天津市蓟县桑梓村40岁及以上人群中青光眼患病率调查

目的 调查天津蓟县桑梓村40岁及以上人群中青光眼的患病率。方法 2003年1～3月，对天津蓟县桑梓村1987人进行青光眼的普查，每一位受检者接受了问卷调查、视力、色觉、眼前节检查、前房深度、眼压测量及眼底检查，部分接受了倍频视野仪、Goldmann前房角镜及中心视野检查。结果 1701人完成了检查，受检率为85.61％。青光眼患病率为1．59％，原发性闭角型青光眼为1．12％，原发性开角型青光眼为0．35％，继发性青光眼为0.12％；高龄、有青光眼家族史者原发性青光眼患病率较高。所检出的27例青光眼患者中，有19例视功能有一定程度的损伤，其中6例双眼盲，5例单眼盲，4例双眼低视力，4例单眼低视力；19例视力损伤中13例患者年龄≥70岁。结论 青光眼引起的视功能损伤是十分严重的，高龄伴有青光眼家族史的人群应定期随访。     

北京市西长安街社区50岁以上人群青光眼调查

目的调查北京市城市社区50岁以上人群中青光眼患病状况及其视功能损害情况。设计横断面调查。研究对象北京市西城区西长安街社区≥50岁居民。方法共检查2410人,应答率88．06％。检查包括视力、裂隙灯显微镜、检眼镜检查,询问青光眼家族史。采用非接触眼压计测量眼压,裂隙灯显微镜测量周边前房深度,观察视盘有无青光眼性视神经改变。对已确诊为青光眼者,记录其青光眼发作史、手术史等。对高危人群及可疑青光眼患者Goldman眼压计测量眼压、前房角镜检查、激发试验、视野检查等。主要指标青光眼患病率,盲与低视力比例。结果西城区西长安街社区50岁及50岁以上人群青光眼患病率为2．49％,其中原发性闭角型青光眼、原发性开角型青光眼、继发性青光眼患病率分别为1．66％、0．62％、0．08％。57．89％的青光眼患者视功能有损伤,青光眼患者中双眼盲比例为7．02％,均为≥66岁的患者。单眼盲、双眼低视力和单眼低视力的比例分别为24．56％、5．26％和21．05％。结论社区居民青光眼患者中以原发性青光眼为主。原发性开角型青光眼的构成比较既往有增加的趋势。防治青光眼是今后社区防盲工作的重点之一。     

北京市顺义县50岁及以上人群中青光眼患病率和正常眼眼压的调查

目的　调查北京市顺义县≥ 5 0岁人群中青光眼的患病率和正常眼的眼压。方法　 1996年 9～ 11月 ,采用整群随机抽样法在顺义县调查了 5 5 5 5人 ,除进行视力和一般眼部检查外 ,还进行了有关青光眼的检查 ,如询问青光眼家族史和发作史 ,测量前房深度和眼压 ,眼底检查时观察视乳头有无青光眼性改变。结果　 4 880人完成了有关青光眼的检查 ,受检率为 87 85 %。青光眼的患病率为2 0 7% ,其中原发性闭角型青光眼患病率为 1 6 6 % ,原发性开角型青光眼患病率为 0 2 9% ,继发性青光眼患病率为 0 12 %。各种类型的青光眼患病率均随年龄增长而增加。 6 4 0 0 %的青光眼患者视功能有一定程度或严重损伤。双眼盲比例为 16 0 0 % ,均为≥ 6 0岁的患者。单眼盲、双眼低视力和单眼低视力的比例分别为 17 0 0 %、2 3 0 0 %和 8 0 0 %。正常眼的眼压均值为 (13 5 3± 2 2 0 )mmHg(1mmHg =0 133kPa) ,随着年龄增长 ,眼压有下降趋势。结论　就青光眼的患病率和青光眼患者的视功能而言 ,青光眼是严重的致盲眼病。≥ 5 0岁人群中 ,正常眼的眼压均值比预想值低。在这些人群中筛查青光眼时 ,应将正常眼压上限值降低至 18mmHg。     

