Immunopharmacological activity of perfluorotributylamine

It was shown in experiments on mice that the chemically inert compound perfluortributylamine has sufficiently expressed immunopharmacological activity. Its intraperitoneal administration causes a drop in the immune response of mice, immunized with sheep erythrocytes. These animals had a marked durable resistance to the soporific action of hexenal.     

安络化纤丸对免疫功能的影响

目的观察安络化纤丸对实验动物免疫功能的影响。方法测定安络化纤丸对正常和免疫功能低下小鼠单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能、血清溶血素生成以及脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖的影响。结果安络化纤丸可增强正常小鼠和地塞米松所致免疫功能低下小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬功能 ,促进血清溶血素的生成 ;显著提高刀豆球蛋白A(ConA)诱导的小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖功能。结论提示安络化纤丸可显著提高小鼠的免疫功能 ,增强机体抵抗力。     

疏通化纤丸对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用

目的观察疏通化纤丸对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法以地塞米松引起小鼠免疫功能低下 ,以左旋咪唑作阳性对照 ,测定疏通化纤丸对免疫功能正常和低下小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能、血清溶血素含量以及ConA诱导T淋巴细胞增殖的作用。结果疏通化纤丸能明显提高免疫功能正常和低下小鼠的廓清指数、吞噬指数 ,能促进ConA诱导的正常小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖 ,而左旋咪唑仅对免疫低下的小鼠才有提高以上指标的功能。结论疏通化纤丸对机体免疫功能具有显著的提高作用。     

Immunopharmacological actions of lumin (I): Anti-allergic actions of lumin

We used lumin (4,4'-(3[2(1-ethyl-4-(1-H)quinolidene) ethylidene]) propenylene [bis(1-ethyl quinolinium iodide)]) as a photosensitive cyanin dye and studied its effects on various allergic reactions. We obtained the following results: Lumin slightly inhibited the production of IgE antibody, but showed no effect on the production of IgM and IgG antibodies. Lumin slightly inhibited homologous rat PCA at 48 hr. It also showed some inhibitory activity against histamine (His) release caused by in vitro antigen-antibody reaction. Lumin significantly inhibited the acceleration of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction by cyclophosphamide (CY). The above results suggest that lumin shows anti-allergic activity through the mediation of immunopharmacological activity.     

补肾延寿胶囊的免疫药理作用

目的 研究补肾延寿胶囊对免疫系统功能的影响.方法 采用小鼠碳粒廓清、植物血凝素(PHA)刺激淋巴细胞转化、血清溶血素含量、迟发型超敏反应等实验.结果 补肾延寿胶囊能显著增强正常小鼠单核细胞吞噬功能和PHA刺激的淋巴细胞转化,明显增加氢化泼尼松所致免疫功能低下小鼠的脾、胸腺指数和血清溶血素含量,对小鼠迟发型超敏反应也有一定抑制作用.结论 补肾延寿胶囊有免疫调节作用.     

Immunopharmacological in vitro effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus extracts

The objective of these investigations was to further elucidate the immunopharmacological profile of fluid extracts of Eleutherococcus senticosus and to identify the specific role of its characteristic eleutherosides B and E. An ethanolic dry extract of Eleutherococcus senticosus was used as starting material for the isolation of the eleutherosides B and E. Immunopharmacological studies included expression of major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecules by rat bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes, human lymphocyte marker flow cytometry, and in vitro testing of human lymphocyte functions. In contrast to the isolated eleutherosides B and eleutherosides E and the re-mixed eleutherosides B and E, the whole ethanolic fluid extract of Eleutherococcus senticosus was able to induce and enhance interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 but not interleukin-2 production in vitro. The effective concentration of the whole ethanolic extract ranged from 1.0-0.1 mg/ml for the enhancement of interleuking-1 alpha production and 1.0-0.03 mg/ml for the enhancement of interleukin-6 production. It is concluded that the observed enhancing immunopharmacological activities on acute phase response mediators are best exhibited by the induction with whole ethanolic extracts whereas the species-specific and characteristic eleutherosides B and E are not associated with these activities.     

