吊白块中甲醛的分光光度测定法

目的探讨吊白块(甲醛次硫酸氢钠)中甲醛的测定方法。方法采用品红亚硫酸法和乙酰丙酮法测定吊白块中甲醛含量,并计算样品中吊白块的含量。结果乙酰丙酮法的线形范围在0～30μg,回归方程为:y=0.000664+0.190x,r=0.9990;品红亚硫酸的线形范围在0～20μg,回归方程为:y=-0.00460+0.0558x,r=0.9960。乙酰丙酮法的回收率为87.6%～96.4%,RSD为5.5%～7.8%;品红亚硫酸法的回收率为98.2%～108%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.6%～5.8%。2种方法测定样品中吊白块的结果差异无显著性(t=0.1135,P>0.05)。结论品红亚硫酸法和乙酰丙酮法均适于基层实验室检测吊白块的甲醛含量,乙酰丙酮法受外界环境的影响小,更为适用。     

对蒸馏酒国标分析方法的改进

对蒸馏酒类“国标法”的操作方法及有关试剂的配制提出以下改进意见。一、甲醇品红亚硫酸比色法测定酒中甲醇,用光电比色的线性和重现性较差。测定时宜采用单一标准与样品吸光度比较法测定计算甲醇含量。品红亚硫酸试剂易变红色而失效。制取二氧化硫气     

多点标准加入法测定酒中甲醇

多点标准加入法测定酒中甲醇浙江省上虞市卫生防疫站（３１２３００）周坚勇酒中甲醇测定的国家标准方法是品红亚硫酸法（１），该法由于乙醇浓度对显色影响较大，故在操作时样品管与标准管中乙醇浓度须严格控制一致。文献（２）采用标准加入法消除了乙醇对分析产生的影响...     

高效液相色谱法检测化妆品中6种糖皮质激素

目的:建立检测化妆品中6种糖皮质激素的分析方法。方法:本文利用液相色谱带二极管阵列检测器,检测波长240 nm,C18色谱柱,流动相:乙腈+水=40+60,测定化妆品中氢化可的松,醋酸波泥松,醋酸氢化可的松,醋酸氟氢可的松,醋酸可的松,醋酸地塞米松。结果:在化妆品中糖皮质激素的最低检出浓度0.5μg/g,回归系数r≥0.9997。各糖皮质激素添加量为5μg时,氢化可的松,醋酸波泥松,醋酸氢化可的松,氟氢可的松,醋酸可的松,醋酸地塞米松的添加回收率分别为79.2%±4.6%,83.5%±3.1%,85.3%±6.4%,86.7%±5.1%,85.5%±3.7%和82.1%±0.8%;添加量为50μg时,添加回收率分别为86.6%±5.0%,88.8%±4.5%,89.3%±4.7%,94.6%±5.2%,91.6%±4.4%和90.7%±4.5%。结论:该方法简单,分离效果好,能够满足检测化妆品中6种糖皮质激素的需要。     

餐具洗涤剂中甲醇测定方法

目的建立餐具洗涤剂中甲醇的检测方法。方法采用亚硫酸品红分光光度法,用2 cm比色皿在590 nm处测吸光度。结果在0.05～0.5 mg范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为r=0.999 6,平均回收率为98.7%,RSD为3.0%,最低检测浓度为0.02 g/100 g。结论用本方法可以用来测定餐具洗涤剂中的甲醇,并且该法稳定、准确、简便、实用,适合在基层实验室普及应用。     

1979～1992年卢龙县白酒理化指标结果分析

为加强白酒生产的卫生管理以及提高其卫生质量。我们对1979～1992年间,本县以白薯粉渣为原料生产经营的蒸馏酒四项理化检验结果进行了分析,其结果如下: 1 项目与方法 1.1 乙醇浓度测定采用了酒精计法,均换算成20℃时乙醇浓度,甲醇采用品红亚硫酸纳比色法,杂醇     

如何消除试剂杂质对化妆品中甲醇测定的影响

如何消除试剂杂质对化妆品中甲醇测定的影响海南省卫生防疫站（海口５７０００３）易勇化妆品中甲醇含量测定目前均采用《化妆品卫生化学标准检验方法》中气相色谱法（ＧＢ７９１７．４－８７）。该法样品预处理需用无甲醇乙醇溶液，但因生产乙醇的产地、厂家不同，试剂的...     