中国陕西省农村人群血压、眼压和原发性开角型青光眼流行病学调查

目的：调查中国陕西省农村≥50岁人群原发性开角型青光眼、眼内压与全身血压的联系。 方法：2003-07／12，采用整体随机分层抽样法在陕西省洋县、靖边县及富平县调查8500人，其中≥50岁人群2125人，所有受检人员均进行标准问卷调查及详细的眼科检查，包括视力检查、裂隙灯检查、测量眼压及散瞳后直接检眼镜检查眼底。受检者于坐位测量血压。若有可疑青光眼性视盘损害或眼压高于22mmHg者则应进行视野检查。 结果：≥50岁人群中有1775人完成了青光眼的相关检查，受检率为83．53％。通过相关分析，发现此人群中眼压与全身性血压有显著相关性；眼压与收缩压均随年龄的增长而显著升高。通过多因素logistic回归分析，显示原发性开角型青光眼与低舒张期灌注压有显著联系，但未发现原发性开角型青光眼与高血压的显著联系。 结论：中国陕西省农村≥50岁人群中原发性开角型青光眼的患病率与中国其他报道相近。证实较低的舒张期灌注压是原发性开角型青光眼的一个重要危险因素。     

中国陕西省农村原发性闭角型青光眼流行病学调查

目的：调查陕西省农村≥40岁人群原发性闭角型青光眼的患病率及影响因素。方法：2003—07／12，采用按比例随机整群抽样的方法在陕南、陕北及关中3个地区农村调查8500人，其中≥40岁人群3500人，所有受检人员均进行标准问卷调查，包括询问青光眼确诊史、家族史、发作史及手术史，并进行了相关的眼科检查，包括视力、外眼、Van Herick周边前房深度评估、眼底检查。≥50岁人群及怀疑有高眼压者对其应用压平式眼压计测量眼压。对可疑青光眼者进行进一步检查，包括复查眼压、前房角镜检查、暗室试验、视野检查。结果：8500人中有6815人完成了青光眼的相关检查，总受检率为80．18％，其中≥40岁人群3500人中有2835人完成了青光眼的相关检查，受检率为81．00％。VanHerick周边前房深度分级：2级、1级和0级分别占10．4名、3．0％和0．2％。≥40岁人群原发性闭角型青光眼患者有3l例，其患病率为1．09％，通过多因素logistic回归分析显示随着年龄的增长患病率显著增加（P=0．008）。虽然女性较男性多见（OR：1．77，95％CI为0．77-4．10），文盲较非文盲多见（OR：1．71，95％CI为0．76～3．87），但其差异无统计学意义（P不同性别=0．180，P不同文化程度=0．199）。事前未被诊断为青光眼的患者占67．74％（21例），在另外10例有确诊史的青光眼患者中只有6例（60％）曾作过虹膜根切术。48．39％（15例）原发性闭角型青光眼患者存在不同程度的视力损伤，其中盲目占29．03％。70．97％（22例）为慢性闭角型青光眼。结论：陕西省农村≥40岁人群的窄房角比例高于亚洲其他国家人群。原发性闭角型青光眼的患病率与国内其他报道相近，且随着年龄的增长而增加，大部分患者无青光眼确诊史。     

中国陕西省农村原发性开角型青光眼流行病学调查

目的：调查陕西省农村人群原发性开角型青光眼的患病率及相关影响因素。方法：2003—07／12，采用按比例随机整群抽样的方法在陕南、陕北及关中3个地区农村调查8500人，所有受检人员均进行标准问卷调查，包括询问青光眼确诊史、家族史、发作史及手术史，并进行了相关的眼科检查，包括视力、外眼、眼前节、眼底检查。≥50岁人群及怀疑有高眼压者对其应用压平式眼压计测量眼压。对可疑青光眼者进行进一步检查，包括复查眼压、前房角镜检查、视野检查。结果：8500人中共有6815人完成了青光眼的相关检查，受检率为80．18％。原发性开角型青光眼患者共有9例，年龄为38-80（平均62．0）岁，患病率为0．13％，≥30岁、≥40岁和≥50岁人群患病率分别为0．23％、0．28％和0．39％。可疑原发性开角型青光眼患者有12例（0．18％），年龄为35-77（平均54.7）岁，比原发性开角型青光眼患者平均年龄约小7岁。多因素logistic回归分析显示患病率随着年龄的增长而增加（P=0．023）。除年龄外，高度近视也是该人群开角型青光眼发生的危险因素。有青光眼确诊史的患者占22．22％，其中无1例接受过药物或手术治疗。66．67％（6例）原发性开角型青光眼患者存在不同程度的视力损伤，其中盲目占33．33％。结论：原发性开角型青光眼的患病率与国内其他报道相近，且随着年龄的增长而增加。绝大部分患者无青光眼确诊史，并且从未接受过任何相关治疗。     