Immunopharmacological approach to the modulation of IgE antibody formation

Soluble factors released by both T and B cells are involved in the class-specific regulation of IgE antibody formation; some factors have affinity for IgE, whereas others do not. The induction phase of the primary and secondary IgE antibody response is highly sensitive to treatment with such factors or some drugs. In contrast, persistent IgE antibody formation is mostly insensitive to the same treatments, indicating that this phase differs apparently from the induction phase. Thus, it is very important to note the marked differences between the regulatory mechanisms of these two phases when drugs responsible for the suppression of IgE antibody response are developed. In the present review, the recent advances pertaining to the regulation of IgE antibody formation in animals and humans are described in view of immunopharmacology.     

Immunopharmacological study of buckwheat hypersensitivity (author's transl)]

Effect of dialysate from buckwheat extract on immediate hypersensitivity reactions. To investigate the hypersensitivity reaction of buckwheat, the aqueous extract of buckwheat was separated into dialysate (BWD) and non-dialysate (BWND). BWD neither decreased a release of anaphylactic mediator from the chopped lung tissue nor inhibited Schultz-dale reaction in the ileum of guinea pig sensitized with BWND. Heterologous PCA mediated by rabbit anti-BWND serum in guinea pig and homologous PCA in rats using anti-BWND IgE serum were inhibited by i.d. or i.v. treatment of BWD. Radioallegosorbent test (RAST) and PK reaction were inhibited in a dose dependent fashion by BWD mixed with human serum sensitive to buckwheat, although BWD required approximately 10,000 times more than BWND to produce a RAST inhibition. RAST, however, was not affected when BWD was added to 125I-labelled anti-human IgE. Anti-buckwheat IgE antibody in sensitized animals and atopic patients was specifically absorbed with an insoluble copolymer of BWD-conjugated BSA. BWD did not form a precipitin line against anti-BWND IgG antibody in immunoelectrophoresis. Rat IgE serum-induced degranulation and histamine release from mast cells were inhibited in a dose dependent fashion by BWD and the inhibition was specific to anti-BWND IgE antibody. BWD may be useful as an hyposensitization agent in buckwheat hypersensitivity, since BWD is a haptenic substance capable of neutralizing specific IgE antibody on mast cells.     

Bioequivalence and Generic Prescribing: An Industrial View*

The whole concept of bioequivalence is based upon the existence of a clear relationship between drug concentration and clinical effect. To date there are insufficient data available in the form of publications to support this concept. Both the pharmaceutical industry and the regulatory authorities could do more to promote this issue and publish relevant information. The pharmaceutical industry could provide more information on concentration-effect relationships in volunteers and patients. Upon expiry of the patent, regulators could provide estimates of the inter- and intra-subject variability in the pharmacokinetics of a drug in volunteers and patients, asessment of therapeutic windows for drugs and drug classes and their impact on bioequivalence acceptance criteria. Current regulatory guidelines refer to rate and extent of absorption BUT there is no rate parameter which allows products to be compared for both pharmaceutical quality and safety and efficacy.     

Immunopharmacological activity of xymedone in patients with atopic bronchial asthma

Xymedone produced therapeutic effect in patients with atopic bronchial asthma. The drug action was manifested by a decrease in the IgE level and an increase in gamma-interferon level. Adding xymedone to lymphocytes cultivated with phytohemagglutinin revealed stimulating action of this drug on the delayed-type hypersensitivity. Mechanisms involved in the immunotropic action of xymedone are discussed.     

Khat Chewing from the Pharmacological Point of View: An Update

Khat chewing is deeply rooted in the every day life of people living in the Horn of Africa and in South Arabia, where Catha edulis is endemic. Considered little more than an exotic habit producing just mild pharmacological effects, systematic investigations on its active principles have instead lead to the isolation and chemical characterization of cathinone, a compound structurally related to amphetamine. Three decades of intense experimental and clinical research on khat have depicted a consistently clear picture of its pharmacological and toxicological effects.     

