经皮椎间孔镜椎间盘切除术治疗青年腰椎间盘突出症

目的评价经皮椎间孔镜腰椎间盘切除术(PELD)治疗经保守治疗无效的青年腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果。方法 10例经保守治疗无效的青年腰椎间盘突出症患者,经椎间盘造影证实12个椎间盘后方纤维环均撕裂,行PELD治疗。比较术前、术后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和术前、末次随访时Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI),按改良Macnab标准评价临床疗效。结果手术时间30~60(42±15.5)min。住院时间5~7(5.6±0.7)d。10例均获随访,时间12~20(15.4±3.3)个月。术中未发生脑脊液漏、脊髓神经损伤。VAS术前为6~9(7.5±0.8)分,术后为0~3(1.4±0.8)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。ODI术前为40.0%~82.9%(74.6%±13.1%),末次随访时为8.6%~14.3%(12.0%±3.2%),差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。根据改良Macnab标准:优2例,良7例,可1例。结论 PELD治疗经保守治疗无效的青年腰椎间盘突出症患者具有创伤小、恢复快、住院时间短等特点,疗效较好。     

经皮椎间孔镜下微创治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨经皮椎间孔镜下微创治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法 2012-10-2013-12对150例腰椎间盘突出症患者进行经皮椎间孔镜下微创治疗。疗效评定依据视觉模拟量表(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS),功能障碍指数(Oswestry Disability Index,ODI)和Macnab腰腿痛评定标准。结果随访3~18个月,平均6个月。下肢神经痛VAS评分术前(5.6±1.1)分,术后1周(2.0±0.5)分,术后3个月(0.7±0.3)分,手术前后结果差异有统计学意义(P0.05);ODI评分术前(63.5±13.3)分,术后1周(20.4±5.4)分,术后3月(15.1±3.6)分,手术前后结果差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Macnab腰腿痛评定标准结果为优109例,良27例,可12例,差2例,优良率90.7%。结论经皮椎间孔镜下微创治疗腰椎间盘突出症对脊柱稳定性破坏小,近期效果优良,是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的优选术式。     

经皮椎间孔镜椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症近期疗效观察

目的：评价经皮椎间孔镜腰椎间盘切除术（percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy,PELD）治疗经保守治疗无效的腰椎间盘突出症的近期临床效果。方法：2008年11月至2009年7月,收治43例（70个退变间盘）经保守治疗无效的腰椎间盘突出症患者。其中男29例,女14例;年龄18～82岁,平均44.79岁;病程3～15个月,平均7.7个月。突出节段：L3.,44个,L4,536个,L5S130个。椎间盘退变分级：Ⅲ级42个,Ⅳ级28个。经椎间盘造影、透视证实椎间盘后方纤维环均撕裂,行PELD治疗。于术前、术后行疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）,术前、术后末次随访时行Oswestry功能障碍指数（oswestry disability index,ODI）评定,按改良Macnab标准评价临床疗效。结果：手术时间1～2.5h,平均1.4h;术后住院时间5～8d,平均5.7d。43例均获随访,时间4～9个月,平均6个月。术中发生脑脊膜破裂1例（未发生脑脊液漏）;术后当天出现一过性神经麻痹4例,未行特殊处理,末次随访时症状消失。术前VAS评分为（7.91±1.23）分,术后为（2.09±1.31）分;术前ODI指数为（74.22±16.61）%,末次随访为（17.88±8.20）%,术后VAS评分、末次随访ODI指数与术前比较均有统计学差异（P〈0.01）。根据改良Macnab标准：优27例,良13例,可2例,差1例。结论：PELD安全有效,可用于治疗经保守治疗无效的腰椎间盘突出症患者。     

经皮椎间孔镜下椎间盘摘除术治疗高位腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效

目的探讨经皮椎间孔镜下椎间盘摘除术(percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy,PELD)治疗高位腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法对自2016年6月～2019年1月于本院诊治的16例高位腰椎间盘突出症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。其中男性7例,女性9例,年龄23-85岁,平均53.7岁,随访时间12-20个月,突出节段:L_(1-2)2例,L_(2-3)6例,L_(3-4)8例;评估指标包括术前、术后疼痛以及末次随访时的视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)。结果手术时间18-115 min,平均66.2 min;术前VAS评分为(6.06±0.93)分,术后改善至(1.69±0.60)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术前ODI指数为(53.19±6.17)%,术后改善至(23.0±3.18)%,手术前后差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经皮椎间孔镜下椎间盘摘除术治疗高位腰椎间盘突出症具有出血少、创伤小、恢复快的优点,临床疗效满意。     

