应用自制克氏针外固定架治疗虎口挛缩

目的 探讨应用自制克氏针外固定架治疗虎口挛缩的手术方法及疗效。方法 2015年8月-2021年7月,使用自制克氏针外固定架治疗虎口挛缩20例,均有完整随访资料。采用臂丛神经阻滞麻醉,桡动脉鼻烟窝穿支皮瓣等方法修复虎口缺损后,在第1、2掌骨颈附近打入直径1.5 mm克氏针,并自制克氏针横梁,撑开虎口,弯曲克氏针端固定,依需要上下滑动横梁,调节虎口开大角度,固定4～6周后拆除。结果 20例均获随访,随访时间4个月。拇指活动范围均明显增加,功能明显改善。结论 使用自制克氏针外固定架配合皮瓣等方案治疗虎口挛缩,方法简单,经济实惠,治疗效果满意。     

简易克氏针外固定架联合腹部皮瓣修复治疗虎口区皮肤缺损

目的探讨简易克氏针外固定架联合腹部皮瓣修复治疗虎口区皮肤缺损的疗效。方法回顾性分析自2013-01—2016-02采用简易克氏针外固定架联合腹部皮瓣修复治疗的16例虎口区皮肤缺损,于拇指近节基底及第2掌骨颈背侧或示指近节基底背侧各置入1枚克氏针,并用1枚克氏针连接撑开固定。虎口创面行髂腹股沟皮瓣或腹部Z形皮瓣修复。结果 16例均获随访6~18个月,平均14个月。皮瓣全部成活,1例稍臃肿。1例出现近节指骨轻度尺偏畸形,去除外固定架理疗后改善。所有患者虎口距离可达健侧的96%以上,手的握持功能较好。结论简易克氏针外固定架及腹部皮瓣技术治疗虎口区皮肤缺损方法简单,手术时间短,可有效预防虎口挛缩,疗效满意。     

一期拇对掌功能重建结合多边形皮瓣治疗先天性铲状手畸形

目的探讨一期掌骨截骨、拇对掌功能重建结合多边形皮瓣治疗先天性铲状手畸形的临床疗效。方法 2013年1月—2017年3月收治铲状手畸形患儿8例。男5例,女3例;年龄13～35个月,平均17.5个月。患儿均表现为手指完全并指的"平板样"畸形,患手较健侧短小;所有对侧手均无异常,均未合并胸部、头颅、面部畸形。手术均采用掌骨截骨、拇指对掌功能重建并通过掌背矩形瓣重建虎口、多边形皮瓣旋转重建拇指指蹼及拇示指甲侧襞,拇指尺背侧及示指桡侧近节通过植皮修复。术后采用手功能评定专用游标卡尺测量患手虎口距离,拇指功能采取改良Tada评分评价。结果 8例患儿对掌功能重建与虎口成形均一期完成,术后拇指尺背侧及示指桡侧植皮均成活。患儿均获随访,随访时间13～29个月,平均16.1个月。术后无皮瓣坏死、拇指侧偏、虎口挛缩等并发症发生。末次随访时所有患儿虎口区皮肤颜色与健侧无明显区别;患手虎口开大距离3.5～5.0 cm,平均4.2 cm;术后拇指功能采用改良Tada评分,获优7例、良1例,优良率100%。术后拇指均可主动行抓握、对捏等动作,对掌功能良好。结论一期拇对掌功能重建结合多边形皮瓣治疗先天性铲状手畸形术后手部功能改善良好,皮瓣设计合理能有效覆盖重要区域,手术安全可靠。     

微型外固定架治疗闭合性第一掌骨基底关节内骨折

目的回顾分析应用微型外固定架治疗第一掌骨基底关节内骨折的使用方法和疗效。方法2011年3月-2013年3月,对21例第一掌骨基底关节内闭合性骨折患者采用微型外固定架治疗。I型（Bennett骨折）15例,Ⅱ型（Rolando骨折）6例。C型臂透视下复位骨折并用微型外固定架固定,如骨折移位明显或复位后不稳定则加用克氏针固定。术后早期功能锻炼,定期检查和评估患指影像学结果,记录患指的vAS评分和双侧拇指的握力、捏力、TAM、外展角度。结果术后随访3-24个月,平均10．7个月。所有患者骨折均愈合,愈合时间6-12周,平均7．7周。最终随访时,患侧拇指握力、捏力、TAM和外展角较健侧分别减少1．4％,0．8％,1．2％和5．5％,差异均无统计学意义。4例患者出现第一腕掌关节炎．关节炎的发生与关节面复位程度无明显相关性。结论微型外固定架治疗第一掌骨基底关节内骨折方法可靠、疗效确切、软组织损伤小、固定可靠、恢复快、并发症少,可以推广应用。     

