Dry Eye Symptoms in Patients after Eyelid Reconstruction with Full-Thickness Eyelid Defects: Using the Tomey TG-1000 Thermographer

Background: Large full-thickness eyelid defects are conventionally reconstructed by either a Hughes flap or Cutler-Beard bridge flap. Since the structure of the eyelid and its components are necessary for the tear film production and stability, we investigated the outcome after eyelid reconstruction focusing on dry eye symptoms using a new thermographic device, the TG-1000. Methods: Seventeen eyes of patients formerly treated with Hughes flaps (n = 16) and a Cutler-Beard bridge flap (n = 1) were compared to untreated healthy eyes (n = 17) regarding the functional and aesthetic outcome. The follow-up ranged from 3 to 63 months (mean 24.88 ± 17.86). Results: There was no significant difference in Schirmer's test, break-up time and ocular surface temperature (p > 0.05) between patients after full-thickness eyelid reconstruction and a control group. Eleven patients had minor postoperative complications such as notching of the lid margin (11/17), epiphora (1/17), superficial punctate keratitis (6/17), trichiasis (2/17) and a mild tendency to eversion of the lid margin (6/17). More than 75% of the patients rated their postoperative aesthetic outcome as good or even excellent. Conclusion: The new TG-1000 device is a simple and quick tool for screening of dry eye. This study shows that tarsoconjunctival grafts offer good aesthetic and functional outcome with sufficient tear film composition and stability.     

Secondary tarsoconjunctival flap after previous lower eyelid Hughes repair

PURPOSE: To describe a secondary, two-stage eyelid-sharing tarsoconjunctival flap advancement technique for the repair of full-thickness lower eyelid defect, using the remaining upper eyelid marginal tarsus that was spared in a previously performed Hughes procedure. METHODS: A computerized database search was performed on all cases of Hughes repair of the lower eyelid performed over a 10-year period (1995 to 2005) to identify patients who required a secondary tarsoconjunctival flap repair. In two cases of tumour recurrence at the lower eyelid margin, an eyelid-sharing, two-stage tarsoconjunctival flap repair of the lower eyelid using the remaining 4 mm of marginal tarsus that was spared in the original Hughes procedure was performed. Case reports of these 2 patients are presented together with their postoperative results. RESULTS: The incidence rate of the described secondary tarsoconjunctival flap procedure was 2 cases per 240 cases (0.8%) of primary Hughes procedure performed over a 10-year period. The postoperative courses in the 2 patients were uncomplicated with excellent surgical results at 6 months' follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The secondary tarsoconjunctival flap advancement procedure is an effective reconstructive technique for the repair of the full-thickness lower eyelid defect in an eyelid that has already undergone a previous Hughes repair.     

白内障超声乳化摘除术对睑板腺功能的影响

目的：评估白内障超声乳化摘除手术对睑板腺功能的影响,并探讨其对眼表的潜在影响。

方法：采取前瞻性自身对照研究。选取患有年龄相关性白内障的睑板腺功能障碍患者56例56眼,分别于术前1d,术后2wk,1、3mo进行眼表疾病指数(ocular surface disease index,OSDI)问卷评分、睑板腺积分、睑缘形态评分、基础泪液分泌试验(SⅠt)、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)的评估。

结果：手术前后,SⅠt试验差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 而OSDI评分、睑板腺积分、睑缘形态评分、BUT均较术前有明显变化,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后2wk,1、3mo OSDI评分、睑板腺积分、睑缘形态评分均较术前1d明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05); 术后2wk,1、3mo BUT均较术前1d明显缩短,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论：白内障手术可能加重睑板腺功能障碍。     

Glaukomanfall nach Hughes-Plastik

Purpose

The aim of this article is to present a case of acute glaucoma arising in a closed eye 10 days after lower eyelid reconstruction by Hughes tarsoconjunctival flap technique and to discuss clinical strategies to avoid this complication.

Case report

A 61-year-old hyperopic patient presented with a basal cell carcinoma of the lower eyelid. After 2-step tumor resection eyelid reconstruction was performed by Hughes tarsoconjunctival flap technique but 1 week later the patient presented with headache and pain in the contralateral eye. Acute glaucoma was diagnosed and successfully treated (mannitol, aceatazolamide i.v., topical pilocarpine and iridotomy). Some days later the patient came back with relapsed headache and pain in the closed eye. Although the intraocular pressure (IOP) could not be measured acute glaucoma of the right eye as well was suspected and the patient was treated again with mannitol and acetazolamide. As the pain resolved under this therapy the closed eyelid was not opened at this time but the lid reopening was performed at the regular time point (4 weeks postoperatively).