椎板间入路椎间孔镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症的中期临床疗效

目的观察椎板间入路经皮椎间孔镜技术(percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy,PTED)治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者的中期临床疗效。方法选择单节段椎间盘突出症患者94例,行椎板间经皮椎间孔镜下椎间盘髓核摘除手术,应用疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(oswestry disability index,ODI)及改良Macnab标准评价其临床疗效。结果 80例患者获得随访,平均随访时间为(25.4±6.3)个月(22~34个月)。术前、术后3 d、3个月及最后一次随访时的VAS评分分别为(7.5±1.2)分、(1.8±0.4)分、(0.5±0.05)分、(0.3±0.03)分,术前术后相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术前、术后3 d、3个月及最后一次随访时的ODI指数分别为(70.4±15.1)%、(21.2±5.4)%、(17.2±4.8)%、(7.3±2.1)%,术前术后相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。根据改良Macnab标准评价疗效:优58例,良16例,可4例,差2例。结论椎板间入路椎间孔镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症的中期疗效可靠。     

经皮椎间孔镜微创技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的 探讨经皮椎间孔镜微创技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效. 方法 2011年3月至2012年3月,收治经保守治疗无效的腰椎间盘突出症78例患者.突出节段:L3～L4 8例,L4～L5 46例,L5～S1 24例.术前、术后测量患侧直腿抬高角度,行疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS),术前、术后末次随访时行Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评定,按改良Macnab标准评价临床疗效. 结果 术后患者腰腿痛症状即刻缓解,患侧下肢直腿抬高试验即刻转阴.78例均获2周～12个月随访,无硬膜破裂、神经根损伤等并发症发生;术后当天出现一过性神经麻痹2例,对症等处理后,症状逐渐消失.术前患侧直腿抬高角度为(29.41±3.53)°,术后为(68.21±5.73)°;术前VAS评分为(8.01±1.13)分,术后为(2.68±1.52)分;术前ODI指数为(77.35±17.45)％,末次随访为(19.08±8.53)％,术后直腿抬高角度改变、VAS评分、末次随访ODI指数与术前比较均有差异统计学意义(P＜0.01).根据改良Macnab标准:优66例,良6例,可5例,差1例. 结论 经皮椎间孔镜微创技术具有切口小、出血少、创伤小和术后恢复快等优势,治疗腰椎间盘突出症安全有效.     

后路椎间盘镜治疗中央型腰椎间盘突出症的临床分析

目的 探讨后路椎间盘镜微创术(MED)治疗中央型腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果和意义.方法 应用MED治疗中央型腰椎间盘突出症共45例,根据Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI,Oswestry Disability Index)和Macnab腰椎评价标准,评估腰椎术前功能状况和术后功能恢复情况,术后全部病例得到随访.结果 ODI评分:术前36.6±1.2,术后9.2±0.9;术后随访时间:1～45个月,平均12个月,随访平均Oswestry功能评分9.6±0.8.Macnab评分结果:优23例(51.1%),良17例(37.8%),可4例(8.9%),差1例(2.2%),优良率占88.9%.结论 MED术微创治疗中央型腰椎间盘突出症临床效果良好,拓展了中央型椎问盘突出症的治疗思路和方法.     

椎间盘镜下B-Twin椎间植骨融合术治疗高位腰椎间盘突出症

目的 探讨椎间盘镜下减压B-Twin椎间植骨融合术治疗高位腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效.方法 自2008-01-2010-05收治高位腰椎间盘突出症32例,均为单节段病变,L1.2例,L2,3 8例,L3、4 20例.均行后路椎间盘镜下B-Twin椎间植骨融合术.结果 31例获得随访,随访时间13～36个月,平均26.7个月.术后腰腿疼痛症状均明显缓解或消失,VAS评分术前平均为(8.5±1.2)分,末次随访平均为(0.5±0.4)分;ODI术前平均(79±4)％,末次随访为(15±4)％,术后各时间点与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);椎间隙高度术前平均为(8.95±1.4)mm,术后12个月平均为(12.2±0.7)mm.31例椎间植骨均获得融合,融合时间为4.1～6.1个月,平均4.9个月.结论 椎间盘镜下B-Twin椎间植骨融合术治疗高位腰椎间盘突出症具有创伤小、临床疗效可靠的优点.     