Immunopharmacological studies on Picrorhiza kurroa Royle-ex-Benth. Part IV: Cellular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action

In this work abroagation of anti-inflammatory effect of Picrorhiza kurroa extract (PK) by beta-adrenergic blockade was confirmed, which suggests alteration in cell-surface biology by PK treatment. Blockade of protein synthesis by cycloheximide pretreatment reduced PK effect, suggesting protein mediation. Metabolic inhibitor dinitrophenol inhibited inflammatory cedema equally in control and PK treated animals, and masking of PK effect was concluded. Discriminations of anti-inflammatory mechanism(s) of PK and the latter two cytotoxic agents was inferred from these observations and from existing knowledge. Selective PK influence on membrane linked activation events in inflammatory effector cells could be the basis of anti-inflammatory and perhaps other biological activities reported with the herb.     

Immunopharmacological studies on Picrorhiza kurroa Royle-ex-Benth. Part III: Adrenergic mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action

Nature of adrenergic mechanisms contributing to anti-inflammatory effect of Picrorhiza kurroa suggested from earlier studies was explored in Wistar albino rats. Water soluble fraction of alcoholic extract of rhizomes (PK) potentiated castor oil-catharsis on oral administration but direct subplanter PK-injections failed to exhibit any local irritancy and oedema. Propranolol pretreatment counteracted while phentolamine enhanced anti-inflammatory effect of PK in carrageenin-induced inflammation. 6-hydroxy-dopamine pretreatment antagonised the said PK-effect and in such animals both ephedrine and isoprenaline augmented anti-inflammatory effect of PK, the former interaction being more conspicuous. PK-treatment of rats did not influence adrenaline uptake by lung slices in vitro. The results suggest that a non-neural augmentation of beta-adrenoceptor function or consequent cellular events mediates the anti-inflammatory effect of PK.     

观察盆腔炎低频治疗仪+中药灌肠盆腔炎的临床效果

目的:探讨盆腔炎低频治疗仪+中药灌肠盆腔炎的临床疗效。方法:选取2010年11月~2012年12月在某院接受治疗的100例盆腔炎患者,随机分为两组,对照组采用中药灌肠和盆腔炎治疗仪治疗,观察组采用盆腔炎低频治疗仪+中药灌肠治疗,对比分析两组患者的临床疗效。结果:观察组患者的临床疗效显著高于对照组患者,P<0.05差异具有统计学意义。结论:对盆腔炎患者使用低频治疗仪+中药灌肠治疗疗效显著,具有临床价值意义,可以大力推广。     

Immunopharmacological effects and mechanism of dihydroqinghaosu on immunological liver injury mice

AIM: To investigate the immunopharmacological effects and the preliminary mechanism of Dihydroqinghaosu (DQHS) on the Con A-induced liver injury mice. METHODS: Hepatocytes of SD rats were prepared to examine the effect of DQHS on the ALT levels of hepatocytes content in vitro. The Con A-induced liver injury model of ICR mice was made. Dose-dependent and time-dependent difference of serum ALT activity was observed     

Immunopharmacological actions of neurotropin (3): Anti-allergic actions of neurotropin (author's transl)

Neurotropin (NSP) is an extract isolated from vaccinia virus-inoculated and inflamed skin of rabbits. The anti-allergic actions of NSP were studied in the present paper. Death from anaphylactic shock in BALB/c mice mediated by active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) or heterologous passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA) was completely prevented in one of five cases by NSP given 5000 micrograms/animal i.v.. However in mice, NSP at a dose of 10 to 1000 micrograms/animal i.v. did not have any preventive effect on death from anaphylactic shock induced by ASA, homologous PSA, or heterologous PSA. NSP slightly inhibited histamine release from rat mast cells mediated by mouse IgE antibody, calcium ionophore A23187, or compound 48/80, but this inhibition was not in a dose-dependent fashion. NSP did not behave synergistically with isoproterenol- or theophylline- induced inhibition of mouse IgE antibody-mediated histamine release from rat mast cells. NSP did not inhibit D2O-enhanced histamine release from sensitized rat mast cells. NSP clearly inhibited antigen-induced histamine release from leukocytes of mite-sensitive patients with or without asthmatic attack. Potent inhibition was observed when leukocytes taken from patients with asthmatic attack were used. These results suggest that the anti-allergic action of NSP is not responsible for elevation of cyclic AMP levels or disruption of microtubules in target cells.