法舒地尔对大鼠离体心脏缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的观察盐酸法舒地尔对大鼠离体心脏缺血/再灌注（I/R）损伤是否有保护作用。方法SD大鼠19只,随机分为3组:I/R组、I/R+F组和对照组。用改良的Langendorff灌流装置,用K-H液行主动脉逆行灌流,建立大鼠离体心脏I/R损伤实验模型。I/R组预灌流20 min,停灌45 min,再灌30 min;I/R+F组于再灌注时在灌流液中加入盐酸法舒地尔注射液（10 mg/kg）;对照组连续灌流95 min。连续记录左心室收缩功能曲线,收集冠脉流出液,检测冠脉流出液中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）、肌红蛋白（Mb）漏出量以及心肌细胞内钙、心肌组织一氧化氮（NO）含量和髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活力。结果心肌缺血使冠脉流出量减少,LDH、CK、Mb增加,再灌注后冠脉流出量进一步减少,LDH、CK、Mb进一步增加,同时增加细胞内钙,增加MPO活力,减少NO生成。盐酸法舒地尔逆转再灌注后冠脉流出量减少和LDH、CK和Mb漏出增加,降低细胞内钙、MPO活力,逆转NO生成减少。I/R使左室发展峰压平均值、平均±dp/dtmax均下降,盐酸法舒地尔对左室发展峰压的改变无明显影响,但改善±dp/dtmax降低。结论盐酸法舒地尔对心肌I/R损伤有保护作用,增强I/R引起的"无复流"现象和心肌收缩能力降低的恢复,此作用与逆转NO生成减少、MPO活性增高和细胞内钙超载等因素有关。     

减阻剂减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血/再灌注损伤的作用

目的 应用减阻剂聚氧化乙烯（polyethylene oxide,PEO）减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血/再灌注（I/R）损伤的作用。方法 Wistar大鼠50只随机分为5组,制备Langendorff离体心脏I/R模型,分为对照组、I/R组、缺血-低剂量PEO再灌注组（低剂量组）、缺血-中剂量PEO再灌注组（中剂量组）、缺血-高剂量PEO再灌注组（高剂量组）。通过多导生理记录仪记录灌注心脏的左心室最大收缩压峰值（LVPSP）、左室舒张末压峰值（LVEDP）、左室内压等容相最大上升及下降速率（+dp/dtmax,-dp/dtmax）、心率、冠脉流量。检测冠脉流出液的乳酸脱氢酶（lactate dehydrogenase,LDH）的含量。结果 再灌注30 min及60 min后,中剂量及高剂量的PEO对I/R心肌的LVPSP、LVEDP、+dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax均有明显改善作用（P<0.05）。中剂量及高剂量PEO在维持离体心脏的心率方面优于低剂量组和I/R组（P<0.05）,冠脉流出液的容积增加（P<0.05）。应用中剂量及高剂量的PEO灌注后,冠脉流出液中LDH含量明显下降（P<0.05）。结论 PEO作为减阻剂,减低Langendorff离体心脏I/R系统的流体阻力,改善离体心脏的收缩及舒张功能,增加冠脉流出液量,减少心肌细胞损伤,抑制心肌细胞凋亡,对心肌I/R损伤的治疗提供新的研究思路。     

丙酮酸对缺血/再灌注大鼠心肌的保护作用

目的:探讨丙酮酸(Pyr)对缺血/再灌注(I/R)大鼠心肌的影响及其可能的机制。方法:30只SD成年大鼠随机分为假手术(Sham)组、I/R组及I/R+Pyr组,每组10只。I/R+Pyr组大鼠于再灌前5 min,开始持续性静脉灌注Pyr 2 h[25 mg/(kg·h)]。再灌注2 h后,利用多道生理记录仪检测大鼠在体血流动力学指标:平均动脉压(MABP)、左室收缩压(LVSP)及左室最大收缩、舒张末压微分(±LV dP/dt max)。采用Western blot方法检测磷酸化-JNK(p-JNK)和总的JNK(t-JNK)表达。用原位缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)评价心肌细胞的凋亡。结果:I/R组的MABP、LVSP、±LV dP/dt max显著低于Sham组(P0.01),Pyr干预可增加I/R后MABP、LVSP及±LV dP/dt max的水平(P0.05)。与Sham组相比,I/R组大鼠左心室p-JNK的水平明显增高(P0.01);而Pyr可降低大鼠左心室p-JNK的水平(P0.01),并抑制心肌细胞凋亡(P0.05)。结论:Pyr可改善I/R大鼠心肌的功能,抑制心肌细胞凋亡,其机制可能与抑制JNK信号的激活有关。     