经椎间孔入路经皮内窥镜下腰椎椎间盘切除术治疗高位腰椎椎间盘突出症

目的探讨经椎间孔入路经皮内窥镜下腰椎椎间盘切除术(PETD)治疗高位腰椎椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年8月—2014年5月本院采用PETD治疗的24例高位腰椎椎间盘突出症患者临床资料。记录手术时间、术中出血量、住院天数,术前及术后12个月腰腿疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分及Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI),采用Macnab标准评价临床疗效。结果所有患者手术顺利完成。手术时间60~100 min,平均74.6 min;手术出血量15~40 m L,平均24.0 m L;住院天数3~7 d,平均4.3 d;随访时间14~36个月,平均21.1个月。术前腰痛VAS评分为(6.88±1.33)分,术后12个月为(1.96±0.91)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);术前腿痛VAS评分为(7.67±1.27)分,术后12个月为(1.83±0.76)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。术前ODI值为(68.8±8.4)%,术后12个月为(20.4±5.6)%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。根据Macnab标准,术后12个月随访时优16例、良5例、可2例,差1例,优良率为87.5%。结论 PETD治疗高位腰椎椎间盘突出症能够取得较为满意的疗效,是治疗高位腰椎椎间盘突出症的有效方法。     

经椎间孔腰椎间融合术在高位腰椎间盘突出症手术治疗中的应用

[目的] 探讨经椎间孔腰椎间融合术(transforminal lumbar interbody fusion, TLIF)治疗高位腰椎间盘突出症的手术疗效.[方法] 2002年1月～2006年12月采用TLIF技术治疗且获得12～24个月(平均15个月)随访的高位腰椎间盘突出症患者45例.男29例,女16例;年龄30～55岁,平均39.2岁.T12L1突出11个间隙,L1、2突出25个间隙,L2、3突出18个间隙,其中双间隙突出9例.所有患者均采用经椎间孔椎间盘切除、钛网植入、植骨融合+后路钉棒系统内固定术.对手术疗效进行回顾性分析.[结果] 出现并发症5例次,经对症处理后好转.术后2～3 d配戴腰围下床活动.平均随访15个月,Oswestry 评分从术前(52.32 ±9.17)分改善至(20.33 ±5.72)分.并获得较好的植骨融合,相邻节段无明显退变.[结论] TLIF技术是治疗高位腰椎间盘突出症的有效方法,并可获得较满意的临床疗效.     

腰椎不稳和腰椎滑脱的相关问题

<正>腰椎不稳或腰椎滑脱是导致腰腿痛的常见病因之一。然而在临床上,有关不稳和滑脱的界定、两者之间的关系、影像学诊断、治疗方案的合理选择、滑脱的复位等     

Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis and lumbar spine configuration

As life expectancy increases, degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) becomes a common health problem among the elderly. DLSS is usually caused by degenerative changes in bony and/or soft tissue elements. The poor correlation between radiological manifestations and the clinical picture emphasizes the fact that more studies are required to determine the natural course of this syndrome. Our aim was to reveal the association between lower lumbar spine configuration and DLSS. Two groups were studied: the first included 67 individuals with DLSS (mean age 66 ± 10) and the second 100 individuals (mean age 63.4 ± 13) without DLSS-related symptoms. Both groups underwent CT images (Philips Brilliance 64) and the following measurements were performed: a cross-section area of the dural sac, vertebral body dimensions (height, length and width), AP diameter of the bony spinal canal, lumbar lordosis and sacral slope angles. All measurements were taken at L3 to S1. Vertebral body lengths were significantly greater in the DLSS group at all levels compared to the control, whereas anterior vertebral body heights (L3, L4, L5) and middle vertebral heights (L3, L5) were significantly smaller in the LSS group. Lumbar lordosis, sacral slope and bony spinal canal were significantly smaller in the DLSS compared to the control. We conclude that the size and shape of vertebral bodies and canals significantly differed between the study groups. A tentative model is suggested to explain the association between these characteristics and the development of degenerative spinal stenosis.     

