肾上腺素联合血管升压素氨茶碱在心肺复苏时的疗效观察

目的：研究心肺复苏时联合应用肾上腺素、血管升压素、氨茶碱的疗效。方法：60例心脏骤停的患者随机分为两组，肾上腺素标准剂量组（对照组）30例，联合应用肾上腺素、血管升压素、氨茶碱（治疗组）30例，各组分别观察自主循环恢复率、存活率及自主循环恢复时间。结果：对照组、治疗组自主循环恢复率分别为20.8％、67.9％，存活率分别为8．3％、42．9％。存活率明显高于对照组。同时治疗组的自主循环恢复时间明显短于对照组。结论：L心肺复苏期间，联合应用肾上腺素、血管升压素、氨茶碱比单独应用标准剂量的肾上腺亲能显著提高自主循环恢复率和存活率，缩短自主循环恢复时间。     

肾上腺素联合血管升压素氨茶碱在心肺复苏时的应用研究

目的研究心肺复苏时联合应用肾上腺素、血管升压素、氨茶碱的疗效.方法52例心跳骤停的患者随机分为两组,肾上腺素标准剂量组(对照组)24例,联合应用肾上腺素、血管升压素、氨茶碱(治疗组)28例,各组分别观察自主循环恢复率、存活率及自主循环恢复时间.结果对照组、治疗组自主循环恢复率分别为20.8%、67.9%,存活率分别为8.3%、42.9%.存活率明显高于对照组.同时治疗组的自主循环恢复时间明显短于对照组.结论心肺复苏期间,联合应用肾上腺素、血管升压素、氨茶碱比单独应用标准剂量的肾上腺素能显著提高自主循环恢复率和存活率,缩短自主循环恢复时间.     

联合用药在心肺复苏中的应用研究

目的 探讨心肺复苏(CPR)中联用血管升压素、肾上腺素、氨茶碱及盐酸纳洛酮的临床效果.方法 将心搏骤停患者58例行CPR,随机分为两组.联用肾上腺素标准剂量组(对照组)27例;联用血管升压素、肾上腺素、氨茶碱及盐酸纳洛酮组(研究组)31例.各组分别观察自主循环和呼吸恢复率、24 h存活率及出院存活率、自主循环呼吸恢复时间.结果 与对照组比较,研究组自主循环、呼吸恢复率、24 h存活率及出院存活率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组自主循环呼吸恢复时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 CPR联用血管升压素、肾上腺素、氨茶碱及盐酸纳洛酮能显著提高自主循环呼吸恢复率、24 h存活率及出院存活率;缩短自主循环及呼吸恢复时间,是提高CPR成功率的较好方法.     

心肺复苏期间复苏药物联合应用的临床研究

目的:研究心肺复苏期间血管升压素与肾上腺素联合应用的复苏效果.方法:将符合入选标准的63例心脏停搏患者随机分为3组:大剂量肾上腺素组21例(A组),大剂量血管升压素组22例(B组),血管升压素+肾上腺素组20例(C组).分别观察3组自主循环恢复率、自主循环恢复时间、存活率.结果:A组、B组、C组自主循环恢复率分别为19.5%、36.4%、45.0%,C组高于A组、B组;C组存活率为30%,高于A组的4.8%、B组的13.6%;C组自主循环恢复时间短于A组、B组.结论:心肺复苏期间,联合应用血管升压素和肾上腺素比单独应用肾上腺素或血管升压素能显著提高自主循环恢复率和存活率,缩短自主循环恢复时间.     