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge this is the first published case of an acute glaucoma arising in a topically uncontrolled treatable eye with sutured eyelids. The risk of insufficient treatable acute glaucoma should be included in the patient informed consent when planning eyelid reconstruction by Hughes tarsoconjunctival flap technique. The case supports experimental research efforts to establish techniques of transpalpebral IOP measurement.     

Operation nach Hughes und damit kombinierte Verfahren

Background

The Hughes procedure is a standard and widely used technique for lower eyelid reconstruction. This paper presents the results of 55 patients who underwent reconstruction of the anterior and posterior lamella with the Hughes procedure at the University eye clinic in Salzburg between 2002 and 2012.

Patients and methods

This study included 55 patients who underwent lower eyelid reconstruction performed with the Hughes procedure including a full skin graft. In 95?% of patients (52/55) this method was performed after tumor resection. The defect size of the lower lid was at least 10 mm horizontally and ranged between 10 and 15 mm. Of the patients three were treated with a combined Hughes and Tenzel procedure whereas in five cases the Hughes procedure was combined with an autologous tarsoconjunctival flap of the contralateral upper lid and a local full skin rotational flap.

Results

In 42 out of 55 patients both the eyelid function as well as the restoration of good cosmesis could be achieved. In 6 out of the remaining 13 patients suffering from minor complications, the function and cosmesis were restored after secondary minor surgery or additional conservative treatment. For six patients, further reconstructive surgery was necessary and one experienced a major complication in the form of a recurrence of basal cell carcinoma necessitating exenteration.

Conclusions

The Hughes procedure is a well-suited technique for eyelid reconstruction of shallow defects extending beyond 10 mm horizontally and involving up to 100?% of the eyelid. The latter require a combined procedure such as the Hughes procedure and an autologous tarsoconjunctival flap and skin graft.     

年龄相关性白内障患者睑板腺与眼表状况分析

背景 睑板腺是位于上下睑板内一种特殊分化的皮脂腺,其形态学和功能学的严重改变与多种眼表疾病有关,研究睑板腺形态学和功能变化与干眼的关系具有重要的临床意义. 目的 观察年龄相关性白内障患者的睑板腺形态、结构及功能变化,探讨衰老与睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)及眼表健康状态的关系.方法 采用系列病例观察研究方法,选取2016年3-9月在山西省眼科医院就诊的45岁以上年龄相关性白内障患者93例93眼作为研究对象,按照年龄将患者分为45～ 59岁组和≥60岁组;按照睑板腺缺失范围将受检眼分为睑板腺缺失范围≥1/3组和睑板腺缺失范围＜1/3组.采用裂隙灯显微镜检查眼表组织、睑缘形态、睑板腺开口形态和睑脂性状;采用眼表疾病指数(OSDI)量表问卷对眼表症状进行调查和评分;采用眼表综合分析仪测定受检眼泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、泪河高度、睑板腺缺失、结膜充血及角膜荧光素染色情况.结果 93例受检者均无干眼主观症状,OSDI问卷评分均＜12分.裂隙灯显微镜检查受检眼均未发现睑缘及皮肤黏膜交界线的形态学变化,无睑板腺开口、睑脂排出及睑脂性状的异常.眼表综合分析仪检查发现,42眼BUT缩短,占45.16％;52眼泪河高度下降,占55.91％;58眼睑板腺缺失范围≥1/3,占62.27％.45 ～59岁组受检眼睑板腺缺失评分为1.65±0.79,≥60岁组为1.86±0.72,差异无统计学意义(t=1.301,P=0.197).但相关分析示年龄与睑板腺缺失评分呈弱正相关(r5=0.323,P=0.002),与BUT及泪河高度均无明显相关性(r=0.154,P=0.141;r =-0.024,P=0.821);睑板腺缺失评分与BUT呈负相关(r3=-0.251,P=0.015),睑板腺缺失范围≥1/3组BUT异常的发生眼数明显多于缺失范围＜1/3组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.018). 结论 中老年人随着年龄的增长,睑板腺缺失逐渐加重;睑板腺缺失范围较大者发生泪膜不稳定的风险增加;早期MGD患者体征先于症状出现,临床工作中应重视无症状的MGD患者.     

