川产商品草乌的调查

调查发现川产商品草乌原植物有6种2变种,指出主流品种是瓜叶乌头(Aconitum hemsleyanum)及白花瓜叶乌头(A. hemsleyanum var. leucanthum),其次是冕宁乌头(A. legendrei),并制订了原植物分种检索表。     

正交法优化三叶青继代增殖与生根培养的条件

目的探究三叶青的组培快繁技术。方法通过正交试验对三叶青的腋芽增殖、生根培养条件进行优化,得出三叶青的快速繁殖的最适培养基。结果在MS培养基上附加2 mg L-16-BA+0.5 mg L-1ZT+1mg L-1IBA时芽的增殖效果最好;而在1/2MS培养基上附加1.0 mg L-1IBA+20 g L-1蔗糖时,生根效果最佳。结论通过腋芽增殖快繁育苗技术可获得完整植株,达到快速繁殖的目的。     

New norditerpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum hemsleyanum var. leueanthus

Four new norditerpenoid alkaloids, leueantines A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4), were isolated from the roots of Aconitum hemsleyanum var. leueanthus. The structures of 1-4 were established by spectroscopic evidence.     

甘肃三种独活商品镇痛、抗炎作用研究

目的对甘肃产三种独活品种:独活(栽培)、牛尾独活、九眼独活进行镇痛、抗炎活性的比较研究。方法采用小鼠热板、小鼠醋酸扭体实验比较镇痛作用;用小鼠急性腹膜炎、小鼠耳肿胀模型比较抗炎作用。结果实验表明独活(栽培)、九眼独活有明显的抗炎作用;三种独活仅对醋酸扭体实验小鼠镇痛作用明显,且独活效果最佳。结论独活(栽培)镇痛、抗炎活性最佳,牛尾独活无抗炎作用。     

C19-diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum hemsleyanum var. circinatum

Seven new C19-diterpenoid alkaloids, circinasines A-G (1-7), together with six known compounds, talatisamine, yunaconitine, senbusine A, sachaconitine, hemsleyanisine, and isohemsleyanisine, were isolated from the roots of Aconitum hemsleyanum var. circinatum. The structures of 1-7 were determined by the interpretation of spectroscopic data and by the single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis of 6 and the acetonide derivative of 1. In addition, the structures of hemsleyanisine and isohemsleyanisine were revised from 8 and 9 to 10 and 11, respectively.     

Chemical constituents of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels. et Gilg]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum. METHOD: Compounds were separated by rechromatography on silica gel from the chloroform solubles of its ethanol extracts, and the structures were determined by spectral analysis and chemical evidence. RESULT: Three compounds were isolated and elucidated as 6'-O-benzoyldaucosterol, daucosterol and beta-sitosterol. CONCLUSION: All the three compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, of which 6'-O-benzoyldaucosterol is a new natural product.     

三叶青松散型和致密型愈伤组织悬浮培养及黄酮积累的比较研究

目的比较三叶青松散型和致密型愈伤组织悬浮培养细胞生长及其次生代谢产物黄酮的积累情况。方法将三叶青叶诱导的愈伤组织在不同外源植物激素种类和配比的培养基上多次继代培养,筛选获得松散型和致密型愈伤组织,分别建立相应悬浮细胞体系,研究了两种悬浮培养细胞生长和总黄酮积累的动态。结果三叶青松散型愈伤组织悬浮培养的继代周期为8 d,增加质量倍数最高达到3.68倍,黄酮积累的最大值11.7 mg/g,较最初接种时的浓度增加34.5%,该悬浮系继代4～5次后生命力衰退且褐化加重;而致密型愈伤组织悬浮培养的继代周期为20 d,增加质量倍数最高达到2.65倍,黄酮积累的最大值40.9 mg/g,较最初接种时的浓度增加212.2%,该悬浮系继代多次细胞无明显变化。结论与松散型愈伤组织悬浮培养相比,致密型愈伤组织悬浮培养更有利于继代培养和次生代谢产物的积累。     

中国特有植物三叶青化学成分的研究

目的 :研究我国特有植物三叶青的化学成分 ,为阐明其有效成分提供科学依据。方法 :采用溶剂提取和硅胶柱层析法进行分离 ,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据鉴定其结构。结果 :从石油醚萃取物中分离得到 4个化合物 ,分别鉴定为蒲公英萜酮 ,蒲公英萜醇 ,β-谷甾醇和麦角甾醇。 结论 :4个化合物均系首次从该植物中分离得到。     