熊果酸对糖尿病大鼠心脏缺血再灌注损伤的作用及机制

目的探讨熊果酸(UA)对糖尿病大鼠心脏缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤的作用及潜在机制。方法通过腹腔注射链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病大鼠模型。2 w后糖尿病大鼠随机均分为假手术组(Sham组)、心脏I/R损伤组和UA低、中、高剂量组。通过结扎冠状动脉左前降支构建心脏I/R损伤模型。测定各组大鼠乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、心肌梗死面积、心脏收缩和舒张功能、磷脂酰肌醇激酶(PI3K)、蛋白激酶B(AKT)、磷酸化AKT(p-AKT)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-6,IL-1β和Bcl-2、Bax的表达和凋亡情况。结果与Sham组相比,I/R损伤组心肌梗死面积明显增加,CK、AST、LDH、p-AKT、PI3K、IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、Bax表达及凋亡明显上调,而心脏收缩和舒张功能明显降低,Bcl-2表达明显减少。与I/R损伤组相比,UA各剂量组心肌梗死面积明减少,CK、AST、LDH、p-AKT、PI3K、IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、Bax的表达及凋亡明显下调,而心脏收缩和舒张功能明显增强,Bcl-2表达明显增加;三组之间AKT表达无差异。结论 UA预处理可通过减轻炎症和下调凋亡减轻糖尿病大鼠心脏I/R损伤,其作用机制与抑制AKT/PI3K信号通路激活相关。     

芍药苷预处理对大鼠离体缺血再灌注损伤心脏的保护作用

目的 观察芍药苷预处理对大鼠离体缺血再灌注损伤心脏的保护作用,探讨其可能机制.方法 建立Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型.随机将SD雄性大鼠分为6组,即空白对照(Con)组、单纯缺血再灌注(I/R)组、缺血预处理(IPC)组、不同浓度(15 mg/L,30 mg/L,60 mg/L)芍药苷预处理组(PF1PF3组).Chart5软件分析缺血前,再灌注后20 min、40 min心功能参数,包括:左心室收缩压(LVSP)、左心室内压变化最大速率(dp/dtmax)、心率(HR)、冠脉流出量(CF);收集灌注末心脏标本,制备心肌匀浆,检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)值;电镜观察再灌注末心肌细胞超微结构并拍照.结果 IPC、PF预处理组在心功能恢复及心肌酶指标活力方面均优于I/R组(P<0.01);心肌超微结构损伤减轻.结论 芍药苷预处理对大鼠离体心脏能产生保护作用.     

小肠缺血预处理对大鼠心脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的：观察小肠缺血预处理对大鼠心脏缺血再灌注损伤的作用。方法：采用大鼠肠系膜动脉缺血预处理的方法，观察对离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响。结果：缺血预处理能明显减轻心脏缺血再灌注损伤的程度，表现为乳酸脱氢酶及组织蛋白酶D漏出减少，心肌水肿程度减轻，丙二醛生成减少（P均＜0．01）。结论：小肠缺血预处理对心脏缺血再灌注损伤具有一定保护作用，表明器官间存有交叉预处理现象。     

供者服舒降之,受体大鼠心脏缺血/再灌注损伤和慢性排异减轻

<正>背景缺血/再灌注损伤对移植心脏事件有长期或短期的不良影响,其机制可使微循环功能不良,累积而致移植心脏失效或慢性排异。方法及结果大鼠移植心脏的缺血/再灌注损伤造成了严重的微循环功能不良。在取出心脏前2 h,供心者口服一剂量     