Modified second stage Hughes tarsoconjunctival reconstruction for lower eyelid defects

To describe a novel technique utilizing an amniotic membrane graft (AMT) to create the mucocutaneous portion of the lower eyelid margin in a modified Hughes eyelid reconstruction for secondary revision or prevention of a hyperemic, hypertrophic conjunctival margin with excessive discharge. This was a retrospective, non-comparative interventional study. Thirty consecutive patients who underwent a modified Hughes reconstruction were included. The first step of the reconstruction was performed in a standard fashion using a tarsoconjunctival flap from the ipsilateral upper eyelid. The second stage was accomplished by the division of the tarsoconjunctival flap. The modification of the procedure included the addition of AMT (Ambio 5®, IOP Ophthalmics, CA) to the new mucocutaneous junction. Main outcome measures included the post Mohs surgery defect size, post-reconstruction complications. One patient received AMT for a revision of a hyperemic lid margin following reconstruction, while 29 subsequent patients received AMT as a primary procedure. The mean size of the post-Mohs defect was 23.75 ± 6.6 mm² horizontally and 9.1 ± 5.4 mm² vertically, involving 79.53 ± 16.8% of the lower eyelid. There was no evidence of hyperemic or hypertrophic margin at a mean follow-up of 4.41 ± 2.91 months. The addition of an AMT for the revision, or as a primary procedure for prevention of a hyperemic, hypertrophic eyelid margin with excess mucus production in the post-Hughes lower eyelid reconstruction has favorable outcomes in this preliminary study, however warrants further investigation with larger number of patients and longer follow-up.     

眼睑加热装置联合眼睑按摩对办公室干眼疗效观察

目的:比较眼睑加热联合眼睑按摩与人工泪液对办公室干眼的疗效.方法:本研究纳入办公室工作人员干眼患者60例60眼,并随机分为2组.对照组给予人工泪液治疗,试验组给予蒸汽润眼仪联合眼睑按摩治疗.所有受检者均在治疗前、治疗后2、4wk按照以下顺序进行检查:眼表疾病指数问卷表、泪膜破裂时间、角膜荧光素染色、Schirmer I试验与睑板腺分泌功能评估.结果:入选60例60眼干眼患者中,48例48眼患者(对照组23例23眼,试验组25例25眼)患有睑板腺功能障碍.4wk的治疗过程中,眼表疾病指数评分(F分组=41.63,P<0.01)、泪膜破裂时间(F分组=60.47,P<0.01)与睑板腺分泌物性质评分(F分组=12.12,P<0.01),实验组疗效均优于对照组.角膜荧光素染色(F分组=1.79,P>0.05)、泪液分泌量(F分组=0.17,P>0.05)与睑板腺管通畅率评分(F分组=0.68,P>0.05),两组间差异无统计学意义.结论:睑板腺功能障碍是我国办公室干眼的重要病因,眼睑加热联合眼睑按摩对办公室工作人员干眼疗效优于人工泪液.     

Late reexposure after upper eyelid tarsoconjunctival flap for exposed porous orbital implant.

The records of four patients with exposed porous orbital implant treated with the upper eyelid tarsoconjunctival Hughes flap were reviewed. The tarsoconjunctival Hughes flap was fashioned for two patients with recurrent orbital porous implant exposure and two patients with primary orbital porous implant exposure (5 to 6 mm at largest dimension; mean, 5.6 mm). There were two hydroxyapatite and two high-density polyethylene implants. In all patients, reexposure (2 to 3 mm at largest dimension; mean, 2.5 mm) occurred 6 to 24 weeks (mean, 13 weeks) after the tarsoconjunctival Hughes flap procedure at the junction of the flap and the socket surface conjunctiva. Mean follow-up duration was 18.7 months (range, 7 to 27 months). Linear late reexposure is the main drawback of the upper eyelid tarsoconjunctival Hughes flap to cover an exposed orbital porous implant.     