院外心肺复苏中联用肾上腺素、氨茶碱和纳洛酮的疗效观察

目的 探讨肾上腺素、氨茶碱和纳洛酮联合应用在院外心肺复苏中的临床价值.方法 将63 例院外心脏骤停患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组30 例,采用标准剂量的肾上腺素1 mg 静推,以后每3 ～5 min 重复上述剂量;治疗组33 例,采用联合应用肾上腺素1 mg 静推,以后每3 ～5 min 重复上述剂量,加用氨茶碱,首次0.5 g 静推,以后0.25 g/次,3 ～5 min 重复一次(总量不超过1 g),纳洛酮2.0 mg 静推,每30 min 重复一次.观察两组在心电活动、自主循环、自主呼吸恢复情况以及存活率.结果 与对照组比较治疗组心电活动恢复时间、自主循环恢复时间、自主呼吸恢复时间短于对照组,恢复率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.05);治疗组24 h 存活率,出院存活率明显高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.05).结论 院外心肺复苏中联合应用肾上腺素、氨茶碱、纳洛酮有利于提高复苏成功率.     

心肺脑复苏时联合应用肾上腺素和纳洛酮

目的：评价心肺脑复苏时联合应用肾上腺素和纳洛酮的疗效。方法：回顾分析55例心跳骤停患者临床资料,各例均常规行心肺脑复苏。分为2组,研究组联合应用肾上腺素、纳洛酮,对照组仅予标准剂量肾上腺素治疗。结果：与对照组比较,研究组总有效率显著升高（P〈0.05）,自主呼吸循环恢复时间显著缩短（P〈0.05）。结论：联合应用肾上腺素、纳洛酮可提高心肺脑复苏成功率。     

延迟使用升压素与肾上腺素在窒息家兔心肺复苏中的疗效比较

目的 观察心肺复苏时延迟使用升压素或肾上腺素对自主循环恢复率的影响，比较两者对窒息性心跳停搏家兔心肺复苏的疗效。方法 62只家兔均在呼气末夹闭气管8min，造成窒息性心脏停搏模型后，开始人工胸外心脏按压及机械通气，期间不用任何药物，复苏5min内恢复自主循环的家兔定义为常规心肺复苏成功，对5min内复苏不成功者，再随机分为两组，分别给予升压素（0．8IU／kg）或肾上腺素（0．2mg／kg）静脉注射，并继续常规心肺复苏：结果 常规心肺复苏的自主循环恢复率为24．19％（15／62），加用升压素和肾上腺素后总的自主循环恢复率提高到48．39％（30／62）。其中升压素组23只家兔中2只复苏成功（8．70％），肾上腺素组24只家兔中13只复苏成功（54．16％），肾上腺素组复苏成功率明显高于升压素组（P=0．001）。结论 对窒息性心脏停搏的家兔心肺复苏时应用升压素或肾上腺素可提高自主循环恢复率。肾上腺素在提高窒息家兔冠脉灌注压及复苏成功率方面明显优于升压素。     

在心肺复苏中快速同步联用氨茶碱与肾上腺素的临床研究

[目的]探讨氨茶碱与肾上腺素快速同步联用在抢救心脏停搏病人心肺复苏中的应用效果及临床价值。[方法]将416例心脏停搏病人随机分为3组,即标准肾上腺素剂量组（SDE组）136例、大剂量肾上腺素组（HDE组）138例、氨茶碱与肾上腺素快速同步联用组（ADE组）142例。采用肘静脉通道应用肾上腺素和氨茶碱：SDE组采用1mg肾上腺素首次剂量、HDE组采用0．1mg／kg肾上腺素首次剂量、ADE组采用快速同步氨茶碱7mg／kg和肾上腺素1mg首次剂量静脉注射,若无效,每组均每间隔3min重复首次剂量快速静脉注射1次。同时监测心电图、平均动脉压、心率、自主循环恢复时间等,并进行复苏效果评价。[结果]ADE组和HDE组自主循环恢复率、24h存活率、存活出院率、格拉斯哥昏迷评分与SDE组比较均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;ADE组与HDE组比较,ADE组用肾上腺素平均用量明显较HDE组少,但自主循环恢复率、24h存活率、存活出院率明显升高（P〈0．05）。[结论]氨茶碱和肾上腺素快速同步联用在抢救心脏停搏病人CPR流程中能明显提高心肺复苏自主循环恢复率、提升存活率并且能显著缩短自主循环复苏时间,是提高心肺脑复苏成功率的新方法。     