重庆市永川地区50岁以上人群中青光眼患病率调查

目的 调查重庆市永川地区50岁以上人群中青光眼的患病率.方法 选取2005年4～6月采用分层整群随机抽样法在永川地区行青光眼调查.在该地区城区、近郊、远郊,抽取29个抽样自然村或居委会,每一位≥50岁受检者接受了问卷调查、视力和一般眼部检查外,以VanHerick法测量周边前房深度,用Perkins手持压平眼压计测量眼压,用直接眼底镜检查眼底,主要观察视乳头,包括杯/盘比,杯盘比差,横竖径,盘沿切迹及盘沿出血.结果 5938人完成了检查,受检率85.19%.青光眼的患病率为3.55%.其中原发性闭角性青光眼患病率为2.49%,且随年龄增加而增加,女性明显高于男性,文化程度低的明显高于文化程度高的,三者差异均有统计学意义.原发性开角型青光眼患病率为0.86%,继发性青光眼患病率为0.20%.在青光眼患者中,仅有2例双眼视力≥0.3,有209例有视功能损害.其中单眼低视力8例,双眼低视力4例,单眼肓168例,双眼盲29例.结论 重庆永川地区城乡人口中青光眼总患病率较1996年北京顺义地区高,原发性闭角型青光眼仍是该地区主要青光眼类型.青光眼患者的眼球摘除率和盲目率高,与永川地区经济和文化和教育程度等社会因素有关.通过筛查对前房≤1/4角膜厚度的人群密切随访或干预治疗可以降低青光眼的致盲率.     

新疆乌鲁木齐市体检人群青光眼患病情况及相关因素分析

目的:探讨青光眼在限定人群患病情况、性别、年龄分布特点,为青光眼防治提供流行病资料。方法:2008-03/2008-08,对50岁及以上眼科体检人群,总计1743人进行青光眼调查。检查项目包括常规视力、裂隙灯显微镜、周边前房深度、眼压及直接眼底镜检查。对可疑青光眼患者进一步详细检查眼压、前房角镜、视野检查及眼底检查。结果:体检人群中确诊为青光眼者36人,患病率为2.06%,其中原发性闭角型青光眼、原发性开角型青光眼、继发性青光眼患病率分别为:1.55%、0.40%和0.11%,男性青光眼患者的患病率为1.51%,女性为2.53%,女性青光眼患者明显高于男性,原发性闭角型青光眼明显高于原发性开角型青光眼,且各型青光眼患病率随年龄增长而增高。结论:50岁及以上体检人群青光眼患病率与既往青光眼流行病调查的患病率接近,且原发性闭角型青光眼患病率高于原发性开角型青光眼患病率,女性原发性闭角型青光眼患病率高于男性,与青光眼的流行病学调查结果亦接近。     

陕西农村50岁以上人群眼压不对称性与无确诊史青光眼相关研究

目的:通过对陕西省农村50岁以上人群眼压(IOP)不对称性的分布情况及其与无确诊史的调查,分析眼压不对称性与原发性青光眼之间的关系。方法:采用分层整群抽样法于2003-07/12在陕西省洋县、靖边县及富平县对50岁以上人口进行问卷调查,包括询问青光眼确诊史、家族史、发作史和手术史,并进行相关眼科检查,包括视力、眼压、外眼、眼前节、前房深度、眼底等,可疑青光眼者进行进一步检查,包括复查眼压、检查前房角、进行激发试验、检查视野等。双眼眼压之差≥3mmHg定义为眼压不对称性。服用抗青光眼药物者、有诊断史的青光眼患者、接受过白内障手术者及有不可信眼压的受检者不做为调查对象。结果:共调查50岁以上观察对象2125例,其中有1775例完成了青光眼的相关检查,受检率为83.53%。在排除了83例服用抗青光眼药物或有青光眼诊断史、或曾接受过白内障手术及眼压不可信的受检者后,共有1692例符合研究对象纳入标准。调查发现共有23例无青光眼确诊史的患者,患病率为1.36%(95%CI,0.88,2.07)。眼压不对称性共有124例,患病率为7.3%(95%CI,6.2,8.7)。通过Mantel-Haenszel分层分析,显示眼压不对称性的患病率随年龄的增长而显著增加(P=0.012)。双眼中最高眼压>21mmHg的受检者眼压不对称性的患病率(35.7%)明显高于最高眼压≤21mmHg的受检者(7.1%)。应用多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示眼压不对称性与无确诊史的原发性青光眼有显著性关联(OR为3.68;95%CI,1.37,9.86),此联系在双眼中的最高眼压≤21mmHg的受检者中依旧保持(OR为4.74;95%CI,1.16,19.35)。结论:对于那些没有出现高眼压并且还未诊断为青光眼的患者,眼压不对称性与原发性青光眼关联有统计学意义,提示临床上诊断原发性青光眼时,眼压不对称性可作为一个有价值的诊断参考指征。     

