The portrayal of mental health in Australian daily newspapers

Objective: To examine how mental health is portrayed as a holistic construct in three major Australian daily newspapers. Methods: Using an unobtrusive, mixed methods approach incorporating content and thematic analyses, data were collected from hard copies of The Age, The Australian and Herald Sun newspapers and their weekend counterparts over 12 weeks in 2012. Results: Newspaper coverage of mental health favoured stories about illness over wellbeing. While the issue was typically reported responsibly, psychotic disorders were overrepresented in discussions of illness and were often discussed in relation to deviance. Conclusions: Our analysis suggested that positive mental health messages are commonly presented, particularly in tabloid coverage, which appears to place greater emphasis on wellbeing. However, improvements in the representation of psychotic disorders appear to be less progressive than other disorders. This suggests mental health professionals and organisations need to continue building relationships with and providing education to journalists to ensure responsible representations continue to dominate. Implications: This study provides an updated and holistic examination of the media's portrayal of mental health within the Australian context. As this is the first study to examine the portrayal of wellbeing and illness, it may provide insight into how media representations of mental health affect society beyond those affected by illness.     

2型糖尿病与心脑血管障碍

近年来有大量证据表明,糖尿病致死、致残的主要原因为心、脑血管功能障碍或病变,而导致糖尿病心、脑血管功能障碍或血管病变与糖脂代谢紊乱、动脉粥样硬化、高血压、自主神经病变密切相关。因此,加强对糖尿病心脑血管病变的认识,早期全面控制糖尿病,积极预防和延缓糖尿病心脑血管并发症的发生与发展,对降低糖尿病患者的病死率与致残率具有十分重要的意义。一、糖尿病心脑血管功能障碍与患病现状1.糖尿病与心血管病变:早在1979年Ledet首先提出了“糖尿病心脏病”这一特定概念[1],包括糖尿病心脏微血管病变、大血管病变、心肌病变、心脏自主…     

The portrayal of the adopted child in British newspapers and magazines

The subject of adoption is an important one affecting numerous children, those who adopt and the society at large. It is important to understand the ways in which adopted children (adoptees) are portrayed in the media as media portrayals may impact public perceptions of adoptees and the willingness to adopt. There is a paucity of research literature on the media portrayal of adoptees and adoption in the UK. The subject has been researched more fully in the US where the findings reveal a negative bias towards adoption. The research literature on adoption highlights the significance of attachment and trauma for adoptees. The aims of this study were to analyse the portrayal of adopted children in the British written media using content analysis. The coding categories were drawn from research literature on the portrayal of adoption in the media and the research literature on attachment theory. A total of 75 news items published between November 2009 and May 2012 were sampled. The content analysis focused on the portrayal of adoptees, the early experiences of adoptees and the effects of these early experiences. Results indicate that adoptees were portrayed sympathetically as having problems, needing support and being vulnerable. Also, there was evidence of positive portrayal of adoptees. In addition, the news items portrayed adoptees as having several negative early experiences, including, abuse, neglect and trauma. The portrayal of the effects of their early experiences identified a range of problems, including, emotional problems and attachment problems. It was concluded that the British news items samples provided a relevant but incomplete coverage of the social reality of adoption and the problems facing adopted children.     

2型糖尿病与冠心病

1 糖尿病并发心血管病变的危险因素 糖尿病病人中90%～95%是2型糖尿病,2型糖尿病常与代谢综合征伴随发生.代谢综合征表现除血糖增高,糖耐量受损外,还有胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症、腹型肥胖、血脂异常、血压高、血尿酸高和1型纤维蛋白酶原激活物抑制剂(PAI-1)增高等.这些均是2型糖尿病大血管病变发生的原因.     

Green space and cardiovascular health in people with type 2 diabetes

Associations between green space type and 9-year risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) hospitalisations and deaths were analysed in 4166 people with type 2 diabetes in the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study. Incidence of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, fatal or non-fatal CVD events and acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) were 14.67%, 7.23%, 47.36%, and 4.51%, respectively. After full adjustment, more tree canopy was associated with lower CVD mortality, lower fatal or non-fatal CVD events, and lower AMI risk. More open grass was associated with lower all-cause mortality, lower CVD mortality and lower fatal or non-fatal CVD events, but higher AMI risk.     

Protein in optimal health: heart disease and type 2 diabetes

Diets with increased protein and reduced carbohydrates have been shown to improve body composition, lipid and lipoprotein profiles, and glycemic regulations associated with treatment of obesity and weight loss. Derived from these outcomes, high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets are also being examined for treatment of heart disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. High-protein, low-carbohydrate diets have been found to have positive effects on reducing risk factors for heart disease, including reducing serum triacylglycerol, increasing HDL cholesterol, increasing LDL particle size, and reducing blood pressure. These diets appear particularly attractive for use with individuals exhibiting the atherogenic dyslipidemia of metabolic syndrome. High-protein, low-carbohydrate diets have also been investigated for treatment of type 2 diabetes with positive effects on glycemic regulation, including reducing fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose and insulin responses, and the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. Specific effects of increasing protein compared with reducing carbohydrates have not been extensively investigated. Additional research is needed to determine specific levels of protein, carbohydrate, and fat for optimum health of individuals who differ in age, physical activity, and metabolic phenotypes.     