在院前心肺复苏中血管加压素的临床研究

目的：研究血管加压素在院前心肺复苏（CPR）中的疗效。方法：在103例心脏骤停患者中随机分为3组，标准肾上腺素组（A组）38例，血管加压素组（B组）34例，肾上腺素＋血管加压素组（C组）31例，各组分别观察自主循环恢复率、24h存活率、出院存活率、脑复苏率、自主循环恢复时间及复苏后心肌酶变化。结果：B组（44％）、C组（42％）自主循环恢复率明显高于A组（16％），B组（38％）、C组（39％）24h存活率也明显高于A组（13％），C组出院存活率（23％）高于A组（8％）、B组（12％）；脑复苏率3组无差异；B组、C组自主循环恢复时间明显短于A组；复苏后心肌酶变化3组无差异。结论：在心肺复苏期间应用血管加压素比用肾上腺素可明显提高自主循环恢复率、24h存活率，缩短自主循环恢复时间，与肾上腺素联合应用还可提高出院存活率。     

纳洛酮联合肾上腺素用于心肺脑复苏效果观察

目的 探讨纳洛酮联合肾上腺素用于心肺脑复苏的临床效果.方法 68例突发心跳骤停患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,所有患者接诊后立刻行常规心肺脑复苏(CPCR)救治,治疗组给予肾上腺素及纳洛酮治疗,对照组仅予肾上腺素标准剂量治疗.抢救终止后评价复苏成功情况和临床疗效.结果 治疗组临床疗效总有效率为82.4％,高于对照组(52.9％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗组自主心律恢复率为47.1％、心肺脑复苏成功率为29.4％,均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 联合使用纳洛酮和肾上腺素能明显提高心肺脑复苏的成功率,值得临床推广应用.     

心肺复苏时联用垂体后叶素和肾上腺素的临床观察

目的：探讨心肺复苏（CPR）时联用肾上腺素、垂体后叶素的疗效。方法：58例心跳停搏的患者随机分为肾上腺素标准剂量组（对照组）28例和联合使用肾上腺素、垂体后叶素（治疗组）30例；分别观察自主循环恢复率及恢复时间，24h存活率及出院存活率。结果：对照组、治疗组自主循环恢复率分别为21%、63%，自主循环恢复时间分别为20.3±4.2min、8.2±2.2min；24h存活率分别为14%、40%；出院存活率分别为7%、30%。治疗组的自主循环恢复率、24h存活率、出院存活率明显高于对照组，治疗组的自主循环恢复时间明显短于对照组。结论：联合应用肾上腺素、垂体后叶素比单独使用标准剂量的肾上腺素能显著提高心跳骤停的自主循环恢复率、24h存活率、出院存活率，缩短自主循环恢复时间。     

心肺复苏时血管加压素的应用研究

目的　研究血管加压素在心肺复苏中的疗效。方法　４８ 例心跳停搏患者随机分为４ 组,肾上腺素标准剂量组（ Ａ 组）１１ 例,肾上腺素大剂量组（ Ｂ组）１２ 例,血管加压素组（ Ｃ 组）１２ 例,肾上腺素＋ 血管加压素组（ Ｄ组）１３ 例,各组分别观察自主循环恢复率、存活率、自主循环恢复时间。结果　 Ａ 组、 Ｂ 组、 Ｃ 组、 Ｄ 组自主循环恢复率分别为１８２ ％ 、５８３ ％ 、２５ ％ 、６９２ ％ , Ｂ 组、 Ｄ 组明显高于 Ａ 组、 Ｃ 组; Ｄ 组存活率（４６２ ％ ） 显著高于 Ａ 组（９１ ％ ） 、 Ｂ 组（１６７ ％ ） 、 Ｃ 组（１６７ ％ ） ; Ｂ 组、 Ｄ 组的自主循环恢复时间明显短于其他两组。结论　心肺复苏期间,联合应用血管加压素和肾上腺素比单独应用血管加压素、肾上腺素能显著提高自主循环恢复率和存活率,缩短自主循环恢复时间。     