Ilizarov技术在拇指脱套伤截指术后功能重建中的应用北大核心CSCD

目的探讨拇指脱套伤截指术后采用Ilizarov技术重建拇指功能的疗效。方法 2011年6月—2016年9月,9例拇指脱套伤患者截指后应用Ilizarov技术重建拇指功能。男8例,女1例;年龄18～52岁,平均34.7岁。截指平面为掌指关节水平5例,掌指关节以近0.5～1.0 cm水平2例,近节指骨基底水平(近节指骨长度<1 cm)2例。截指术后患指较健侧指短缩4.0～7.5 cm,平均5.7 cm。术后第5天开始应用半环式外固定延长器延长,每天延长0.5 mm,每6小时延长1次。结果骨延长术后8例出现虎口抬高和挛缩,其中6例行拇指内在肌止点切断和虎口"Z"字成型术,术后拇指功能恢复良好;余2例拒绝手术。9例均获随访,随访时间14～47个月,平均33个月。骨延长时间64～122 d,平均86 d。骨延长长度3.0～5.9 cm,平均4.1 cm;平均延长长度为平均短缩长度的71.9%。外固定延长器固定时间169～342 d,平均231 d。愈合指数43.2～59.1 d/cm,平均为53.4 d/cm。1例出现延长段矿化延迟,行"手风琴"技术治疗后痊愈。患者均获骨性愈合,愈合时间169～342 d,平均231 d。无重新植骨内固定及掌指关节屈曲挛缩发生。延长指端的两点辨别觉与同水平健侧指相似;握力达健侧的53%～89%,捏力达健侧的59%～91%。结论应用Ilizarov技术行拇掌骨延长是拇指脱套伤截指后重建拇指功能的较好方法。     

应用改良第一趾蹼皮瓣修复重度虎口瘢痕挛缩

目的 探讨应用改良第一趾蹼皮瓣修复重度虎口瘢痕挛缩的方法,并进行临床评价.方法 2002年1月至2007年4月,对22例重度虎口瘢痕挛缩患者进行此手术.患者均表现为虎口瘢痕挛缩,拇指内收畸形,拇指外展及对掌功能明显受限,同时多伴有手背大面积瘢痕挛缩.在彻底切除虎口处瘢痕及粘连带后,设计改良第一趾蹼皮瓣修复虎口组织缺损,并用弓形针固定拇指于外展、对掌位.结果 本组22例术后皮瓣全部成活,1例远端皮瓣边缘坏死,经换药后愈合.随访12～24个月,平均17个月,虎口宽度平均增加35 mm,虎口角度平均增加57°,统计学分析结果显示,手术前后虎口角、虎口宽度差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),术后患侧虎口角、虎口宽度与健侧相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.01).患侧两点辨别觉为6～9 mm,平均7 mm.供区植皮全部成活,无并发症出现,足部行走正常.结论 应用改良第一趾蹼皮瓣治疗重度虎口瘢痕挛缩,术后虎口外形、皮肤质地及功能均较满意,能恢复一定感觉,且供区位置隐蔽,是治疗重度虎口瘢痕挛缩的有效方法.     