库车县40岁及以上维吾尔族农民青光眼患病情况流行病学调查

背景青光眼是导致不可逆盲的常见病因之一,且青光眼的患病类型在全球不同地区分布有所差异。目的了解新疆库车县成年维吾尔族农民青光眼患病率及常见的患病类型,为该地区和该民族青光眼的防治提供依据。方法2009年3～4月新疆医科大学第一附属医院眼科采用单纯随机整群抽样的方法对新疆库车县14个村4191名40岁以上成年维吾尔族农民进行青光眼调查,受检者按年龄分为40～49、50～59、60～69组和≥70岁组。调查事先经过新疆医科大学伦理委员会审批,所有受检者受试前均签署知情同意书后方进行相关检查。所有检查者均经过调查标准化培训。调查内容包括病史、常规眼部检查及前房深度、房角镜、眼底检查,必要时行暗室俯卧试验、散瞳实验明确青光眼患病类型。周边前房深度诊断按照vanHerick标准,前房角关闭的分级标准采用Scheie分级法。结果检录的4873名受检者中4191人完成跟部检查及相关的青光眼检查,受检率为86．0％,受检者依从性好。青光眼的患病率为3．79％,其中原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）、原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）及继发性青光眼的患病率分别为2．22％、0．26％及1．31％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。各型青光眼患病率均随年龄的增长而增加,不同年龄组间患病率的差异有统计学意义（,=116．69,P〈0．05）,男性患者的患病率明显高于女性（疋。=7．34,P〈0．05）。受检确诊的青光眼患者中19．75％为双眼盲,其中有25．30％的患者行抗青光眼手术,不同年龄组视力的差异有统计学意义（X^2=37．69,P〈0．05）。结论新疆库车县成年维吾尔族农民青光眼患病率高于大部分国内及国外调查结果。PACG仍为最常见的青光眼患病类型。     

Follow-up studies in pattern VECP in demyelinating diseases in children

Spectral sensitivity functions and the transient decrease of sensitivity to short wavelengths after the offset of yellow light (transient tritanopia) were measured by increment threshold techniques in patients suffering from hereditary macular degenerations. Color vision defects were determined by arrangement tests and the anomaloscope. Central areolar choroidal dystrophy was found to produce a mild protan defect and to reduce foveal spectral sensitivity throughout the visible spectrum by a factor of 100; it also abolishes transient tritanopia. Electroretinogram (ERG) was normal, electrooculogram (EOG) subnormal. Stargardt's disease, despite numerous fluorescent macular spots, does not abolish transient tritanopia nor does it reduce spectral sensitivity, although scotopic matches were performed on the Nagel anomaloscope. Only in severe, advanced cases was transient tritanopia reduced and spectral sensitivity found to follow the absorption spectrum of rods. Routine ERGs and EOGs were normal. Vitelliform macular degeneration, despite the ophthalmoscopically pronounced dystrophic macula, produced only very small changes in spectral sensitivity and transient tritanopia, although a widened matching range on the Nagel anomaloscope and electrophysiological abnormalities were found. Apparently damage of the retinal circuit which connects long and short wavelength-sensitive cones, caused by hereditary conditions, is different from that caused by retinotoxic drugs.     

p53 expression in pterygium in two climatic regions in Turkey

Purpose:

To assess accumulation of p53 protein in samples of primary pterygium from people living in two different climatic regions in Turkey.

Materials and Methods:

Group 1 included 101 pterygium specimens from people in Adana located in southern Turkey. Group 2 included 39 pterygium specimens from people in Ankara, located in the middle of Turkey. Climatic conditions throughout the year are sunnier and warmer in Adana than they are in Ankara. The control group (Group 3) included 30 specimens of conjunctiva that had been excised during cataract surgery from 30 patients without pterygium. The pterygial specimens and control conjunctiva were studied by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against p53 protein. Pearson''s chi-square test was used to compare the p53 immunoreactivity.