以乙酸丁酯为内标分析酒中甲醇和总杂醇油含量

以乙酸丁酯为内标分析酒中甲醇和总杂醇油含量福建省三明市卫生防疫站（３６５０００）陈爱京酒中甲醇、杂醇油是国家食品卫生标准规定的必测项目。过去一直沿用化学法，但该方法受试剂、温度及时间影响大；用品红亚硫酸法测甲醇，其浓度与吸光度呈非直线响应关系［１］，...     

酒中甲醇简易检测法研究

吸收了品红亚硫酸法、对品红亚硫酸法、盐酸苯肼法的优点，建立了一种检测酒中甲醇含量的的变色酸比色法。其工作曲线的相关系数ｒ＝０．９８４５，回收率为７６％～１１２％，ＣＶ值为２．４～６．１％，与国标法比较，无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。灵敏度为０．０９ｍｇ／ｍｌ，符合食品卫生标准要求。     

甲醛快速化学比色检测法的筛选研究

目的:通过对比实验,筛选甲醛的化学检测法,寻找快速的甲醛检测方法,为研制甲醛的简便、快速检测盒奠定实验基础。方法:分别以品红亚硫酸比色法、品红亚硫酸-浓硫酸比色法、乙酰丙酮法、班氏试剂法、硫酸铁法、酚试剂法及高锰酸钾法等化学比色法测定甲醛,比较各种检测法中反应、显色特点。结果:品红亚硫酸比色法、品红亚硫酸-浓硫酸比色法、乙酰丙酮法和高锰酸钾法与甲醛反应均有明显的颜色变化,其中品红亚硫酸法显色清晰、色阶明显、显色时间较短、显色稳定性好、最低显色浓度也较其它方法低。乙酰丙酮法、班氏试剂法、硫酸铁法和酚试剂法没有明显的颜色变化。结论:相比较其他方法,品红亚硫酸比色法颜色变化明显、灵敏度高,能够满足甲醛现场快速检测的要求。     

北京市大气污染对学龄儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状的影响

目的了解北京市大气污染对儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状的影响,为保护儿童健康和治理空气污染提出依据。方法根据北京环境监测的结果,选择污染程度和类型不同的A、B、C3个区。在每区选择3所小学,按照整群抽样的方法,选取1～5年级的5749名小学生进行呼吸系统健康问卷调查。结果在大气质量较好的A区,儿童各呼吸系统疾病和症状的发生率均小于污染严重的B、C区,差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。而在污染类型不同的B、C区,儿童各呼吸系统疾病和症状的发生率相当(P>0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析发现,咳嗽、感冒时咳嗽、咯痰、感冒时咯痰以及咳嗽、咯痰等症状在B、C区儿童发生的危险性高于A区儿童。居室附近有交通要道的儿童中各呼吸系统疾病和症状的发生率高于居室附近没有交通要道的儿童。结论学龄儿童中一些呼吸系统症状的增加与北京市城区大气污染有关。     

居室空气中挥发性有机物与氨的联合毒性

目的探讨居室装修后几种主要的挥发性有机物与氨的联合毒性。方法根据现场45间新装修居室检测所得甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、氨浓度的中位数换算成平均质量百分比,再用分析纯品配制成混合物。分别以3.93、8.47、18.24、39.35g/m3混合物剂量进行昆明种小鼠急性毒性实验,分别以高剂量:3.935g/m3、中剂量:1.970g/m3、低剂量:0.393g/m3进行昆明种小鼠亚急性毒性实验。结果混合物小鼠LC50为26.84g/m3。亚急性毒性实验中,雌性小鼠染毒各剂量组网织红细胞计数,中剂量组红细胞比积(HCT),雌、雄性小鼠高剂量组血清血小板计数(PLT)显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。雌性小鼠高剂量组血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)显著高于对照组。病理学检查发现混合物染毒各剂量组小鼠均可见心内膜下浅层不同程度脂肪变性,肺组织有不同程度淤血,随剂量增加,病变加重;高剂量组小鼠可见肝细胞轻度脂肪变性。结论该混合物对小鼠血液系统、肝脏、心脏以及肺脏有损害作用,雌性小鼠较为敏感,网织红细胞计数可以作为其机体毒性的敏感性损伤变化指标。     