Posterior lumbar interbody fusion and segmental lumbar lordosis

Introduction

The sagittal plane of body produces a convex curve anteriorly referred to as the lordotic curve. Malalignment of lordotic curve leads to low back disorders and lumbar spinal surgery has been known to cause this. This study was a retrospective analysis of the effects of posterior lumbar interbody fusion using cages on segmental lumbar lordosis.

Materials and methods

We conducted a retrospective study involving 27 patients of which 16 were females and 11 were males. All patients underwent single level posterior lumbar interbody fusion with insertion of non-wedged intervertebral cage and pedicle screw fixation. Intraoperatively, all patients had a change from knee chest position to prone to augment their lumbar lordosis. The minimum follow up was 2 years and fusion was achieved in 21 patients.

Results

Segmental lordotic angles increased from 15.2° to 20.6° at L4/5 level and from 17.8° to 24.5° at L5/S1 level, preoperative to postoperative, respectively (P < 0.01 at both levels).

Conclusion

Thus apparently, posterior lumbar interbody fusion with insertion of non-wedged intervertebral cage and pedicle screw fixation results in creation and maintenance of lumbar lordosis.     

经皮全脊柱内镜技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

[目的]研究经皮全脊柱内镜技术(percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy,PELD)治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效及安全性。[方法]回顾性研究2013年1月~2015年1月连续接受手术治疗的153例单节段伴有单侧神经根性症状的腰椎间盘突出症患者,其中68例行经皮全脊柱内镜下腰椎间盘髓核摘除术(内镜组),85例行开放腰椎间盘髓核摘除术(开放组)。采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS评分)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、Mac Nab评分评定疗效。[结果]所有患者均完成手术,内镜组有1例出现神经根损伤。其他患者未发生神经、血管损伤等严重并发症。内镜组手术时间大于开放组,术中出血量、切口长度小于开放组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后3 d和末次随访时腰痛VAS评分内镜组显著小于开放组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),术后3 d腿痛VAS评分内镜组小于开放组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),末次随访时两组腿痛VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。内镜组末次随访时ODI指数小于开放组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组疗效优良率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后腰痛、腿痛VAS评分显著小于术前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),内镜组术后3 d和末次随访时腰痛、腿痛VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。开放组术后3 d和末次随访时腰痛VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),末次随访时腿痛VAS评分小于术后3 d,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]经皮全脊柱内镜下腰椎间盘髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症安全有效,创伤小,恢复快,是开放腰椎间盘髓核摘除术很好的替代技术。     

经椎间孔入路与经后方入路椎间融合术治疗退变性腰椎失稳症的疗效比较

目的回顾性研究经后方入路椎体间融合术（posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF）和切除上、下关节突的经椎间孔入路椎体间融合术（transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,TLIF）治疗腰椎失稳症的疗效及并发症情况。方法采用PLIF和TLIF治疗2004年1月至2008年1月本院收治的退变性腰椎失稳症患者78例,其中PLIF31例,TLIF47例。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、平均卧床时间、Nakai评分优良率、融合时间（按Suk标准）及术后并发症发生率。对两组术前及末次随访时的椎间隙高度及椎间孔高度进行对比研究。结果 78例患者均获随访,随访时间1.5～4.5年,平均3.5年。所有患者均获椎间骨性融合。对两组卧床时间、Nakai评分优良率、融合时间、同时间点椎间隙高度和椎间孔高度进行比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;而在手术时间、出血量以及术后并发症发生率方面,两组之间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组末次随访时的椎间隙高度和椎间孔高度均较术前有明显改善（P〈0.05）。结论 TLIF和PLIF治疗退变性腰椎失稳症效果良好;与PLIF相比,TLIF操作简单,出血量小,并发症少。     