Results:

The p53 immunoreactivity in Groups 1 and 2 was greater than it was in the control group (P<0.001). There were no differences in p53 immunoreactivity between Groups 1 and 2 (P= 0.060).

Conclusion:

The p53 immunoreactivity was not correlated with ultraviolet irradiation exposure. The p53 immunoreactivity in our pterygium specimens suggests that pterygium could be a result of uncontrolled cell proliferation.     

Changes in Bruch's membrane in experimental hypercholesteremia in rats

PURPOSE: We investigated the effect of high cholesterol diet for the aging changes in Bruch's membrane of rats. METHODS: After feeding a 4% cholesterol diet for 15 weeks to three young rats 3 months old and four aged rats 23 months old, we observed the morphological changes of Bruch's membrane by electron microscopy, and made a comparison with rats fed an ordinary diet. RESULTS: In one young rat fed a high-cholesterol diet, the endothelial basement membrane of the choriocapillaris formed multiple folds separated from the plasma membrane of the endothelium and showed lamellar thickening and crack in some areas. The elastic fiber layer in Bruch's membrane disappeared partly and some new microfibrils appeared. In one aged rat fed a high-cholesterol diet, the endothelial basement membrane of the choriocapillaris showed more lamellar thickening with lumps in some parts. Compared with rats fed an ordinary diet, rats fed a high-cholesterol diet showed thickening of the basement membrane and the changes were more severe. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicated that high-cholesterol diet might promote age-related changes of Bruch's membrane.     

Trends in Patterns of Anterior Uveitis in a Tertiary Institution in Singapore

Purpose: To report the trends in etiology of patients with anterior uveitis (AU) in Singapore over 6 years.

Methods: A retrospective review of the clinical records of all new patients who presented with anterior uveitis to the uveitis subspecialty clinic from 2005 to 2010 at Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.

Results: There were 552 new cases of AU. This comprised 59.5% of a total of 928 new patients diagnosed with uveitis from 2005 to 2010. The mean age was 48.0?±?17.2 years. There was a male predominance (62.5%), with a male:female ratio of 1.7:1. The majority were of Chinese ethnicity (69%), followed by Malays (13.2%). Most cases were unilateral (79.5%) and idiopathic (50.4%). Common etiological causes included Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI) (5.6%), ankylosing spondylitis (AS)-related AU (5.1%), herpes simplex virus (HSV) (4.7%), and herpes zoster virus (HZV) (4.5%). There were increasing trends in AS-related AU from 3.2% in 2008 to 6.5% in 2010, and psoriasis-associated AU from 1.7% in 2005 to 4.0% in 2008. There were decreasing trends in the incidence of FHI from 10.6% in 2006 to 4.7% in 2009. No change in incidence of viral etiologies was noted, but cytomegalovirus-related immune-recovery uveitis (IRU) comprised 7.4%. IRU showed an increasing trend from 1.7% in 2005 to 11.9% in 2007, then decreased to 3.3% in 2010. Using the Pearson chi-square test, there was no statistically significant association between ethnicities (Chinese, Malay, Indian) comparing infectious and noninfectious cases (p?=?0.788), idiopathic and nonidiopathic cases (p?=?0.170), or between the various etiologies of uveitis (p?=?0.168).

Conclusions: AU was the predominant form of uveitis seen at our centers. Infectious etiologies (18.5%) are the most common among nonidiopathic cases, with herpes viruses (9.2%) being most prevalent. Despite increased use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the detection of microbial and viral DNA, there was no overall increase in detection of infectious causes for uveitis. The changes in CMV-related immune recovery uveitis from 2005 to 2010 could reflect a change in HIV management in Singapore.     

Orthokeratology practice in children in a university clinic in Hong Kong*

Purposes: The aim of this study was to analyse clinical data of children undergoing orthokeratology (ortho‐k) and to investigate patients’/parents’ perspective on ortho‐k via telephone interviews. Methods: Clinical records of children undergoing ortho‐k from a university optometry clinic were reviewed and the effects of ortho‐k on refraction, vision and cornea were investigated. A telephone interview was conducted to solicit patients’/parents’ perspective of the treatment. Results: One hundred and eight files were reviewed. Median age of the children was nine years (range six to 15); mean (±SD) pre‐treatment refractive sphere was ‐3.56 ± 1.49 D and the median refractive cylinder was ‐0.50 D (range zero to ‐4.25 D). Significant refractive spherical reduction (58 per cent), improvement in unaided vision and corneal topographical changes were noted after only one night of wear. No significant change in astigmatism was found. Corneal staining was the most commonly observed complication with ortho‐k and more than 80 per cent of patients were advised to apply ocular lubricants to loosen the lens before lens removal. Ortho‐k was mainly undertaken for myopic control and about 90 per cent of the respondents reported good/very good unaided vision after ortho‐k and ranked the treatment as satisfactory or very good. Lens binding and ocular discharge were the most frequently reported problems during the treatment. Conclusion: Under close monitoring, overnight ortho‐k is effective and safe for reducing low to moderate myopia and the treatment is well accepted by the children.     