拳距瓜叶乌头二萜生物碱成分研究

目的对拳距瓜叶乌头Aconitum hemsleyanum var.circinatum的块根进行化学成分研究。方法采用柱色谱方法进行分离纯化,结合波谱数据(~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR、MS)进行结构鉴定。结果从拳距瓜叶乌头块根总生物碱中共分离得到17个二萜生物碱,分别鉴定为黄草乌碱丁(1)、8-甲氧基黄草乌碱丁(2)、贡乌生(3)、塔拉地萨敏(4)、查斯曼宁(5)、8-甲氧基塔拉胺(6)、14-乙酰塔拉胺(7)、8-去乙酰滇乌碱(8)、crassicautine(9),crassicaudine(10)、粗茎乌头碱甲(11)、黄草乌碱丙(12)、黄草乌碱甲(13)、滇乌碱(14)、transconitine B(15)、工布乌碱(16)、大渡乌碱(17)。结论化合物2、3、6、7、9、12~16为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

牛尾独活挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的:分析牛尾独活(Heracleum hemsleyanum Diels的根)挥发油的化学成分.方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取牛尾独活根挥发油,用GC毛细管色谱柱进行分离和分析,归一化法测定其相对含量,GC-MS法鉴定化学成分.结果:鉴定了53个化学成分.结论:牛尾独活挥发油中主要成分为:(1S)-6,6-二甲基-2-亚甲基[3.1.1]-双环庚烷(12.60%)、8-异丙基-1,5-二甲基-环十碳1,5-二烯(10.42%)、匙叶桉油烯醇(7.63%)、正辛醇(7.3 5%)、3-甲基壬烷(4.28%),与其他品种独活挥发油中的主要成分有较大差别.     

基于数据挖掘的孟河名医马培之用药规律研究

目的：探讨孟河名医马培之的用药规律。方法收集马培之治疗常见病的处方,在构建数据库的基础上,采用关联规则apriori算法、复杂系统熵聚类等数据挖掘方法,确定处方中药物使用频次、药物之间的关联规则和核心组合等。结果高频次药物包括茯苓、当归、白芍、陈皮、山药等,核心组合包括“生地黄-牡丹皮-麦冬”“续断-桑寄生-牛膝”“防己-独活-秦艽”“桑叶-蝉衣-桔梗”等,新处方包括“桑叶-蔓荆子-僵蚕-蝉衣-桔梗”“续断-桑寄生-牛膝-桑枝-五加皮”等。结论马培之用药经验丰富,多在经方基础上,灵活辨证,加减化裁。     

活血化瘀汤加手法复位治疗胸腰段压缩性骨折临床研究

目的：探讨活血化瘀汤加手法复位治疗胸腰段压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法：将102例胸腰段压缩性骨折患者随机分为对照组50例和治疗组52例,两组均嘱患者卧硬板床,治疗组用药第1-2周口服活血化瘀汤（方药组成：桃仁、红花、当归、赤芍、苏木各12g,乳香、没药、乌药、地鳖虫、枳实、车前草各6g）治疗,第,3-5周口服接骨续筋汤（方药组成：当归、丹参、续断、白芍、牛膝、生地黄、自然铜,香附各12g,桃仁、红花、补骨脂、骨碎补各10g）治疗,第6周后口服健肾壮腰汤（方药组成：桑寄生、独活、党参、熟地黄、杜仲、狗脊、枸杞子、续断各12g,茯苓、白术、威灵仙、骨碎补各10g）治疗。均1d1剂,5d为1个疗程。1周内行手法复位;对照组服用三七伤片,1周内行手法复位。结果：1个疗程后摄片复查复位情况和骨折愈合良好,1a后随访,治疗组痊愈35例（67．3％）,有效17例（32．7％）,有效率为100．0％;对照组痊愈20例（40．0％）,有效25例（50．0％）,无效5例（10．O％）,有效率为90．0％。结论：采用活血化瘀汤加手法复位治疗胸腰段压缩性骨折疗效显著。     

大灸疗法治疗强直性脊柱炎临床研究

目的：观察大灸疗法治疗强直性脊柱炎的临床疗效。方法：将103例患者随机分为治疗组53例和对照组50例,对照组单独使用柳氮磺吡啶;治疗组在使用柳氮磺吡啶基础上加用通督开痹药饼（药物组成：淫羊藿15g,狗脊30g,怀牛膝30g,杜仲15g,独活15g,青风藤30g,桂枝12g,川芎15g,红花10g）进行大灸,均治疗3个月,观察治疗前后关节疼痛、腰部晨僵、“4”字试验、扩胸度、枕墙距、接地距;化验室检查C-反应蛋白（cRP）和血沉（ESR）。结果：治疗组有效率96．23％,对照组有效率88．00％。两组有效率经统计处理,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。对于各个观察指标治疗组与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,且关节疼痛、腰部晨僵、“4”字试验、CRP优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：大灸疗法治疗强直性脊柱炎疗效显著。     

Medicinal uses,pharmacology, and phytochemistry of Convolvulaceae plants with central nervous system efficacies: A systematic review

Central nervous system (CNS) disorders play a major impact on individual lives and place a severe strain on health care resources. Convolvulaceae is a family comprising approximately 1,600–1,700 species grouped in 55–60 genera, and many species are reported to have an effect on CNS functions. A systematic review of the literature studies was carried out to summarize available evidences on Convolvulaceae plants with CNS efficacies. This review is based on various data sources such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Wanfang Data. A total of 200 related articles were included in this review. According to the research result, 54 Convolvulaceae species are suggested to display CNS efficacies historically, and 46 species have been evaluated for their CNS efficacies. In addition, 67 compounds from 16 Convolvulaceae species are recognized to possess CNS efficacies. Despite great progress made through pharmacology and phytochemistry studies on CNS active Convolvulaceae species, more exploratory research is needed to gain a better understanding of the CNS efficacies of this plant family.     