血管加压素、肾上腺素联合纳洛酮在心肺复苏中的应用研究

目的：研究纳洛酮联合血管加压素、肾上腺素在心肺复苏中的疗效。方法：84例心跳骤停患者,随机分成3组：肾上腺素标准剂量组（A组）28例;血管加压素加肾上腺素组（B组）35例;血管加压素加肾上腺素加纳洛酮组（C组）21例,各组分别观察自主循环恢复率、自主呼吸恢复率、自主循环恢复时间、自主呼吸恢复时间、存活率。结果：3组自主循环恢复率C组、B组明显高于A组（P〈0．05）;3组自主呼吸恢复率C组、B组明显高于A组（P〈0．05）,C组自主呼吸恢复率高于B组（P〈0．05）;B组和c组自主循环恢复时间明显短于A组（P〈0．05）;B组和C组自主呼吸恢复时间明显短于A组（P〈0．05）,C组自主呼吸恢复时间短于B组（P〈0．05）;C组、B组存活率显著高于A组（P〈0．05）;C组自主循环恢复率、存活率高于B组,自主循环恢复时间短于B组,无统计学意义。结论：心肺复苏期间联合应用血管加压素、肾上腺素和纳洛酮比单独应用肾上腺素明显提高自主循环恢复率、自主呼吸恢复率和存活率,缩短自主循环恢复时间及自主呼吸恢复时间,比应用血管加压素和肾上腺素明显缩短自主呼吸恢复时间,提高自主呼吸恢复率。     

Aminophylline in undifferentiated out-of-hospital asystolic cardiac arrest.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To determine if the introduction of intravenous aminophylline, a nonspecific adenosine receptor antagonist, into the resuscitation algorithm of asystole will increase return of spontaneous circulation when used in undifferentiated prehospital cardiac arrest. METHODS: An urban, prehospital, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of nonpregnant normothermic adults suffering nontraumatic out-of-hospital asystolic cardiac arrest. Subjects were treated in accordance with published advanced cardiac life support guidelines and standard pharmacotherapy. They were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or aminophylline along with the initial boluses of atropine and epinephrine. Cardiac rhythms and carotid pulses were monitored throughout the resuscitation. RESULTS: Eighty-two patients were entered into the trial. Forty-five patients were assigned to the placebo group and 37 received aminophylline. Nine of 45 controls (20%; 95% CI 10-35%) achieved return of spontaneous circulation compared to ten of 37 (27%; 95% CI 14-44%) in the aminophylline group. CONCLUSIONS: We were not able to show a statistically significant improvement in return of spontaneous circulation when aminophylline was given during the early resuscitation phase of undifferentiated asystolic cardiac arrest in the prehospital setting with this sample size.     

Vasopressin improves vital organ blood flow after prolonged cardiac arrest with postcountershock pulseless electrical activity in pigs

OBJECTIVE: Although a benefit of vasopressin when compared with epinephrine was shown during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after a short duration of ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest, the effect of vasopressin during prolonged cardiac arrest with pulseless electrical activity is currently unknown. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized laboratory investigation using an established porcine model with instrumentation for measurement of hemodynamic variables, vital organ blood flow, blood gases, and return of spontaneous circulation. SETTING: University hospital laboratory. SUBJECTS: Eighteen domestic pigs. INTERVENTIONS: After 15 mins of cardiac arrest and 3 mins of chest compressions, 18 animals were randomly treated with either 0.8 units/kg vasopressin (n = 9) or 200 microg/kg epinephrine (n = 9). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Compared with epinephrine, vasopressin resulted, at both 90 secs and 5 mins after drug administration, in significantly higher (p < .05) median (25th-75th percentiles) left ventricular myocardial blood flow (120 [range, 96-193] vs. 54 [range, 11-92] and 56 [range, 41-80] vs. 21 [range, 11-40] mL/min/100 g, respectively) and total cerebral blood flow (85 [78-102] vs. 24 [18-41] and 50 [44-52] vs. 8 [5-23] mL/min/100 g, respectively). Spontaneous circulation was restored in eight of nine animals in the vasopressin group and in one of nine animals in the epinephrine group (p = .003). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with a maximum dose of epinephrine, vasopressin significantly increased left ventricular myocardial and total cerebral blood flow during CPR and return of spontaneous circulation in a porcine model of prolonged cardiac arrest with postcountershock pulseless electrical activity.     