腰椎滑脱和腰椎不稳的诊断和治疗

<正>腰椎滑脱症和腰椎不稳是目前临床上最为常见的腰椎疾患。在同一个病例中,两种病变经常同时存在,但两种病变的概念是有区别的,腰椎滑脱应是一种静态概     

Percutaneous lumbar discectomy in the treatment of lumbar discitis

Lumbar disc infection, either after surgical discectomy or caused by haematogenous spread from other infection sources, is a severe complication. Specific antibiotic treatment has to be started as soon as possible to obtain satisfactory results in conservative treatment or operative fusion. The aim of this study was to analyse 16 cases of lumbar disc infection, treated with percutaneous lumbar discectomy (PLD) to obtain adequate amounts of tissue for histological examination and microbial culture. Between 1990 and 1994, 26 patients with vertebral osteomyelitis were treated. Sixteen patients, with an average age of 41.4 years (range 14–59 years), underwent a diagnostic PLD. Eight of them showed only moderate changes on computed tomograms (CT scans) and magnetic resonance (MR) images in the initial stages of the disease. The other eight showed more or less extensive osteolytic lesions of one or both vertebral bodies adjacent to the involved disc. The histology results showed non-specific discitis in nine patients and tuberculosis in one. In two patients an open biopsy had been performed, which showed non-specific discitis. Microbiological analysis revealed specific infection in 45% of the patients. These patients received a specific antibiotic treatment after antibiogram for an average of 33 days. Only three patients were treated surgically, with evacuation of the disc space and interbody fusion; the whole group received a spondylitis brace. All patients obtained satisfactory clinical results at the last follow-up regarding pain, mobility and spontaneous fusion of the involved disc space. In conclusion, PLD is a very helpful minimally invasive procedure in conservative treatment of lumbar discitis.     

腰椎滑脱与腰椎不稳的诊疗

<正>腰椎滑脱和腰椎不稳虽然为临床中的常见疾病,但目前对其诊断和治疗仍存在诸多问题需要理清、界定和探讨,当然存在的争议问题也不是本文浅谈片语能够解决的。立足目前许多专家学者对腰椎滑脱和腰椎不稳的观点阐述[1-7],笔者仅对腰椎滑脱和腰椎不稳典型的几个问题梳理如下。1腰椎滑脱和腰椎不稳的诊断脊椎滑脱的英文名称为spondylolysis,其字根来源于希腊语,spondylo(椎体)和listhesis(滑移)。两个     

经椎间孔椎体间植骨治疗下腰椎爆裂性骨折

目的 探讨在下腰椎爆裂性骨折中应用单一后路经椎间孔椎体间植骨融合术重建椎体前中柱的有效性.方法 2009年1月～2011 年6月,采用单一后路切开复位椎弓根内固定经椎间孔椎体间植骨融合术治疗下腰椎爆裂性骨折19例.分别评价术前、术后、末次随访时的影像学指标变化,及术前与术后末次随访时神经功能变化.结果 19例患者平均随访15.6 个月.所有患者术后未发生切口感染、神经功能损伤及内固定器松动断裂等并发症.末次随访时18例患者证实椎间融合,19例患者术前平均伤椎高度为正常椎体高度的（40.62±12.32）%,术后恢复至（96.52±10.62）%,末次随访时为（95.43%9.54）%.腰椎前凸角术前32.2°±5.1°,术后38.4°±5.2°,末次随访时为38.4°±7.2°.末次随访时伴有神经功能障碍的患者均有1级以上的恢复.结论 下腰椎爆裂性骨折行后路椎弓根螺钉内固定经椎间孔椎体间植骨融合术,能完成短节段三柱固定,同时修复了前柱及矫正脊柱后凸,取得满意的骨性融合率.     

后路腰椎椎体间融合术治疗腰椎滑脱的临床疗效

目的：探讨后路腰椎椎体间融合术（posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF）治疗腰椎滑脱的中期疗效,对腰椎滑脱症的临床治疗提供指导意见。方法回顾性分析采用PLIF治疗的腰椎滑脱40例,所有病例随访观察＞3年,对手术前后影像学资料、Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）、视觉模拟量表（visual analog scale ,VAS）评分及日本骨科学会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association ,JOA）腰背痛手术治疗评分标准的评分变化情况进行比较分析。结果椎间隙高度、椎间孔高度术后1年、3年与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;术后1年与术后3年测量值比较差异不具有统计学意义（P＞0．05）。 ODI、腰痛VAS评分、腿痛VAS评分及JOA评分术前和术后1年、3年比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;术后1年与术后3年比较差异不具有统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论 PLIF手术能够恢复腰椎序列稳定性,改善临床症状,是治疗腰椎滑脱的理想术式,中期随访疗效满意。