立氏立克次体蛋白抗原基因的表达和重组蛋白抗原的免疫印迹分析

目的表达立氏立克次体(Rickettsia rickettsii)主要抗原基因,免疫印迹初步分析重组蛋白抗原的抗原性。方法根据立氏立克次体全基因组序列选出主要抗原相关基因,采用PCR从全基因组中扩增抗原相关基因,将扩得的基因片段插入原核表达质粒构建抗原基因重组表达质粒,将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌并诱导转化菌表达重组蛋白抗原。采用立氏立克次体感染的豚鼠血清和斑点热患者血清分别与纯化的重组蛋白抗原做免疫印迹分析。结果经PCR扩增后获得43个目的基因片段,其中36个基因片段在大肠杆菌中高效表达重组蛋白抗原,其中5个蛋白抗原在免疫印迹中与感染豚鼠血清和斑点热患者血清反应均为阳性。结论免疫印迹筛选出5种立氏立克次体重组蛋白抗原,结果提示它们是能够诱导机体产生特异性免疫应答的主要抗原,可作研制斑点热诊断试剂或亚单位疫苗的新候选蛋白抗原。     

卡氏肺孢子虫p55抗原基因片段原核表达质粒的构建与表达

目的 构建卡氏肺孢子虫p55抗原基因片段原核重组表达质粒，表达重组蛋白。 方法 SD大鼠皮下注射免疫抑制剂地塞米松14周，建立卡氏肺孢子虫大鼠模型。从感染大鼠肺组织中抽提总RNA，RT-PCR克隆p55基因，测序, 验证扩增产物。利用定向克隆技术将p55基因片段克隆到载体pGEX-4T-1上，重组质粒经酶切分析、PCR鉴定后，用异丙基?鄄β?鄄D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达。最后用十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE) 和蛋白质印迹（Western blotting）分析鉴定表达产物。 结果 克隆的p55基因片段为690 bp, 重组质粒pGEX-4T-1/690构建成功； SDS-PAGE显示目的蛋白相对分子质量(Mr)约为62 000，表达产量约占菌体蛋白的11.6%；Western blotting分析结果显示，表达蛋白能分别与谷胱甘肽（GST）抗体、卡氏肺孢子虫感染的大鼠血清发生反应。 结论 构建了卡氏肺孢子虫p55抗原基因的pGEX-4T-1/690重组质粒，诱导表达的蛋白具有良好的抗原性。     

单核细胞增生性李斯特菌溶血素基因的原核表达

目的为获得大量的单核细胞增生性李斯特氏菌（Listeria monocytogenes，Lmo）溶血素（Hemolysin，hty）蛋白，以便研制Lmo诊断试剂及其在疫苗研制方面的作用。方法本文应用Primer Premier5．00设计引物，引入13amHI和x幻工酶切位点。以前期合成构建的pMDl8-T-hly质粒为模板，通过PCR方法扩增出Lmo0586株溶血素基因。相应酶切后，克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-6p-1中，构建pGEX-6p-hly重组质粒，转化入大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）进行表达。带有重组质粒pGEX-6p-hly的大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）经IPTG诱导后，进行SDS-PAGE及免疫印记分析。结果PCR体外扩增hly基因产物大小约为1624bp，成功构建了重组表达质粒pGEX-6p—hly；SDS-PAGE显示蛋白表达带的分子量约为72ku，重组蛋白主要以包涵体形式表达。表达量占菌体总蛋白的20．8％；Western免疫印记表明具有良好的反应原性。结论在国内首次构建重组质粒pGEX-6p-hly，并以融合蛋白的形式进行了高效表达，同时该蛋白具有特异的抗原反应性，为研制Lmo诊断试剂及其在疫苗研制中的作用奠定了基础。     

抗汉坦病毒核衣壳蛋白单链抗体基因的克隆与鉴定

目的将已筛选出的抗汉坦病毒核衣壳蛋白（NP）抗原单链抗体基因克隆入原核表达载体pGEX-6p-1,构建重组表达质粒pGEX-6P-1-scFv。方法提取含抗NP抗原单链抗体基因的T7噬菌体DNA,此为模板,PCR扩增单链抗体基因,BamHI和SalⅠ双酶切,经连接酶与BamHⅠ和SalⅠ双酶切的表达载体pGEX-6p-1连接;重组DNA转化入宿主菌E．coli BL-21（DE3）,琼脂糖凝胶电泳初筛选阳性重组质粒,并用PCR法、双酶切法及DNA测序鉴定。结果重组质粒pGEX-6P-1-scFv经BamHⅠ和SalⅠ双酶切,片段大小分别为5000bp和750bp,与预期值一致;重组质粒PCR产物大小为750bp,与预期值一致;测定重组质粒序列,并与scFv序列比较,结果相一致。抗NP单链抗体基因序列克隆人表达载体pGEX-6p-1。结论成功构建了含抗汉坦病毒NP抗原单链抗体基因的重组原核表达质粒pGEX-6P-1-SCFv。     