Screening of active ingredients of herbal medicine for interaction with CYP450 3A4

A two-step algorithm is adopted in the screening of herbal species which possess significant inhibitory effects on cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP450 3A4). The algorithm comprises an initial stage of high throughput screening with Herbochip for the identification of herbal fractions that exhibit interactions with CYP450 3A4. Fifty commonly used TCM species were screened with seven showing a positive signal reflecting interaction. In the inhibition assays that followed, six of the seven species gave a signal. Sophora flavescens stood out as it gave the highest number of wells with a response, the highest maximum index was 0.96, and the median index was 0.55. The selection of TCM species with inhibitory effects on CYP450 carries the potential role of its use to boost the effects of known therapeutic agents, a mechanism that has been exploited in the design of regimens for the treatment of HIV infection.     

A survey on botanical origins of drug tiannanxing produced in Sichuan]

According to the investigation and identification of botanical origins of 7 species and 1 variety of the traditional Chinese drug Tiannanxing produced in Sichuan, it has been found out that the main species available on the market are Arisaema erubescens and A. heterophyllum, while A. asperatum, A. wilsonii and A. fargesil come second. A key for their identification is presented in this paper.     

药用黄连的原植物研究

作者通过对全国商品黄连主产区及野生黄连的调查研究、标本采集、分类整理,确定我国药用黄连的原植物有8个种、2个变种,其中发现2个新种及一个新变种;编制了黄连属植物分种检索表;并对各种黄连根茎厚壁细胞的有无及存在部位以及生长环境进行了讨论.     

赭曲霉毒素A污染的7种根类药材中污染真菌的分析

目的:对7种受赭曲霉毒素A污染的根类药材进行污染真菌的分析,了解可能引起这些药材毒素污染的主要真菌类群。方法:用单孢分离法挑取药材表面的污染真菌,根据形态学及DNA序列特征对真菌进行鉴定。结果:从7份根类药材样品分离到6属17种真菌,其中青霉属真菌为主要污染真菌,有9个种,镰刀菌属3个种,曲霉属2个种,其他属3个种。结论:根类药材的真菌污染情况亟需重视,赭曲霉毒素A产生菌在药材上的分布具有一定的特异性。     

辽宁省五味子木脂素含量动态变化研究

目的:对辽宁省不同产地、不同生长期的野生种和栽培种五味子果实木脂素含量动态变化进行研究.方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法对五味子果实木脂素类指标成分含量进行分析.结果:不同生长期的五味子果实,5种木脂素类指标成分含量,除栽培种中的五味子酯甲和平原地区栽培种中的五味子甲素外,其他指标成分及5种指标成分总含量,均随生长期延长而逐渐升高,在半成熟期时含量达最高值;五味子果实进入成熟期后,除平原地区栽培种中的五味子酯甲和五味子甲素外,其他木脂素类指标性成分含量与半成熟期含量相比均有不同幅度降低.结论:辽宁省栽培种五味子果实其5种指标性成分在一个生长周期内含量动态变化与野生种相似.     

10种药用黄芪属植物化学成分及药理作用的研究进展

目的:黄芪是最常用的中药材药物之一,药用黄芪属植物在国内有明显的地域应用特点。该文论述10种具有代表性的黄芪属植物的化学成分以及药理作用研究进展,分属5个亚属。10种黄芪属植物分别是簇毛黄芪亚属中的乌拉特黄芪(Astragalus hoantchy),背扁黄芪(A.complanatus);黄芪亚属中的梭果黄芪(A.ernestii),膜荚黄芪(A.membranaceus),蒙古黄芪(A.momongholicus var.mongholicus),多花黄芪(A.floridus),金翼黄芪(A.chrysopterus),草木樨状黄芪(A.melilotoidesll);华黄芪亚属中的华黄芪(A.chinensis);裂萼黄芪亚属中的斜茎黄芪(A.adsurgens)。47种皂苷类化合物中,膜荚黄芪中发现37种,蒙古黄芪10种,梭果黄芪6种,多花黄芪4种;85种黄酮类化合物中,蒙古黄芪40种,膜荚黄芪31种,斜茎黄芪21种,梭果黄芪3种,背扁黄耆15种,乌拉特黄芪3种,金翼黄芪1种,草木樨状黄芪3种;蒙古黄芪中得到6种生物碱。黄芪多糖类因为提取工艺不同,得到的结构有很大差异。药理作用主要从对人体的免疫系统、抗衰老、抗病毒、抗肿瘤以及对心血管方面的作用论述。