Comparison of epinephrine and vasopressin in a pediatric porcine model of asphyxial cardiac arrest

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to compare the effects of vasopressin vs. epinephrine vs. the combination of epinephrine with vasopressin on vital organ blood flow and return of spontaneous circulation in a pediatric porcine model of asphyxial arrest. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized laboratory investigation using an established porcine model for measurement of hemodynamic variables, organ blood flow, blood gases, and return of spontaneous circulation. SETTING: University hospital laboratory. SUBJECTS: Eighteen piglets weighing 8-11 kg. INTERVENTIONS: Asphyxial cardiac arrest was induced by clamping the endotracheal tube. After 8 mins of cardiac arrest and 8 mins of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a bolus dose of either 0.8 units/kg vasopressin (n = 6), 200 microg/kg epinephrine (n = 6), or a combination of 45 microg/kg epinephrine with 0.8 units/kg vasopressin (n = 6) was administered in a randomized manner. Defibrillation was attempted 6 mins after drug administration. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mean +/- SEM coronary perfusion pressure, before and 2 mins after drug administration, was 13 +/- 2 and 23 +/- 6 mm Hg in the vasopressin group; 14 +/- 2 and 31 +/- 4 mm Hg in the epinephrine group; and 13 +/- 1 and 33 +/- 6 mm Hg in the epinephrine-vasopressin group, respectively (p = NS). At the same time points, mean +/- SEM left ventricular myocardial blood flow was 44 +/- 31 and 44 +/- 25 mL x min-(1) x 100 g(-1) in the vasopressin group; 30 +/- 18 and 233 +/- 61 mL x min(-1) x 100 g(-1) in the epinephrine group; and 36 +/- 10 and 142 +/- 57 mL x min(-1) x 100 g(-1) in the epinephrine-vasopressin group (p < .01 epinephrine vs. vasopressin; p < .02 epinephrine-vasopressin vs. vasopressin). Total cerebral blood flow trended toward higher values after epinephrine-vasopressin (60 +/- 19 mL x min(-1) x 100 g(-1)) than after vasopressin (36 +/- 17 mL x min(-1) x 100 g(-1)) or epinephrine alone (31 +/- 7 mL x min(-1) x 100 g(-1); p = .07, respectively). One of six vasopressin, six of six epinephrine, and four of six epinephrine-vasopressin-treated animals had return of spontaneous circulation (p < .01, vasopressin vs. epinephrine). CONCLUSIONS: Administration of epinephrine, either alone or in combination with vasopressin, significantly improved left ventricular myocardial blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Return of spontaneous circulation was significantly more likely in epinephrine-treated pigs than in animals resuscitated with vasopressin alone.     

心肺复苏中单用肾上腺素或联合血管加压素治疗的Meta分析

目的 在心搏骤停实施心肺复苏过程中,联合应用血管紧张素和肾上腺素的效果是否优于单用肾上腺素目前尚无统一的结论,本研究拟针对现有临床资料进行荟萃分析.方法 在NED-LINE及EMBASE数据库中检索关于比较成人心肺复苏时单用肾上腺素或联合应用血管紧张素的所有临床研究,首要观察指标为复苏后自主循环恢复率(ROSC).结果 在检索到的485篇文章中,6篇为随机对照临床研究.荟萃分析结果显示,除复苏后24 h生存率联合用药优于单用肾上腺素(OR值为2.99,95%CI 1.43～6.28)外,其余各项指标比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 荟萃分析中仅有包含122例患者的24 h生存率组联合用药优于单用肾上腺素,因此尚不支持复苏中应用血管加压素联合肾上腺素.