缺血后处理对大鼠移植心脏心肌缺血再灌注损伤不同时相的保护作用

目的探讨缺血后处理对大鼠移植心脏心肌缺血再灌注损伤不同时相的保护作用。方法建立近交系Lewis大鼠颈部异位心脏移植左心做功模型,受体大鼠存活2d后,随机分为3组:缺血再灌注组:结扎移植心脏冠状动脉左前降支30 min后再灌注3h、6h、12h、24h、2d、4d及7d,每个时相点8只受体鼠;缺血后处理组:移植心脏缺血30 min,在再灌注前1 min给予再通10秒,阻断10秒,连续3个循环。每个时相点8只受体鼠;假手术组:穿线做套环,但不收紧结扎线。分别比较再灌注结束后大鼠血清肌酸激酶同工酶MB(CK-MB)值、移植心脏心肌细胞凋亡指数和梗死范围。结果在再灌注时间3h、6h、12h、24h、2d、4d 6个时相点,缺血再灌注组与缺血后处理组血清CK-MB均值对应比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05),均明显高于假手术组CK-MB值(P均0.05)。再灌注6h时,缺血后处理组CKMB峰值较缺血再灌注组明显降低[(34.73±8.83)U/L vs.(52.58±10.05)U/L,P0.01]。在再灌注时间3h、6h、12h、24h、2d、4d、7d 7个时相点,缺血后处理组心肌细胞凋亡指数及心肌梗死范围均低于缺血再灌注组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05),心肌细胞凋亡指数均高于假手术组(P均0.05)。结论缺血后处理在大鼠移植心脏心肌缺血再灌注3h~7d内能降低血清CK-MB峰值,减少心肌细胞凋亡和心肌梗死范围。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ及受体与心脏缺血再灌注损伤

肾素－血管紧张素系统（ＲＡＳ）不仅存在于循环中，而且存在于许多组织如肾、脑、心血管中，并通过自分泌（ａｕｔｏｃｒｉｎｅ）和旁分泌（ｐａｒａｃｒｉｎｅ）发挥作用［１］。ＲＡＳ通过血管紧张素（Ａｎｇ）与血管紧张素受体结合产生生物学效应。目前已鉴别出数种Ａ...     

黄芪注射液对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨黄芪对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌的保护作用及机制。方法SD大鼠30只随机分为3组,非缺血灌注组(C组):正常灌注80min;缺血再灌注组(I/R组):灌流20min后,停灌30min,再灌30min;黄芪-缺血再灌注(H I/R组):K-H液中加入黄芪注射液(10mg/L),灌流20min后,开始停灌30min,再灌含有黄芪的K-H液30min。观察黄芪对大鼠全心缺血-再灌注心功能、肌酸激酶(CK)、心肌丙二醛(MDA)的影响。结果①心功能:H I/R组较I/R组显著改善缺血再灌注心肌的心功能;②心肌酶谱:C组在整个灌流过程中CK含量很低,I/R组在30min复灌后有大量的CK漏出,CK值高于C组(P<0.01),H I/R组冠状动脉流出液中CK为(1.20±0.02)IU/(gwt·min),I/R组为(2.32±0.06)IU/(gwt·min);③MDA:黄芪灌注后心肌组织中MDA明显下降。结论黄芪通过抑制氧自由基的产生、改善心肌舒张功能而发挥拮抗心肌再灌注损伤作用。     