怀化市某区不同人群艾滋病基本知识调查及分析

目的了解怀化市某区不同人群有关艾滋病的知识知晓及知识来源情况.方法抽取怀化市某区18岁以上不同人群进行无记名问卷调查.结果怀化市某区不同人群对艾滋病知识的掌握程度有差异.人们获得艾滋病相关信息的主要途径均为电视、报纸等大众媒体. 结论怀化市某区在实施健康教育的过程中要针对不同的人群采用不同的传播策略.     

疫苗相关麻痹型脊髓灰质炎对IPV疫苗选择的影响

摘要:在全球消除脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）的进程稳步推进的大背景下,随着口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗（Oral Polio Vaccine,OPV）的继续使用,疫苗相关麻痹型脊髓灰质炎（Vaccine-associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis,VAPP）越来越受到人们的关注,VAPP在国内外的发病情况不容忽视。WHO估计全球每年约有250～500例VAPP发生,国内的估算数字是76～161例,其中首剂次疫苗VAPP发生率较高。在疫苗选择上,灭活的脊髓灰质炎疫苗（IPV）最大的优点是能够避免VAPP的发生,但成本效益分析结果并不支持引入IPV。尽管如此,为了消除VAPP的危害,一些发达国家已率先使用IPV疫苗,同时一些发展中国家采用IPV/OPV序贯程序。因此,基于当前我国维持无脊灰的现状,VAPP所带来的公共卫生问题是决定选择IPV疫苗的重要因素,在可承担的价格空间上,IPV疫苗可作为首选疫苗推荐,也可先行引入IPV/OPV序贯程序。     

Introducing professional educators into academic medicine: stories of exemplars

This article describes an oral history project aimed at documenting the history and contributions of the innovation of hiring professional educators in medical schools to improve the education of medical students, residents, and fellows. Six professional educators who spent their careers in medical schools were chosen as Exemplars: Stephen Abrahamson, Ph.D.; Charles Dohner, Ph.D.; Arthur Elstein, Ph.D.; Hilliard Jason, M.D., Ph.D.; Christine McGuire, M.A.; and Frank Stritter, Ph.D. Pairs of senior professional educators currently working in medical schools interviewed the six Exemplars using a standardized protocol. Articles describing each Exemplar appear consecutively in this and subsequent issues of Advances in Health Professions Education. The series culminates with an article that presents the consensus conclusions of the series authors, based on the five study questions that guided the study and interview protocol. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

做好室间质评 提高检测水平

目的 通过参加室间质量评价活动,了解某科室的检测水平,找出存在的问题并加以改进,努力提高实验室的检测水平.方法 对某科室2007～2010年参加全国采供血机构和广西区血液监测中心血液检验室间质量评价结果做回顾性分析.结果 卫生部临床检验中心室间质量评价血型准确率100％,失分最多的是ALT,其次是抗-HIV、HBsAg和抗-HCV.广西区血液监测中心室间质量评价HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-TP、抗-HIV各有一次失分.结论 提高检测人员的检测水平,加强责任心,使用先进的检测仪器和质量好的试剂,才能在室间质评中取得优异成绩.     