弓形虫RH株致密颗粒蛋白GRA4基因的克隆与表达

目的 克隆和表达弓形虫RH株致密颗粒蛋白GRA4基因。方法 根据GRA4基因序列,设计合成一对引物,用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法从弓形虫RH株基因组DNA中扩增GRA4基因片段,插入pMD18-T载体,并转化大肠杆菌JM109,经PCR、双酶切、测序验证后,将GRA4基因片段定向亚克隆到载体pGEX-4T-2中构建原核表达重组质粒pGEX-4T-2.GRA4,重组子在E.coli BL21中经IPTG诱导表达,并对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE及Westem blot分析。结果 从弓形虫RH株基因组DNA中扩增出GRA4基因片段并诱导表达出能被兔抗弓形虫血清识别的重组GRA4蛋白。结论 成功构建和表达了弓形虫pGEX-4T-2-GRA4重组质粒,为弓形虫病诊断抗原和疫苗的研究奠定了基础。     

弓形虫致密颗粒抗原GRA8的原核和真核表达质粒的构建

目的 构建弓形虫RH株致密颗粒抗原GRA8的原核和真核重组表达质粒。方法 参照GRA8序列分别设计引物。采用PCR从弓形虫RH株基因组DNA中分别扩增出编码GRA8的基因片段，克隆至pMD18-T载体；菌落PCR鉴定阳性克隆并测序分析；各组阳性克隆的质粒分别亚克隆至原核表达质粒pGEX-4T-2和真核表达载体pVAXl，分别转化大肠杆菌BL21和JM109,PCR和酶切鉴定转化菌落的插入序列；将构建的原核表达菌株经IPTG诱导，SDS—PAGE和免疫印迹分析融合蛋白的表达；将构建的真核重组表达质粒免疫小鼠，观察其诱导的抗体应答。结果 PCR扩增出GRA8基因的特异片段。各组阳性克隆的序列正确，并分别被亚克隆到原核表达质粒pGEX-4T-2和真核表达载体pVAXl上，构建了弓形虫致密颗粒抗原GRA8的原核和真核重组表达质粒；原核表达质粒在大肠杆菌中表达了GRA8的融合蛋白；真核重组表达质粒诱导小鼠产生了抗弓形虫抗原的抗体。结论以pGEX-4T-2和pVAX1为载体，分别成功构建了GRA8的原核和真核重组表达质粒     

普氏立克次体重组表面蛋白制备和免疫印迹抗原特异性分析

目的克隆与表达普氏立克次体（Rickettesia prowazekii）主要蛋白抗原基因,分析所表达重组蛋白的抗原特异性。方法采用PCR法从普氏立克次体全基因组中扩增其主要抗原基因,将扩得的基因片段插入原核表达质粒;将基因重组表达质粒转化大肠杆菌,用IPTG诱导转化菌表达重组蛋白。将普氏立克次体、莫氏立克次体、立氏立克次体、恙虫病东方体、黑龙江立克次体、贝氏柯克斯体等实验感染小鼠血清与重组蛋白做免疫印迹。结果经过PCR扩增后获得9个目的基因片段,用其构建出9个原核表达质粒;9个原核表达质粒转化菌均高效表达出相应的重组蛋白;结果显示FtsZ、GroEI。Rp828、EF—Ts等4个蛋白特异性最好,仅与普氏立克次体感染小鼠血清反应;其次是Omp,它除与普氏立克次体感染小鼠血清反应外,仅与莫氏立克次体感染血清反应。结论FtsZ等4个重组蛋白为普氏立克次体的特异性抗原,可以作为研制流行性斑疹伤寒血清学诊断试剂的候选抗原。     

SARS冠状病毒S蛋白部分序列2的克隆与表达

目的 构建SARS冠状病毒棘突蛋白部分序列2(S2)的原核表达质粒，分析其在大肠杆菌中的表达状况。方法 采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应技术从SARS冠状病毒基因组中扩增出编码S蛋白的第2170到2814位碱基的基因片段，克隆至pMD18-T载体，PCR筛选阳性克隆并测序。用限制性内切酶消化后，目的片段亚克隆至表达载体pGEX-4T-2，转化大肠杆菌．JM109，PCR和双酶切鉴定转化菌落。将阳性菌落经IPTG诱导，SDS—PAGE和免疫印迹分析靶蛋白的表达。结果 RT—PCR扩增出S2特异片段，经测序与GenBank比对存在1处碱基突变。S2基因片段亚克隆至表达载体pGEX-4T-2构建成重组表达质粒，并在JM109中表达了S2融合蛋白。结论 成功构建了SARS冠状病毒S2的重组表达质粒，并在大肠杆菌中表达了S2融合蛋白。     