缺血后适应对老龄大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的：研究缺血后适应能否减轻老龄大鼠急性心肌缺血再灌注损伤,比较缺血后适应的心脏保护作用在成年和老龄大鼠之间有无差别。方法32只雄性F344大鼠分为成年（6～8月龄）和老龄（20～22月龄）组,每组再分为缺血再灌注（I/R）组（缺血30min,再灌注2h,8只）和缺血后适应（IPost）组（缺血30min,给予4轮10s再通/10s缺血后再灌注2h,8只）,监测平均动脉压（MAP）、心率收缩压乘积（RPP）等血流动力学参数和心电图,测定心肌梗死面积,再灌注2h后检测血清肌酸激酶（CK）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）浓度。结果再灌注2h时,成年IPost组MAP和RPP均高于I/R组（P＜0.05）,而老龄IPost组与I/R组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。再灌注初30min内,成年IPost组和I/R组心律失常评分分别为1分和3.5分,两者间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;老龄IPost组和I/R组心律失常评分分别为2分和3分,两者间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。成年和老龄IPost组心肌梗死面积较I/R组分别减少52%和44%（均P＜0.05）。成年和老龄IPost组CK和LDH浓度较I/R组均有明显降低（P＜0.05）。结论缺血后适应能缩小老龄大鼠心肌梗死面积、减少心肌酶释放,且其程度与成年大鼠相似;同时缺血后适应能改善成年大鼠心肌顿抑、减少再灌注心律失常,但此作用在老龄大鼠未观察到。     

老年大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的缺血后处理保护

目的:评价老年大鼠急性心肌缺血再灌注后的损伤以及缺血后处理的保护作用,并比较与成年大鼠之间的区别.方法:成年及老年雄性SD大鼠,左侧开胸,建立心肌缺血/再灌注模型.实验共分为6组,成年及老年大鼠各3组(n=8/成年组,n=6/老年组):成年大鼠缺血再灌注组(I/Radult)及老年大鼠缺血再灌注组(I/Raged);成...     

Cardioprotective and antiarrhythmic effect of U50,488H in ischemia/reperfusion rat heart

The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of U50,488H, a selective κ-opioid receptor agonist, in the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rat and to delineate the underlying mechanism. Rat heart I/R injury was induced by occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery for 45 min and restoring perfusion for 120 min. U50,488H or vehicle was intravenously injected before ischemia. Electrocardiogram, heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (ABP), left ventricular pressure (LVP), systolic function (+dp/dt _max), and diastolic function (−dp/dt _max) were monitored in the course of the experiment. Myocardial infarction size was evaluated. Plasma concentrations of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured. Single rat ventricular myocyte was obtained by enzymatic dissociation method. The potassium currents (I _K) of isolated ventricular myocytes were recorded with the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. Compared with the sham control group, no significant change was found in HR, while ABP, LVP and ±dp/dt _max were significantly reduced in the I/R group. Administration of U50,488H significantly lowered HR in both control and I/R groups. Compared with the vehicle-treated I/R group, administration of U50,488H had no significant effect on I/R-induced reduction in ABP, LVP, and ±dp/dt _max. However, this treatment significantly reduced the myocardial infarction size, and markedly decreased the contents of plasma cTnT, CK and LDH. During ischemia and reperfusion, the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia in U50,488H-treated rats was significantly reduced. These effects were independent of the bradycardia induced by U50,488H, as the reducing infarct size and antiarrhythmic effect of U50,488H were still observed in animals in which heart rate was kept constant by electrical pacing. U50,488H and BRL-52537 still produced an antiarrhythmic effect when the rat heart was subjected to a shorter ischemic period of 10 min occlusion of coronary artery, which produced no infarction. I _K of the myocytes were inhibited by U50,488H in a dose-dependent manner in normal and hypoxic rat ventricular myocytes. However, the effects of U50,488H on I _K did not show any significant difference in normal and hypoxic myocytes. The above-described effects of U50,488H were totally blocked by nor-Binaltorphimine, a selective κ-opioid receptor antagonist. The results suggest that κ-opioid agonist U50,488H exerts its direct cardioprotective and antiarrhythmic effects against I/R via κ-opioid receptor, which participates in the regulation of potassium channels in normal and hypoxic ventricular myocytes. The first two authors contributed equally to this project.     

Cardioprotective effect of aprotinin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury during cardiopulmonary bypass.