Reliability of questionnaire information on cardiovascular disease and diabetes: cardiovascular disease study in Finnmark county

In a cardiovascular disease study in Finnmark county, Norway, which was repeated after three years (1977), 12 694 men and women twice answered a questionnaire on myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, other heart diseases, atherosclerosis obliterans, stroke, and diabetes. The reliability of these data is studied by using different indicators. These indicators suggest that questionnaire information on myocardial infarction is reliable and more reliable than such information on stroke or on diabetes. For stroke the study showed an underreporting. The information from the question on other heart diseases and atherosclerosis obliterans seems so unreliable that an interpretation of such data may be difficult.     

Emerging issues in radiogenic cataracts and cardiovascular disease

In 2011, the International Commission on Radiological Protection issued a statement on tissue reactions (formerly termed non-stochastic or deterministic effects) to recommend lowering the threshold for cataracts and the occupational equivalent dose limit for the crystalline lens of the eye. Furthermore, this statement was the first to list circulatory disease (cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease) as a health hazard of radiation exposure and to assign its threshold for the heart and brain. These changes have stimulated various discussions and may have impacts on some radiation workers, such as those in the medical sector. This paper considers emerging issues associated with cataracts and cardiovascular disease. For cataracts, topics dealt with herein include (i) the progressive nature, stochastic nature, target cells and trigger events of lens opacification, (ii) roles of lens protein denaturation, oxidative stress, calcium ions, tumor suppressors and DNA repair factors in cataractogenesis, (iii) dose rate effect, radiation weighting factor, and classification systems for cataracts, and (iv) estimation of the lens dose in clinical settings. Topics for cardiovascular disease include experimental animal models, relevant surrogate markers, latency period, target tissues, and roles of inflammation and cellular senescence. Future research needs are also discussed.     

Alzheimer's disease and Type 2 diabetes mellitus: the cholinesterase connection?

Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus tend to occur together. We sought to identify protein(s) common to both conditions that could suggest a possible unifying pathogenic role. Using human neuronal butyrylcholinesterase (AAH08396.1) as the reference protein we used BLAST Tool for protein to protein comparison in humans. We found three groups of sequences among a series of 12, with an E-value between 0–12, common to both Alzheimer's disease and diabetes: butyrylcholinesterase precursor K allele (NP_000046.1), acetylcholinesterase isoform E4-E6 precursor (NP_000656.1), and apoptosis-related acetylcholinesterase (1B41|A). Butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase related proteins were found common to both Alzheimer's disease and diabetes; they may play an etiological role via influencing insulin resistance and lipid metabolism.     

Work and diet-related risk factors of cardiovascular diseases: comparison of two occupational groups

Background  

Although work related risk factors associated with Cardiovascular Diseases (CD) have been well researched, there is no detailed knowledge regarding disparate occupational groups each with a different risk exposition. Therefore, two occupational groups (chefs and office workers) were compared with a focus on nutritional and psychosocial factors.     

Socioeconomic position,gender, health behaviours and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and diabetes

Socio-economic gradients in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes have been found throughout the developed world and there is some evidence to suggest that these gradients may be steeper for women. Research on social gradients in biological risk factors for CVD and diabetes has received less attention and we do not know the extent to which gradients in biomarkers vary for men and women.     

AIDS prevention through school health education: some sensitive issues

AIDS education for young people 10-24 years old requires special attention given the prevalence of high-risk social and sexual behaviors in this age group. Schools represent neglected agents of behavioral change and vehicles for the dissemination of AIDS-related information. Sex education has been shown to lead to more responsible behavior in young people and reduces the exposure to HIV risk by delaying the initiation of sexual activity or increasing condom use. Although program goals may vary from school to school, the general goals of AIDS education are to reduce the risk of infection by imparting accurate information about HIV/AIDS, correct myths and misinformation, create an appropriate degree of concern and motivation for behavioral change, build skills needed to avoid high-risk situations, and eliminate fears and prejudiced attitudes toward people with AIDS. A clearly formulated policy that takes account of the moral, cultural, religious, and philosophical issues related to HIV/AIDS is essential to the success of school-based AIDS prevention. Also important is support from teachers, parents, and the community.     

提高报刊健康传播质量的对策

健康传播是传播学的一个分支和部分，它是指以“人人健康”为出发点，运用各种传播媒介渠道和方法，为维护和促进人类健康的目的而制作、传递、分散、交流、分享健康信息的过程。报刊作为健康传播的载体，具有覆盖面广、时间性强、可反复阅读等优势，是健康教育的一种重要手段。针对目前报刊健康传播存在的问题，为避免影响健康传播的效果，甚至产生误导，有必要采取相应对策，切实提高报刊健康传播质量。     

Identifying primary care patients at risk for future diabetes and cardiovascular disease using electronic health records

Background  

Prevention of diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD) is possible but identification of at-risk patients for targeting interventions is a challenge in primary care.