Acupuncture for treating dry eye: a randomized placebo‐controlled trial

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: e328–e333

Abstract.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for ocular symptoms, tear film stability and tear secretion in dry eye patients. Methods: This is a randomized, patient‐assessor blinded, sham acupuncture controlled trial. Forty‐two participants with defined moderate to severe dry eye underwent acupuncture treatment three times a week for 3 weeks. Seventeen standard points (GV23; bilateral BL2, GB14, TE23, Ex1, ST1 and GB20; and unilateral SP3, LU9, LU10 and HT8 on the left for men and right for women) with ‘de qi’ manipulation for the verum acupuncture group and seventeen sham points of shallow penetration without other manipulation for the sham group were applied during the acupuncture treatment. Differences were measured using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), the visual analogue scale (VAS) of ocular discomfort, the tear film break‐up time (BUT) and the Schimer I test with anaesthesia. In addition, adverse events were recorded. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between results on the OSDI, VAS, BUT or Schimer I tests from baseline between the verum and sham acupuncture groups. However, results from the within‐group analysis showed that the OSDI and VAS in both groups and the BUT in the verum acupuncture group were significantly improved after 3 weeks of treatment. No adverse events were reported during this trial. Conclusion: Both types of acupuncture improved signs and symptoms in dry‐eye patients after a 4‐week treatment. However, verum acupuncture did not result in better outcomes than sham acupuncture.     

对位睑板结膜瓣滑行修复眼睑缺损

目的：评价对位睑板结膜瓣滑行修复眼瞪缺损的效果。方法：对41例眼瞪全层缺损患者,其中上睑10例,下睑31例,切除肿瘤导致缺损者33例。外伤导致缺损者8例,缺损范围在1/3-2/3,年龄24-79岁,采用与缺损眼睑相对应的眼睑睑板结膜瓣滑行至缺损区来修补眼睑缺损。结果：术后随访31例,随访时间3月-5年,除缺损外,1例出现轻度上睑退缩（退缩量为1-2mm),1例出现轻度下睑外翻,余眼睑外形及功能均基本恢复,眼睑活动自如,闭合完全,无严重并发症发生,结论：对位睑板结膜瓣滑行可用于修复眼睑后层缺损,且不受有无睑板替代物的限制。不需另添手术创口,可更好地恢复眼睑的功能及外观。     

Unspecific redness of the eyelid--two malignant tumours

BACKGROUND: Chronic, non- or little pigmented reddish or brownish lesions on the lid margin and the surrounding skin are frequently underestimated and thus carry a clear risk of malignancy. HISTORY AND SIGNS: A 61-year-old lady was referred with a chronic, reddish lesion in the medial third of the left lower lid after a topical therapy over a period of 4 months had not improved the situation. She noticed the lesion for the first time 10 previously. Recurrent trichiasis and a slight ulceration had developed during the last year. THERAPY AND OUTCOME: After an unclear result of the biopsy (2)/ (3) of the left lower lid were removed because of atypical cells ascending into the epidermis. A superficial spreading melanoma 0.4 mm depth in the Breslow classification was detected and right next to it a superficial basal cell carcinoma. The lid defect was reconstructed with a tarsoconjunctival flap and a free full thickness skin graft as described by Hughes. CONCLUSION: Chronic redness at or around the lid margin which does not respond to therapy should be biopsied as malignant tumours may well be hidden behind it.     

Central corneal dellen: a complication of upper eyelid tarsotomy

PURPOSE: To report a rare complication of central corneal dellen that developed after a tarsotomy procedure to correct cicatricial entropion. METHOD: Central corneal dellen developed in a 60-year-old woman 3 months after a tarsotomy procedure for correction of cicatricial upper eyelid entropion. Eversion of the upper eyelid showed a retracted and buckled tarsal plate and the presence of a 5 x 10-mm depression between the edge of the tarsoconjunctival flap and lower tarsal bridge. RESULTS: The recalcitrant corneal defect was reversed when the upper eyelid tarsoconjunctival surface contour was restored by full-thickness tarsal incisions designed to flatten the dome-shaped tarsal plate. CONCLUSION: An upper eyelid defect producing suboptimal lid-globe apposition during lid closure can lead to dellen formation because of focal corneal dehydration as the result of an altered tear meniscus.     

Outcome of tarsoconjunctival flap dehiscence after eyelid reconstruction

PURPOSE: To report the outcome of eyelid reconstruction with a tarsoconjunctival flap complicated by premature flap dehiscence.DESIGN: Interventional case series.METHODS: In eight of approximately 100 patients who underwent unilateral lower eyelid reconstruction with a tarsoconjunctival (Hughes) flap during a 15-year interval, the procedure was complicated by premature flap dehiscence resulting from accidental trauma 1 to 11 days after the reconstructive procedure. Immediate surgical repair of the dehiscence was attempted in one case, but the tissues reopened within 1 day. Otherwise, the eyelids were permitted to heal spontaneously with the application of erythromycin ophthalmic ointment as the sole therapy.RESULTS: Although the reconstructed eyelids healed satisfactorily in each case, one patient, who had dry eyes from Sj?gren syndrome, required secondary surgery to treat mild lagophthalmos and lower eyelid retraction.CONCLUSIONS: The ultimate functional and esthetic outcomes after premature, traumatic dehiscence of a Hughes flap were generally satisfactory, suggesting that elective division of the conjunctival pedicle in uncomplicated cases may be performed relatively soon after the primary reconstructive procedure.     