BACKGROUND: Aprotinin is a serine protease inhibitor used extensively in cardiac operations to reduce postoperative bleeding. It also has cardioprotective effects in ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this study, the effects of aprotinin on the release of cardiac markers were evaluated in patients who had good ventricular function and were undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighty male patients with an ejection fraction >or=40%, were randomized into either an aprotinin (Group-I; n=40) or control (Group-II; n=40) group. Patients in the aprotinin group received the full Hammersmith doses of aprotinin (2 x 10(6) KIU pre-CPB, 2 x 10(6) KIU at pump prime, 500,000 KIU/h during CPB), whereas the patients in the control group received only saline solutions. Cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) levels were measured before surgery, immediately after surgery, and at postoperative 6(th), 12(th), 24(th) h and 5(th) day. Creatine kinase (CK)-MB measurements were performed at the same time except for the postoperative 5(th) day. Cardiac index (CI), mixed venous oxygen saturation and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) measurements were also performed. CONCLUSION: Although all patients were in reasonable condition, less myocardial enzyme leakage occurred on the aprotinin group, suggesting that aprotinin has a protective effect on the myocardium beyond that achieved with blood cardioplegia and systemic hypothermia. Because of aprotinin's effects on multiple targets of metabolism, its protective value might increase in more complicated cases.     

血管紧张素ⅡAT1受体拮抗剂对大鼠全心缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ AT1受体拮抗剂(Losartan)对大鼠全心缺血—再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制。方法 采用Langendorff离体全心灌流装置，研究Losartan对大鼠全心缺血—再灌注心律失常，CPK，LDH，MDA，SOD，Ang Ⅱ的影响。结果 Losartan减少再灌注期心律失常的发生，加快再灌注期高度房室传导阻滞的恢复，缺血期：CPK及LDH I/R组较对照组明显增加，Losartan组较I/R组显著降低。再灌注期：CPK及LDH I／R组较对照组明显增加，Losartan组较I／R组明显降低。心肌组织MDA，Ang Ⅱ的含量I／R组明显高于对照组，SOD的含量两组比较无显著性差异。心肌组织MDA含量，Losartan组明显低于I／R组而Ang Ⅱ增高，SOD含量两组比较亦无显著性差异。结论 Losartan具有拮抗离体大鼠全心缺血—再灌注损伤的作用，是通过抑制Ang Ⅱ与ATl受体结合，抑制氧自由基的产生而发挥拮抗I／R作用。     

异氟烷预处理对离体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的:采用Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型,研究异氟烷预处理对离体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法:24只SD大鼠随机分为4组,每组6只,分别为缺血再灌注损伤组(IR组)、异氟烷预处理1组(IsoP 1组)、异氟烷预处理2组(IsoP 2组)和异氟烷预处理3组(IsoP 3组)。监测复灌后心功能恢复情况、冠脉流出液中磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氨酶(LDH)的释放量和心肌存活面积的变化。结果:复灌期间3组IsoP心脏各对应时间点的LVEDP均显著低于对照组(P<0.05~<0.01);再灌注30 min时IsoP各组LVDP的恢复均高于IR组(P<0.05),IsoP3组±dp／dtmax在再灌注30 min时的恢复百分比均高于IR组(P<0.05),IsoP1组+dp／dt max高于IR组(P<0.05);复灌后异氟烷预处理组各时间点的CK、LDH释放量均低于IR组(P<0.01);IsoP2组、IsoP1组和IsoP3组心肌存活面积百分比均高于IR组(P<0.01);预处理各组之间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:IsoP对大鼠离体缺血再灌注心肌有保护作用,可以显著减轻心肌细胞的损伤,改善心功能,增加心肌存活面积。     

Effect of endothelin and endothelin-antiserum on ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts]

Reperfusion of isolated perfused rat hearts with 10(-9) mol/L endothelin (ET) significantly exacerbated the ischemia/reperfusion injury(I/R), in contrast, reperfusion with specific ET-antiserum dramatically alleviated myocardial I/R injury. The results suggest that ET may be an important factor, which contributes to the pathogenesis of myocardial I/R injury.     

Protective effects of hydrogen peroxide against ischemia/reperfusion injury in perfused rat hearts.

