气压弹道碎石和汽化电切治疗前列腺增生并膀胱结石体会

目的探讨前列腺增生并膀胱结石的有效治疗方法。方法采用经尿道输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石和汽化电切治疗前列腺增生并膀胱结石共10例。结果手术时间60～120min,术后7～9d拔管,排尿通惕,无TURS,大出血,膀胱穿孔等并发症。结论输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石和汽化电切是治疗前列腺增生并膀胱结石的一种安全有效的方法。     

经尿道同期治疗前列腺增生合并膀胱结石——附31例报告

目的 总结经尿道气化电切术、经尿道等离子体双极电切术结合弹道碎石治疗前列腺增生合并膀胱结石的疗效.方法 采用经尿道气化电切术、经尿道等离子体双极电切术结合弹道碎石治疗前列腺增生合并膀胱结石31例患者。结果 所有患者均1次治疗成功，无膀胱穿孔等并发症，术后随访3个月，排尿功能恢复正常。结论 经尿道气化电切术、经尿道等离子体双极电切术结合弹道碎石治疗前列腺增生合并膀胱结石是一种安全高效的治疗方法。     

经尿道输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术和前列腺电切术同期治疗前列腺增生症并膀胱结石

目的 探讨经尿道输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术和前列腺电切术同期治疗前列腺增生症并膀胱结石的效果。方法 对63例前列腺增生症并膀胱结石患者，先置入膀胱镜鞘，建立“通道”，行输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术，清除膀胱结石后同期行前列腺电切术。结果 63例患者均手术成功。无膀胱穿孔、水中毒、再出血、尿失禁等并发症，拔尿管后均排尿顺畅。2～3个月后复查，无结石残留。结论 膀胱镜鞘建立“通道”，采用经尿道输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术和前列腺电切术同期治疗前列腺增生症并膀胱结石是一种创伤小、安全、疗效肯定的微创手术方法，值得推广。【关键词】前列腺增生症 膀胱结石 经尿道前列腺电切术 气压弹道碎石术     

气压弹道及超声碎石+经尿道前列腺汽化电切术治疗前列腺增生合并膀胱结石(附54例报告)

目的 探讨气压弹道及超声碎石+TUVP治疗前列腺增生合并膀胱结石的手术方法.方法 2005年10月～2008年2月,采用气压弹道及超声碎石+TUVP治疗前列腺增生合并膀胱结石54例.结果 53例患者1次碎石、清石成功,并顺利进行了前列腺汽化电切,1例膀胱憩室结石碎石术中出现膀胱破裂,改行开放手术.结论 气压弹道及超声碎石+TUVP治疗前列腺增生合并膀胱结石是一种微创、有效的方法.     

前列腺增生症并膀胱结石的微创治疗

目的 探讨同期腔内治疗前列腺增生(BPH)并发膀胱结石的微创、有效治疗方法.方法 采用经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)联合肾镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗前列腺增生症并发膀胱结石患者67例.结果 67例患者均顺利一次性将结石取尽并成功行TURP.无膀胱穿孔,无严重感染、TUR综合征等并发症发生.术后住院5～10 d.结论 TURP联合肾镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗前列腺增生并发膀胱结石,创伤小,恢复快,安全高效,是目前治疗BPH并发膀胱结石的理想方法.     

前列腺增生合并膀胱结石的微创治疗

目的探讨前列腺增生（BPH）并膀胱结石的有效治疗方法。方法采用经尿道膀胱镜下气压弹道碎石和等离子体双极电切治疗58例BPH并膀胱结石。结果手术时间60—170min，平均95min，术后3—5d拔尿管，排尿通畅。无前列腺电切综合征、大出血、膀胱穿孔等并发症。病理结果均为良性前列腺增生。术后随诊3个月IPSS评分由术前平均24．5分降至8分，平均最大尿流率由术前6ml／s上升至15．4ml／s。结论该方法是同期处理良性前列腺增生合并膀胱结石的安全有效的治疗方法，具有出血少、创伤小、并发症少、康复快、住院时间短的特点。     