热敷按摩改善睑板腺功能障碍患者的白内障术后疗效

目的：评价白内障术前进行眼睑热敷联合睑板腺按摩对白内障合并轻中度睑板腺功能障碍（MGD） 患者白内障术后临床效果的改善。方法：前瞻性临床研究。收集2019年9月至2020年6月于温州医科大学附属眼视光医院杭州院区就诊的50～85岁轻中度MGD合并白内障的患者,按随机数字表法分为实验组和对照组,实验组先接受3次眼睑热敷联合睑板腺按摩治疗再行白内障手术,对照组直接行白内障手术。分别记录MGD治疗前、治疗后以及白内障术后1周、1个月、3个月时的泪液分泌试验（SⅠT）、泪膜破裂时间（TBUT）、角结膜染色评分、睑板腺功能评分;眼表综合分析仪（keratograph 5M）检查并记录非侵入性泪河高度（NITMH）、非侵入性泪膜破裂时间（NITBUT）和睑板腺缺失范围（MGL）;采用眼表疾病指数（OSDI）问卷得分进行评估。使用广义估算方程（GEE）、广义线性混合模型（GLMM）、独立样本t检验及Mann-Whitney U检验进行数据分析。结果：共纳入77例（77眼）, 最终纳入分析68例（68眼）,每组34例。实验组在MGD治疗后,睑缘形态、睑板腺排出能力、SⅠT、 TBUT及OSDI评分较MGD治疗前明显好转（P<0.05）;角膜点染在白内障术后1周时较治疗前增加 （P=0.002）,至术后1个月时恢复至治疗前水平。组间比较发现,实验组睑脂质量变化量在白内障术后各时间点均明显优于对照组（P<0.05）;白内障术后1周时,实验组睑缘形态的变化量小于对照组, 术后1个月时,NITMH变化量小于对照组,而OSDI评分变化量大于对照组（P<0.05）,实验组症状及体征更轻;对照组在白内障术后1周时,睑缘形态及SⅠT明显变差,至术后1个月时恢复至术前水平; 睑脂质量在术后1周时变差,NITMH在术后1个月时减少,二者至术后3个月时恢复至术前水平。结论： 白内障术前采用眼睑热敷联合睑板腺按摩治疗MGD,可改善术后睑板腺功能状态,缓解干眼症状。     

Reconstruction of the lower lid.

As the lower eyelid is frequently the site of malignant disease, lower lid replacement is a common task in oculoplastic surgery. As a rule the reconstruction of larger defects (more than one-third) can be accomplished with free grafts or with flaps. Different forms of pedicle flaps (full thickness, tarsoconjunctival, combined) from the upper lid provide better results than free grafts. A convenient method of lower lid replacement is the use of a medial pedicle rotation flap of the cheek. This has advantages over the temporal pedicle cheek flap or the frontal flap.     

不同手术方式对翼状胬肉患者泪液功能的影响

目的:探讨不同手术方式对翼状胬肉患者泪液功能的影响及其可能机制。方法:翼状胬肉患者50例50眼,随机分成两组,A组30例30眼行翼状胬肉切除联合带蒂结膜瓣移植术,B组20例20眼行翼状胬肉切除联合自体角膜缘干细胞移植术,分别于术前和术后1,3mo检查泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、SchirmerI试验、角结膜荧光素染色(CFS)、泪液羊齿状物试验(TFT),采用眼表疾病指数(OSDI)评价胬肉及胬肉切除术后泪液功能变化对患者生活质量的影响,并作统计学分析。结果:两组术后1moBUT缩短、CFS增多、OSDI变高、泪液羊齿结晶形成较差,和术前比较差异有显著意义(P<0.05),而术后1moSchirmerI和术前比较差异无显著意义。两组术后3moBUT,SchirmerI,CFS,OSDI,TFT和术前比较差异无显著意义。术后1moB组BUT较A组长,CFS较A组少,OSDI较A组高,泪液羊齿结晶形成较A组良好,差异有显著意义(P<0.05),而术后1mo两组SchirmerI比较差异均无显著意义。术后3mo两组BUT,SchirmerI,CFS,OSDI,TFT比较差异均无显著意义。结论:翼状胬肉切除术后早期对泪膜功能有影响,术后3mo泪膜功能恢复至术前水平。行翼状胬肉切除联合自体角膜缘干细胞移植术后早期对泪膜功能的影响小于翼状胬肉切除联合带蒂结膜瓣移植术。     

