曲马多联合行为疗法在延长IELT及改善配偶性交满意度评分、临床总有效率和肝、肾功能方面,其安全性和有效性值得肯定。但盐酸曲马多为阿片类药物,成瘾性还有待评估,是否作为国内治疗早泄的常规治疗药物尚需进行多中心、双盲临床安全性及有效性的进一步研究。     

曲唑酮治疗继发性早泄疗效相关文献的系统评价

目的参照Cochrane体系,系统评价曲唑酮治疗继发性早泄患者的相关文献,探讨曲唑酮治疗继发性早泄的临床疗效。方法通过检索1995年1月至2015年1月期间中国学术期刊数据库等8个数据库内相关的随机对照试验(RCT),严格评价纳入文献质量和资料提取,使用Stata/SE version 12.0软件进行系统评价。结果最终纳入7篇RCT,共542例患者,其中实验组203例(予以曲唑酮)、对照组194例(予以安慰剂)。系统评价结果显示:相比使用安慰剂的对照组,经曲唑酮治疗后第2周的阴道内射精潜伏期显著延长[SMD 1.28,95%CI(0.98,1.57)],第4周的阴道内射精潜伏期显著延长[SMD 4.09,95%CI(2.56,5.62)],并且患者对性生活的满意度显著提升[RR1.39,95%CI(1.07,1.79)];经偏倚性验证,上述结论稳健,具有推广性。结论经曲唑酮治疗继发性早泄,能显著延长患者的阴道内射精潜伏期、提升患者性生活满意度,其疗效确切,值得临床推广。     

麒麟丸联合舍曲林治疗继发性肾气不固型早泄临床观察

目的:观察麒麟丸联合舍曲林治疗继发性肾气不固型早泄的临床疗效。方法:将2012年7月至2013年12月男科门诊120例继发性肾气不固型早泄患者随机均分为A组、B组和C组,年龄分别为(35.5±5.4)岁、(36.2±5.7)岁和(35.2±5.3)岁(P0.05)。A组给予麒麟丸每次6 g,每天分早晚两次口服;B组给予舍曲林每次50 mg,1次/d口服;C组给予麒麟丸每次6 g,每天分早晚两次口服,联合舍曲林每次50 mg,1次/d口服。3组均4周为1个疗程。分别于治疗前、治疗结束后及停药1个月观察射精潜伏期(IELT)、早泄诊断标准评分(PEDT)变化。结果:3组患者IELF治疗前分别为(0.88±0.45)、(0.84±0.47)、(0.85±0.50)min,治疗后分别为(3.23±1.84)、(3.87±2.43)、(5.92±3.11)min,停药1个月后分别为(1.85±1.27)、(1.52±1.06)、(4.26±1.88)min。治疗后IELT均较治疗前改善(P0.01);3组间比较,C组改善程度更为明显,优于其他两组(P0.01)。3组患者PEDT评分治疗前分别为(13.2±3.2)、(12.8±3.1)、(13.1±3.4)分,治疗后分别为(5.1±1.8)、(4.9±1.7)、(3.8±1.2)分,停药1个月后分别为(8.2±2.4)、(8.1±2.4)、(6.5±2.1)分。治疗后PEDT评分均较治疗前改善(P0.01);3组间比较C组改善程度更为明显,优于其他两组(P0.01)。结论:麒麟丸联合舍曲林治疗继发性肾气不固型早泄疗效确切,值得临床推广应用。