北京市通州区地下水卫生学调查

目的：了解北京市通州区农村地下水水质卫生状况,为今后农村改水提供基础资料。方法：采用分层抽样方法监测北京市通州区各乡自备井水源水。结果：各乡水质卫生状况参差不齐,马桥乡的水质完全合格率为100％,而徐辛庄、郎府、甘棠3个乡的水质完全合格率为0。26项检验指标中超标项目有13项,主要超标项目为氨氮、浊度、总铁、锰。总硬度、砷、氟、亚硝酸盐的超标存在地区性差异。结论：北京市通州区农村地下水受到不同程度的污染,地下水水质呈现地区差异,急待改善。     

Arthur S. Elstein,Ph.D.: skeptic,scholar, teacher and mentor

Arthur S. Elstein, Ph.D. has said that he has been motivated to address two research questions throughout this career: How do physicians make decisions? and How can we help them make better ones? He has addressed these questions using the tools of a psychologist but the results of his research in medical cognition, medical reasoning, and judgement have had a lasting impact on medical education and how future physicians are prepared. Further, through teaching and mentoring, he has produced a second generation of medical education researchers and leaders; and perhaps most importantly, through his role modeling of skepticism and scholarship, he has taught what a professional educator must do to succeed in medical education. His distinguished thirty-eight year career was primarily at the Office of Medical Education Research and Development at Michigan State University's College of Human Medicine (1968-1994) and, after his retirement there, in the Department of Medical Education and the School of Public Health at the University of Illinois at Chicago. During his career he authored or edited four books, wrote 22 book chapters, published 99 articles, and made more than 900 presentations. He received many prestigious awards. This article gives an overview of Elstein's career and accomplishments and his perspectives on significant innovations in medical education, the role of professional medical educators, the major lessons he has learned during his career.     

甲醛消除灵消除甲醛效果的实验研究

目的：研究甲醛消除灵对室内空气和木质板材中甲醛的清除效果。方法：(1)室内空气中甲醛的清除试验：选择新装修的办公室2间,1间经甲醛消除灵处理,1间不作处理,比较2个房间的甲醛浓度。(2)木质板材中甲醛的清除试验：采木质板材,1份经甲醛消除灵处理,1份不作处理,同时检测其甲醛释放量。结果经甲醛消除灵处理24、48、72h的房间空气中甲醛的清除率分别为82．94％、91．43％、95．69％,处理72h室内空气甲醛浓度达到国家标准;木质板材经甲醛消除灵处理24、48、72h甲醛的清除率分别为84．71％、90．55％、90．96％,处理24h后木质板材甲醛释放量达到国家标准。结论：甲醛消除灵对室内空气和木质板材中的甲醛均具有明显的消除作用。     

Rescue of CD8+ T cell vaccine memory following sublethal γ irradiation

Sublethal γ irradiation eliminates CD8+ T cell mediated memory responses. In this work, we explored how these memory responses could be rescued in the aftermath of such exposure. We utilized two models of CD8+ T cell mediated immunity: a mouse model of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) infection in which CD8+ T cells specific for LM expressed antigens (Listeriolysin O, LLO) can be tracked, and a murine skin graft model in which CD8+ T cells mediate rejection across a MHC class I (D^d) disparity. In the LM immunized mice, LL0 specific CD8+ T memory cells were lost on irradiation, preserved with rapid revaccination with an attenuated strain 1–3 days post-irradiation (PI), and these mice survived a subsequent wild type LM challenge. A genetic “signature of rescue” identified a group of immune-associated mRNA maintained or upregulated following irradiation and rescue. A number of these factors, including IL-36γ, dectin-2 (Clec4n), and mir101c are upregulated rapidly after exposure of mice to sublethal γ radiation alone and are sustained by early, but not later rescue. Such factors will be evaluated as potential therapeutics to replace individual vaccines for global rescue of CD8+ T memory cell responses following sublethal γ irradiation. The skin allograft model mirrored that of the LM model in that the accelerated D^d skin allograft rejection response was lost in mice exposed to sublethal γ radiation, but infusion of allogeneic D^d expressing bone marrow cells 1–4 days PI preserved the CD8+ T memory mediated accelerated rejection response, further suggesting that innate immune responses may not always be essential to rescue of CD8+ memory T cells following γ irradiation.