内毒素诱导的大鼠葡萄膜炎的巨噬细胞中Toll样受体4的表达

目的 探讨在内毒素诱导的Wistar大鼠葡萄膜炎中Toll样受体4(TLR4)阳性细胞与虹膜组织中巨噬细胞的动态变化和分布.方法 实验研究.Wistar大鼠50只,用随机数字法随机分为5组,每组10只,分别为正常对照(0 h)组、6 h组、12 h组、24 h组及48 h组.除0 h组外其余各组均足垫部注射霍乱弧菌内毒素200μg,注射后于裂隙灯显微镜下观察双眼前节炎症反应变化.按实验分组于0、6、12、24、48 h处死大鼠.取虹膜一睫状体及脉络膜组织.通过葡萄膜铺片免疫组织化学方法检测TLR4和巨噬细胞的标记CD163的表达.人工计数虹膜中TLR4~+与CD163~+的细胞并计算细胞密度,计算圆形和多形性的CD163~+细胞占所有CD163~+细胞的百分比.进一步采用免疫荧光双标记检测TLR4和CD163共表达的情况.通过单因素方差分析分别对大鼠虹膜内阳性细胞密度以及圆形、多形性CD163~+细胞的百分比进行统计学检验.结果 正常大鼠虹膜睫状体组织不表达TLR4.6 h组有2只大鼠虹膜内可见少量TLR4~+细胞,12～48 h组所有大鼠虹膜内TLR4~+细胞明显增多(F=167.2,P＜0.001),虹膜内TLR4~+细胞密度分别为(506.1±39.5)个/mm~2(12 h组)、(492.3±54.5)个/mm~2(24 h组)及(663.8±150.2)个/mm~2 (48 h组).在注射LPS后12～48 h期间TLR4~+细胞形态无明显变化.0～48 h组大鼠虹膜内均有CD163~+细胞,0 h组圆形和多形性CD163~+细胞百分比为13%,12～48 h组其百分比约为80%,且圆形细胞主要位于虹膜基质层.免疫荧光双标记可见TLR4和CD163的共表达,TLR4位于细胞膜,CD163位于细胞质.5组大鼠脉络膜内均未见TLR4表达.结论 内毒素诱导的大鼠葡萄膜炎中虹膜内TLR4表达增高,部分虹膜固有巨噬细胞表达TLR4.TLR4可能在葡萄膜炎的发生发展中起一定作用.     

弱视眼底光学相干断层扫描的研究进展

弱视是由于视觉发育关键期内各种异常的视觉经验导致单眼或双眼最佳矫正远视力低于正常同龄儿童,而眼部无明显器质性病变。目前普遍观点认为,弱视的发病机理主要源于视皮层。近年来,光学相干断层扫描（OCT）作为一种先进的活体成像技术,促进了对视网膜形态结构的大量研究,同时也被应用到弱视的研究领域。陆续有不同的研究人员利用OCT发现弱视患者眼底视网膜、脉络膜等眼部结构存在改变。笔者将对弱视眼底OCT的研究进展做一综述。     

实验性糖尿病视网膜微血管病变的病理研究

目的：观察糖尿病视网膜病变（diabetic retinopathy,DR）的组织学改变。方法：应用光镜、免疫组织化学、电镜及组织化学电镜等技术,研究在不同时间点Spregue-Dawley(SD)大鼠视网膜毛细血管基底膜中的Ⅳ型胶原蛋白及层黏蛋白和视网膜毛细胞血管基底膜的厚度,以及其负电荷位点数目的变化。结果：随着糖尿病病程的发展,视网膜毛细血管基底膜下不断增厚伴有Ⅳ型胶原蛋白及层黏蛋白的增加,同时负电荷位点数目减少。结论：视网膜毛细血管基底膜增厚,Ⅳ型胶原蛋白及层黏蛋白的增加,负电荷位点数目减少可能是导致DR渗出性病变的病理基础。