Among the several mechanisms proposed for ischemic preconditioning (IPC), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is reported to be involved in the cardioprotective effects of IPC. The present study was designed to investigate whether repetitive exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) can protect the myocardium against subsequent ischemia/reperfusion injury, and whether the H(2)O(2)-induced cardioprotection is related to the preservation of energy metabolism. Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were exposed to two, 5 min episodes of IPC or to various concentrations of H(2)O(2) twice and then to 35 min global ischemia and 40 min reperfusion. Using (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance ((31)P-NMR) spectroscopy, cardiac phosphocreatine (PCr) and ATP and intracellular pH (pH(i)) were monitored. IPC and the treatment with 2 micromol/L H(2)O(2) significantly improved the post-ischemic recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and the PCr and ATP compared with those of the control ischemia/reperfusion (LVDP: 36.9 +/-7.4% of baseline in control hearts, 84.0+/-3.5% in IPC, 65.4+/-3.8% in H(2)O(2); PCr: 51.1+/-5.3% in control hearts, 81.4+/-5.5% in IPC, 81.7+/-5.2% in H(2)O(2); ATP: 12.3+/-1.6% in control hearts; 30.0+/-2.8% in IPC, 28.6+/-2.3% in H(2)O(2), mean +/- SE, p<0.05). However, lower (0.5 micromol/L) or higher (10 micromol/L) concentration of H(2)O (2) had no effect. There were significant linear correlations between mean LVDP and high-energy metabolites after 40 min reperfusion in H(2)O(2)-treated hearts. In IPC-treated hearts, the mean LVDP was greater than that in the 2 micromol/L H(2)O(2)-treated hearts under similar levels of high-energy metabolites. IPC also ameliorated intracellular acidification (6.38+/-0.03 in control hearts, 6.65+/-0.04 in IPC, p<0.05), but treatment with H(2)O(2) did not affect pH(i) during ischemia (6.40+/-0.05 in H(2)O(2)). In conclusion, H(2)O(2) had protective effects against ischemia/reperfusion injury and the effects were related to the preservation of energy metabolism. IPC could have additional protective mechanisms that are associated with the amelioration of intracellular acidosis during ischemia.     

Selective modulation of endogenous nitric oxide formation in ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in ischemia/reperfusion injury is controversial. We tested the role of inducible NOS (iNOS) in the ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts using the selective iNOS inhibitor S-methylisothiourea sulfate (SMT) and the non-selective NOS inhibitor N^G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). After 15 min of stabilization in Langendorff mode, hearts were perfused either with normal Krebs-Henseleit buffer, buffer containing 100 μM L-NAME, 0.5 μM SMT or 50 μM SMT for 5 min and were subjected to 25 min of ischemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and total coronary flow (CF) were recorded continuously. After ischemia/reperfusion, a marked expression of iNOS protein was demonstrated by Western blotting, while virtually no iNOS protein was present in hearts without ischemia/reperfusion. Regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) was measured with colored microspheres. Coronary vasoactive concentration of L-NAME and SMT depressed myocardial function as shown by decreased LVDP, dP/dt_max and coronary .ow before ischemia. After ischemia the recovery of the total CF was impaired in L-NAME and 50 μM SMT pretreated hearts which was related to homogenous RMBF decrease in the right and left ventricle compared to that in control group. Low concentration SMT (0.5 μM) showed no coronary vasoactive effects before ischemia and attenuated ischemia/reperfusion injury indicated by lower ischemic contracture at 25 min of ischemia and reduced CK and LDH release during reperfusion. Thus, NOS inhibition did not affect blood flow distribution in rat hearts either in the pre-ischemic or reperfusion period. Selective iNOS inhibition reduced ischemic injury by reducing ischemic contracture and CK as well as LDH release during reperfusion. Received: 20 March 2002, Returned for 1. revision: 8 April 2002, 1. Revision received: 14 August 2002, Returned for 2. revision: 5 September 2002, 2. Revision received: 3 February 2003, Accepted: 18 February 2003, Published online: 16 April 2003