Successful tear lipid layer treatment for refractory dry eye in office workers by low-dose lipid application on the full-length eyelid margin

PURPOSE: To test tear lipid layer treatment by low-dose lipid application on the full-length eyelid margin for the treatment of office workers with dry eyes refractory to conventional treatments. DESIGN: Prospective interventional case series. METHODS: Thirty eyes of 30 office workers with dry eyes with dark tear interference images, which did not respond to conventional treatments, were included. To supply lipid using a commercially available nonpreserved topical medication having both polar and nonpolar lipid base, ofloxacin eye ointment (Santen Pharmaceutical, Osaka, Japan) was selected. Low-dose ofloxacin ointment application on the full-length eyelid margin was carried out three times a day for two weeks. The symptom of ocular dryness using a visual analog scale, tear interferometry to assess lipid layer thickness (LLT), corneal fluorescein staining, tear-film breakup time (BUT), and meibum expressibility gradings were compared. RESULTS: After the treatment, the symptom score of ocular dryness decreased from 91.4 +/- 11.9 to 33.6 +/- 21.0 (P < .0001), LLT increased from 39 +/- 4 nm to 161 +/- 91 nm (P < .0001), BUT was prolonged from 2.6 +/- 1.6 seconds to 4.8 +/- 2.1 seconds (P = .01), and meibum expressibility gradings decreased from 2.8 +/- 1.3 to 1.6 +/- 1.3 (P = .0005). CONCLUSION: For office workers with refractory dry eyes, tear lipid layer treatment by low-dose ointment applied on the full-length eyelid margin was shown to be an effective approach. The applied lipid formed a uniform lipid layer, which contributed to tear stability, leading to the improvement of the symptom.     

The maximal Hughes procedure

PURPOSE: To describe the use of oblique medial and lateral periosteal flaps with the Hughes tarsoconjunctival flap for the repair of maximal defects of the lower eyelid. METHODS: A small prospective case series of eight patients requiring lower eyelid reconstruction following with maximal defect of the lower eyelid. The patients underwent a Hughes tarsoconjunctival advancement combined with oblique medial and lateral periosteal flaps, and were assessed for aesthetic outcome and surgical complications. RESULTS: All patients had uncomplicated surgery. Outcomes assessed included corneal protection, eye closure, lower eyelid retraction, complications, and patient satisfaction. Eyelid contour and protection was excellent in all patients. Postoperatively, one patient had mild lower eyelid retraction, and in a second patient, medial ectropion with mild lower eyelid retraction developed that required subsequent revision. CONCLUSIONS: The maximal Hughes procedure is a safe and effective procedure that may be performed with patients under local anesthesia and may avoid the need for more extensive techniques for surgical repair of maximal defects of the lower eyelid.     

海军舰员远航条件下视疲劳状况调查分析

目的：调查分析海军某部连续远航舰员视疲劳状况,探究与视疲劳发生相关的危险因素并构建视疲劳预测决策树模型。

方法：采用分层随机抽取方式选取2016-07/10海军某舰队参加远航任务舰员373名。通过询问受试者病史、个人基本情况,检查裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、 裂隙灯检查包括：眼睑、睑缘、睑板腺改变、角膜及结膜是否存在眼表损害体征,并行角膜荧光素染色,确定泪膜破裂时间(BUT)。填写眼表疾病分析量表(OSDI)和视疲劳调查表,统计受试者眼部疲劳发生率及严重程度,分析视疲劳发生危险因素。

结果：纳入受试者373名中 63.0%(235名)舰员存在不同程度的视疲劳状况。其中视疲劳发生与性别、年龄及既往角膜屈光手术史无相关性(P>0.05); 存在干眼主观症状及电子屏幕暴露时长是其发生的危险因素(P<0.01)。相关危险因素构建CHAID决策树模型,总体预测准确率为76.9%。

结论：连续航行舰员中存在干眼主观症状,电子屏幕暴露时长是舰员发生视疲劳的危险因素。