气压弹道碎石联合超脉冲等离子体双极腔内剜除法治疗前列腺增生症并膀胱结石(附48例报道)

目的 探讨前列腺增生并膀胱结石的有效治疗方法.方法 回顾分析该院2006年1月～2010年6月采用经皮肾镜通过前列腺电切内鞘气压弹道碎石联合等离子体双极腔内剜除法治疗的48例良性前列腺增生症(BPH)并膀胱结石患者临床资料.结果 手术时间40～180min,平均71.3min;术中出血量30～200mL,平均78.4mL.未发生电切综合征和膀胱穿孔等并发症.术后留置导尿管3～8d,平均住院时间8.1 d.全部患者随访3～56个月,国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)由(23.6±4.3)分下降至(7.2±2.3)分,生活质量评分(QOL)由(4.2±1.1)分下降至(2.6±0.8)分,剩余尿量(RU)由(78.5±33.3)mL减少至(28.1±17.8)mL,最大尿流率(Q<,max>)由(7.6±3.0)mL/s上升至(24.0±4.2)mL/s,手术前后各参数比较,差异有显著性,P<0.05.结论 经皮肾镜通过前列腺电切内鞘气压弹道碎石联合等离子体双极腔内剜除法是一种治疗BPH并膀胱结石微创且有效的治疗方法.     

前列腺增生合并膀胱大结石的腔镜下联合微创治疗

目的 探讨经尿道气压弹道/超声碎石清石术联合等离子体电切术微创治疗前列腺增生合并膀胱大结石的方法、疗效.方法 采用瑞士EMS第3代气压弹道/超声碎石清石系统和经尿道前列腺等离子体电切术(PKRP)治疗前列腺增生合并膀胱大结石患者27例.结果 27例均1次手术成功,碎石时间40～65min,平均55min;前列腺等离子体电切时间50～110min,平均85min.术中术后均无输血,无电切综合征、膀胱穿孔、结石残留等并发症.术后6d拔除尿管,无排尿困难、永久性尿失禁等.病理结果均为良性前列腺增生.术后3个月,最大尿流率由(5.4±1.5)mL/s升至(18.6±3.2)mL/s.结论 经尿道气压弹道/超声碎石清石术联合等离子体电切术能有效地治疗良性前列腺增生合并膀胱大结石.     

经电切镜鞘肾镜下气压弹道联合超声碎石治疗膀胱结石20例分析

目的探讨经电切镜鞘肾镜下气压弹道联合超声碎石治疗膀胱结石的有效方法。方法经尿道插入电切镜后,保留外鞘置入F20肾镜,采用瑞士第三代气压弹道联合超声碎石清石系统治疗膀胱结石20例。13例前列腺增生同时行前列腺等离子电切术。结果 20例均顺利一次性将结石取尽。术中、术后无大出血、膀胱穿孔和水中毒等并发症。术后随访3个月,未见结石复发,无尿道狭窄。结论电切镜外鞘气压弹道联合超声碎石是治疗膀胱结石的安全、有效方法。     

前列腺增生合并输尿管及膀胱结石的同期腔内处理

目的 控讨气压弹道碎石+前列腺电切同期处理膀胱、输尿管结石合并前列腺增生的临床疗效.方法 该组治疗前列腺增生合并泌尿系结石患者76例,首先采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石或膀胱结石,膀胱结石碎石时采用电切镜外鞘内置入输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石取石.随后行前列腺电汽化术.结果 无死亡及中转开放手术病例,54例膀胱结石及19例输尿管结石患者均碎石并成功取石,3例输尿管中段结石上移肾盂.国际前列腺症状评分由术前(26.2±3.8)分降为(8.5±0.8)分(P<0.01),残余尿手术前后分别为(46.4±11.2)、(15.9±8.6)mL(P<0.01).术后随访3～24个月,2例出现前尿道狭窄,余患者排尿通畅满意,无严重并发症发生.结论 腔内处理泌尿系结石合并前列腺增生创伤小、安全高效、并发症少,是治疗前列腺增生并泌尿系结石理想方法.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.