Ilizarov技术在拇指脱套伤截指术后功能重建中的应用

目的探讨拇指脱套伤截指术后采用Ilizarov技术重建拇指功能的疗效。方法 2011年6月—2016年9月,9例拇指脱套伤患者截指后应用Ilizarov技术重建拇指功能。男8例,女1例;年龄18～52岁,平均34.7岁。截指平面为掌指关节水平5例,掌指关节以近0.5～1.0 cm水平2例,近节指骨基底水平(近节指骨长度1 cm)2例。截指术后患指较健侧指短缩4.0～7.5 cm,平均5.7 cm。术后第5天开始应用半环式外固定延长器延长,每天延长0.5 mm,每6小时延长1次。结果骨延长术后8例出现虎口抬高和挛缩,其中6例行拇指内在肌止点切断和虎口"Z"字成型术,术后拇指功能恢复良好;余2例拒绝手术。9例均获随访,随访时间14～47个月,平均33个月。骨延长时间64～122 d,平均86 d。骨延长长度3.0～5.9 cm,平均4.1 cm;平均延长长度为平均短缩长度的71.9%。外固定延长器固定时间169～342 d,平均231 d。愈合指数43.2～59.1 d/cm,平均为53.4 d/cm。1例出现延长段矿化延迟,行"手风琴"技术治疗后痊愈。患者均获骨性愈合,愈合时间169～342 d,平均231 d。无重新植骨内固定及掌指关节屈曲挛缩发生。延长指端的两点辨别觉与同水平健侧指相似;握力达健侧的53%～89%,捏力达健侧的59%～91%。结论应用Ilizarov技术行拇掌骨延长是拇指脱套伤截指后重建拇指功能的较好方法。     

重度虎口挛缩的显微外科修复与一期拇对掌功能重建

目的研究重度虎口挛缩伴拇对掌功能障碍者,在解除挛缩、皮瓣修复虎口的同时行环指指浅屈肌腱转位重建拇对掌功能的手术疗效。方法 1996年-2005年,对18例重度虎口挛缩伴拇指对掌功能障碍者在切除虎口周围瘢痕组织和粘连带后,将环指指浅屈肌腱转位重建拇外展功能,用鼻烟窝皮瓣、骨间前动脉背侧支皮瓣或尺动脉腕上皮支皮瓣逆行转移修复虎口皮肤缺损,并用弓形针固定拇指于外展对掌位。结果术后随访6～12个月,18例患者虎口角平均增大60°(35°-70°),虎口宽度平均增加40mm(35-55mm),恢复了拇指外展对掌功能。结论重度虎口挛缩在解除其挛缩开大虎口的同时行拇外展功能重建手术,具有一次完成虎口开大及恢复对掌功能的优点。     

第一掌骨一期延长联合虎口加深成形术治疗拇指缺损远期疗效

目的总结第1掌骨一期延长联合虎口加深成形术治疗拇指Ⅱ～Ⅲ度缺损的远期疗效。方法回顾分析1985年8月-1988年8月收治并获24年以上随访的8例拇指Ⅱ～Ⅲ度缺损患者临床资料。男5例,女3例;年龄20～53岁,平均38岁。拇指残端创面愈合至拇指再造时间为4个月～2年,平均9个月。采用第1掌骨截骨后一期延长1.8～2.0 cm再造拇指,同时作虎口"Z"字成形加深术。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。随访时间24～26年。再造拇指感觉无异常改变,均能完成对指和握持,不能完成对掌。虎口无继发挛缩,拇指内收、外展活动度30～90°,肌力5～6级。根据中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定,均获优良。结论第1掌骨一期延长联合虎口加深成形术治疗拇指Ⅱ～Ⅲ度缺损,具有手术操作简便、成功率高、远期疗效好等优点。     

掌腱膜桡侧挛缩的临床特点与治疗

目的探讨掌腱膜桡侧挛缩的病变特点和临床疗效。方法对8例因掌腱膜桡侧挛缩行手术治疗的病例进行回顾性研究。8例的病变均位于虎口和大鱼际区域，表现为皮肤纠集、结节和条索，很少影响拇指的活动范围。均手术切除局部的掌腱膜条索。7例患者获得随访，平均随访25．1个月；1例失访。结果掌腱膜桡侧挛缩多与尺侧挛缩并发，手术治疗总体疗效较好，仅有1例复发。术后病理证实切除的组织为挛缩的掌腱膜。结论掌腱膜桡侧挛缩的发病部位集中于第一掌指关节的掌侧、大鱼际尺侧、虎口部位和大鱼际桡侧，未见累及指问关节，手术治疗可取得良好效果。     

The use of external skeletal fixation to facilitate the surgical release of wrist flexion and thumb web space contractures

PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of external fixation as a splint to keep the hand in the desired position after simultaneous joint and soft-tissue release in a single stage for treatment of first web space and wrist contractures. METHODS: Six first web space adduction and 7 wrist flexion contractures were released surgically. All patients had prior unsuccessful surgery. After surgical release of the contracture and capsulotomy, external fixator pins were inserted into the first and second metacarpals to maintain thumb abduction and into the radius and second metacarpal to maintain wrist extension, followed by skin grafting. External fixation was followed by splinting. Results were based on persistence of contracture release, rate of complications, and functional outcome. RESULTS: Before surgery, the thumbs were contracted at an average of 0 degrees of adduction with no range of motion, and wrists were contracted between 85 degrees to 100 degrees of flexion. The duration of contracture and number of prior surgeries did not influence the amount of release obtained during the surgery. After 7 months to 7 years of follow-up of first web space contractures, the thumb was in an average of 55 degrees of palmar abduction. Patients were able to oppose and fully adduct. At long-term follow-up examinations of the wrist contractures, patients had the wrist in the neutral position (0 degrees) in the resting state, with active extension ranging between 5 degrees and 15 degrees and flexion ranging between 35 degrees and 45 degrees . In 1 patient the wrist was at 45 degrees of flexion in the resting state with an arc of motion of 20 degrees . In 1 patient the wrist contracted back to the preoperative position, requiring another surgery. All patients experienced increased activity and improvement in grasping objects at 6-month follow-up evaluations. Complications included 3 pin site infections, 1 severe discomfort after 6 weeks, and 1 median nerve compression. All were treated successfully. CONCLUSIONS: External fixation can be used to maintain position in cases of first web space and wrist flexion contractures after surgical release, especially in patients for whom standard methods have failed. It is safe, efficacious, and well tolerated. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.     

Comminuted fractures of the base of the first metacarpal treated by distraction-external fixation

A new technique is presented for the treatment of comminuted intraarticular fractures of the base of the thumb metacarpal. A triangular Hoffmann external radius and first- and second-metacarpal fixator is used. The reduction is maintained by prolonged distraction and abduction of the first metacarpal bone. The application of the technique in three cases is reported.     

应用改良的示指近节背侧皮瓣修复轻中度虎口挛缩

目的 介绍改良的示指近节背侧皮瓣在轻中度虎口挛缩治疗中的应用体会.方法 将原来的示指背侧岛状瓣或舌状瓣改成连同虎口一起的示指背侧局部转移皮瓣重建虎口,使皮瓣游离和虎口开大整体进行,简化了手术方法.结果 临床应用111例皮瓣全部成活,术后经3～18个月(平均8.5个月)的随访,局部外形美观,拇指功能恢复良好.虎口开大的优良率为94.6%.结论 改良的示指近节背侧皮瓣转位重建虎口是修复虎口挛缩的有效方法.     

应用改良的示指近节背侧皮瓣修复轻中度虎口挛缩

目的 介绍改良的示指近节背侧皮瓣在轻中度虎口挛缩治疗中的应用体会.方法 将原来的示指背侧岛状瓣或舌状瓣改成连同虎口一起的示指背侧局部转移皮瓣重建虎口,使皮瓣游离和虎口开大整体进行,简化了手术方法.结果 临床应用111例皮瓣全部成活,术后经3～18个月(平均8.5个月)的随访,局部外形美观,拇指功能恢复良好.虎口开大的优良率为94.6%.结论 改良的示指近节背侧皮瓣转位重建虎口是修复虎口挛缩的有效方法.     

应用改良的示指近节背侧皮瓣修复轻中度虎口挛缩

目的 介绍改良的示指近节背侧皮瓣在轻中度虎口挛缩治疗中的应用体会.方法 将原来的示指背侧岛状瓣或舌状瓣改成连同虎口一起的示指背侧局部转移皮瓣重建虎口,使皮瓣游离和虎口开大整体进行,简化了手术方法.结果 临床应用111例皮瓣全部成活,术后经3～18个月(平均8.5个月)的随访,局部外形美观,拇指功能恢复良好.虎口开大的优良率为94.6%.结论 改良的示指近节背侧皮瓣转位重建虎口是修复虎口挛缩的有效方法.     

The windblown hand: correction of the complex clasped thumb deformity.