肺孢子虫（菌）p55抗原嵌合基因的克隆及表达产物分析

目的构建肺孢子虫（菌）p55蛋白嵌合基因的原核表达载体,分析、鉴定及纯化表达产物。方法自NCBI网站的蛋白数据库中获取p55抗原及4个变异体信息,运用生物信息学方法预测可能的抗原表位,设计包含多个可能抗原表位的多肽,根据遗传中心法则及大肠杆菌密码子偏好性进行密码子优化,将氨基酸序列转化为核苷酸序列,将人工合成的嵌合基因（CAG）片段连接到质粒pGEX-6p-1（含GST标签）上,构建原核表达载体pGEX-6p-1/CAG,酶切、测序鉴定。pGEX-6p-1/CAG转化大肠杆菌,异丙基-β-D硫代半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导表达重组融合蛋白CAG-GST。表达产物用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）及Western-blotting分析鉴定。结果双酶切及测序结果显示重组质粒pGEX-6p-1/CAG构建成功。SDS-PAGE显示重组融合蛋白相对分子量约为69 000。Western-blotting结果显示,表达的融合蛋白为CAG-GST。结论成功构建表达p55蛋白嵌合基因的原核表达载体pGEX-6p-1/CAG,建立表达重组蛋白的原核表达系统。     

卡氏肺孢子菌55kDa抗原的原核表达与纯化

目的体外扩增卡氏肺孢子菌(Pneumocystis carinii,Pc)55kDa抗原(p55)570bp的基因片段,构建原核表达载体pGEX-570,诱导表达并纯化重组蛋白。方法以卡氏肺孢子菌DNA为模板,扩增其基因片段,连接至pGEM-T载体,随后构建pGEX-570重组表达质粒,经双酶切、PCR及测序鉴定后将其转化入BL21大肠杆菌中,经IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白。采用透析袋电泳法纯化融合蛋白。结果重组表达质粒pGEX-570经酶切,PCR鉴定及测序结果表明构建成功。IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白GST-p55/570,分子量约为47kDa。用透析袋电泳法纯化重组蛋白,经SDS-PAGE确认正确。结论本研究成功构建了pGEX-570原核表达载体,诱导表达并纯化GST-p55/570融合蛋白。为进一步开展肺孢子菌55kDa抗原的研究奠定了基础。     

Research and Evaluation of the Influence of the Construction of the Gate and the Influence of the Piston Velocity on the Distribution of Gases into the Volume of the Casting

Distribution of gasses to the cast volume and volume of pores can be maintained within the acceptable limits by means of correct setting of technological parameters of casting and by selection of suitable structure and gating system arrangement. The main idea of this paper solves the issue of suitability of die casting adjustment—i.e., change of technological parameters or change of structural solution of the gating system—with regards to inner soundness of casts produced in die casting process. Parameters which were compared included height of a gate and velocity of a piston. The melt velocity in the gate was used as a correlating factor between the gate height and piston velocity. The evaluated parameter was gas entrapment in the cast at the end of the filling phase of die casting cycle and at the same time percentage of porosity in the samples taken from the main runner. On the basis of the performed experiments it was proved that the change of technological parameters, particularly of pressing velocity of the piston, directly influences distribution of gasses to the cast volume.     

县级以下综合医疗机构医务人员对现代结控知识的认识现状调查

目的本文旨在了解医务人员现代结控知识掌握的现状及培训效果?方法于培训前后进行问卷调查,内容包括:病例发现?结核病诊断及化疗?结果培训前疫情报告和转诊,回答正确者占75.2%?71.7%;对临床表现?查痰和诊断依据,回答正确者占83.5%?42.5%?40.8%;抗痨药物?用药方法?化疗原则?短化方案?短化疗程?治愈标准六项,回答正确者占58%?14.4%?20.8%?9.2%?17%?24.3%?培训后再次调查发现,90%以上医务人员对现代结控基本知识已掌握?结论各级医务人员现代结控知识是很贫乏的,因此,对其进行系统培训是极为必要的,此项工作省时?省力?投入少,可收到事半功倍的效果。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Pylorus preservation has been advocated to decrease the morbidity associated with the classical or standard pancreaticoduodenectomy. The proposed advantages are decreased incidence of peptic ulceration, dumping syndrome, and nutritional problems. However, after an initial period of enthusiasm for the procedure, it is now being found that marginal ulceration at the duodenojejunal anastomosis is encountered with increasing frequency. Delay in gastric emptying occurs frequently, with an overall incidence of 30%. With the availability of better pancreatic enzyme supplements, the current incidence of nutritional problems and weight loss after the standard Whipple procedure is unknown. Whether there is a difference in long-term survival after the two procedures performed for adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas is still debatable. A controlled trial is needed to answer many of these questions, and pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy should be used cautiously until further data become available.