The complex clasped thumb deformity associated with a windblown hand requires correction of three distinct deficits: an adduction contracture of the thumb-index web space, a flexion-volar subluxation contracture of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint, and severe hypoplasia of the superficial thenar muscles. Severe contractures of the thumb web space are best released by an extensive soft-tissue release and skin coverage with a large, dorsal ration-advancement flap. The thumb metacarpophalangeal joint flexion contracture is corrected by an extensive soft-tissue release, often accompanied by metacarpophalangeal joint fusion. An opponensplasty substitutes for the lack of thenar muscle. Correction of all of the deficits is required to achieve good thumb function.     

Reconstruction of the burned thumb by metacarpal lengthening

Insufficient thumb length is a major functional handicap. A technique of metacarpal distraction lengthening of a burned thumb is described. To use this technique successfully, the surgeon must be prepared to replace scar tissue and release a thumb adduction contracture.     

First metacarpal lengthening following traumatic amputation of the thumb: long-term follow-up

Thumb amputation is a relatively frequent injury in industrial accidents, producing a significant effect on hand function. The long-term results of 18 first metacarpal elongations in patients who had had a non-replantable thumb amputation at the metacarpophalangeal level are reported. Lengthening was performed using a unilateral external fixator. After a learning curve with a high complication rate and prolonged treatment, good functional results were obtained after some technical modifications, with eight patients returning to their previous occupation, and the rest requiring a change in their job.     

First ray reconstruction with distraction osteogenesis

Disarticulation of the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint level is not beneficial either aesthetically or functionally without additional surgery because it requires a bulky and an unacceptable prosthesis to be made for this amputation level. In this study, the authors have presented our experience of 12 metacarpal distractions in thumb amputated patients. Twelve male patients who had thumb amputation due to gunshot wounds were included in the study. Before the operation, aesthetic hand prostheses were made for 5 of the 12 patients. Callus distraction was performed with the use of a mini Ilizarov type external fixator in 7 cases and uniplanar dynamic mini external fixator in 5 cases too. External fixators were removed after the completion of the radiographic consolidation. Five patients whose prosthesis had been made before the operation wore their prosthesis for an average 6.8 months (5 - 14) due to poor appearance and poor construction. Union of the lengthened segment was observed in all cases. Average lengthening was 28.9 mm (range from 25 - 37). Average healing time was 2.1 months (range from 1.8 - 2.5). Average healing index was 0.73 month/cm (range from 0.65 - 0.88). Pin tract infection was seen in 7 cases (58.3%). Volar angulation developed after removing the external fixator in 1 case. Webplasty was performed in all cases. Patients were evaluated by means of Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score and pick-up test. It was concluded that the metacarpus lengthening by callus distraction technique may be a functionally and cosmetically effective reconstruction method for traumatic thumb amputations. It is believed that the possibility for a functionally and aesthetically acceptable fabrication of a thumb prosthesis, by providing a suction suspension with distraction and/or webplasty procedures.     

Functional outcome with special attention to the DASH questionnaire following callus distraction and phalangization of the thumb after traumatic amputation in the middle one-third

Introduction Aim of this retrospective study was to obtain a functional outcome following callus distraction and phalangization of the thumb after traumatic amputation in the middle one-third.Materials and methods From January 1998 to June 2001, 12 patients were treated in a staged procedure starting with corticotomy and continuous distraction (1 mm/day) of the first metacarpal bone using a unilateral external fixator device. After distraction until day 31 (range 25–35 days), the first metacarpal bone was stabilized with a plate, and phalangization was performed.Results At follow-up 1 year after surgery, the thumb was lengthened to 25–35 mm (average 28 mm) in all but 1 patient. In 1 patient a bone graft from the iliac crest had to be interposed. Pinch grip improved by 45%; grip strength improved by 55%. The function/symptom score from the DASH questionnaire was 25 points (range 16–38 points). In a 'pick-up test' all patients were able to pick up a pencil, they were able to write and could hold a full cup of water. Nine patients were able to pick up a paper clip, and 8 patients could hold a 1-liter bottle of water.Conclusion Callus distraction can be considered a suitable procedure to reconstruct an amputated thumb levelled at the middle one-third. Additional phalangization proved essential as it deepened the first web space, enabling good motion and grasp. Callus formation was delayed in elderly patients, but adequate lengthening and bone healing also occurred in this age group. The procedure will not be as beneficial in cases of osteoarthritis of the trapezometacarpal joint or when coverage of the stump is insufficient. The DASH questionnaire is very helpful in evaluating the effect of thumb reconstruction on the entire upper limb.