不同皮瓣修复在外鼻缺损修复中的应用

目的 比较不同皮瓣对外鼻不同亚单位缺损修复的效果,总结外鼻不同亚单位缺损的最佳皮瓣修复方式。方法 选择2015年8月~2019年1月我科在外鼻皮肤肿瘤切除后进行双叶瓣、鼻唇沟瓣、风筝瓣、耳郭复合组织瓣、菱形皮瓣、Rieger皮瓣修复的病例,比较不同皮瓣修复的优缺点以及修复效果。结果 不同皮瓣在外鼻不同亚单位缺损修复中各有优缺点:双叶瓣适合修复鼻尖或鼻翼小而浅的缺损,风筝瓣适合修复周围组织松弛度高的鼻翼或鼻背缺损,鼻唇沟瓣适合修复鼻翼近鼻唇沟处的小缺损,耳郭复合组织瓣适合修复具有软骨缺损的鼻翼缺损,菱形皮瓣适合修复鼻背或鼻根处周围组织松弛的皮肤缺损,Rieger皮瓣适合鼻尖或鼻背处稍大的皮肤缺损。 结论 对于外鼻不同亚单位的缺损,需选取合适的皮瓣修复,才能在根治肿瘤的基础上获得满意的外形效果。     

外鼻缺损修复重建方法的临床进展

鼻位于面正中突出位置。外鼻缺损修复手术需要同时对其外形和功能进行修复和重建,是一个富有挑战性的临床难题之一。在外鼻缺损修复重建时要遵循亚单位修复和分层重建等原则,同时也要结合鼻缺损实际情况和术者的临床经验选择合适的治疗方法。目前有很多手术方法应用于鼻修复,但是每种方法都有其适应证和优缺点,本文介绍了外鼻缺损常用的手术方法及其注意事项。     

风筝皮瓣修复眼睑黄色瘤切除后的眼睑前层缺损

目的 探讨风筝皮瓣在修复眼睑黄色瘤切除后所致的眼睑前层缺损中的应用.方法 黄色瘤切除后,于缺损颞侧皮肤松弛部位沿皮纹方向设计风筝皮瓣,按设计线切开皮肤,在眼轮匝肌下剥离形成以眼轮匝肌为皮下蒂的风筝皮瓣,推进至皮肤缺损区,用5-0尼龙线缝合切口.自2005年以来共应用16例,20只眼,年龄34～68岁,缺损面积为5mm×10mm～10mm×22mm.结果 皮瓣全部成活,切口Ⅰ期愈合,随访时间3个月至3年,眼睑外形双侧对称,切口瘢痕不明显.结论 对于眼睑较大黄色瘤切除后直接缝合会导致眼睑畸形的眼睑前层缺损,用风筝皮瓣进行修复简单易行,效果可靠.皮瓣转移后局部平整,无须去除多余皮肤组织,手术后恢复时间短,具有取材方便、便于推广等优点.     

《外鼻缺损修复重建方法的研究进展》点评

外鼻缺损修复重建是整形外科富有挑战性的临床难题之一。由于外鼻缺损的位置、范围和层次不同,虽然需要修复或再造的方法也多种多样,但是在修复重建必须要遵循亚单位和分层重建等原则,这样方能获得良好的临床效果。外鼻既是一个美学器官,也是一个功能性器官,故在手术修复过程中时刻要兼顾外形和鼻通气功能,这就要求我们在修复过程中结合外鼻缺损实际情况,制订个性化的治疗方案。本文从临床实践出发对《外鼻缺损修复重建方法的临床进展》进行点评。     

先天性眼睑缺损修复术

目的：探讨利用皮肤旋转滑行皮瓣及异体巩膜分层修复先天性巨大眼睑缺损的效果。方法：设计分层修复巨大眼睑缺损的方法，采用局部转移结膜瓣修复睑结膜面，利用异体巩膜代替睑板，皮肤层面采用缺损区延长切口及鼻侧旋转滑行皮瓣修复，达到一期修复全层眼睑缺损的目的。结果：6例先天眼睑缺损再造术，术后随访6月以上，外观满意，睑裂闭合良好，眼睑瞬目功能正常，角膜透明。结论：皮肤及结膜旋转滑行瓣及异体巩膜代替睑板是一期修复先天性巨大眼睑缺损的简便有效方法。     

颞区水平皮瓣修复瘢痕性下睑外翻的临床观察

目的探讨外眦角颞侧水平带蒂皮瓣在下睑瘢痕性外翻修复中的应用。方法对11例（11只眼）伴有皮肤组织缺损的下睑外翻患者实施该手术,其中3只眼为局部疖肿溃破后皮肤瘢痕挛缩,2只眼为铝水烫伤后,6只眼为皮肤挫裂伤后。年龄15～58岁。局麻下手术,根据下睑皮肤缺损范围,在颞区设计一以肌肉组织为蒂的水平向皮瓣。皮瓣穿过供、受区之间的皮下隧道后缝合于缺损区。结果术后第2天,有1只眼皮瓣的鼻侧端微紫,1周后色泽日趋正常。术后随访3～6个月,11只眼下睑皮瓣色泽良好,与周围组织差异小,无外翻发生。颞区伤口瘢痕细而淡。结论颞区水平皮瓣在伴有皮肤组织缺损的瘢痕性下睑外翻修复中疗效良好,供区水平伤口愈合佳,瘢痕小。但供皮量受颞区皮肤松弛程度的限制,且应严格控制皮瓣长度,避免因血供不足造成组织坏死,因而更适合于下睑颞侧半皮肤缺损的修复。     

风筝皮瓣及旋转皮瓣在修复眉眼前层缺损中的应用

目的：探讨风筝皮瓣及旋转皮瓣在眼外伤或良性肿物切除术后造成眉眼前层缺损的疗效，评价其预后、修复效果以及美学评分改变。方法：收集2018年5月至2020年5月34例眉/眼外伤或因良性肿物行手术切除患者，其眉眼前层缺损最大直径不超过眼长度1/2，根据创面缺损位置、范围，设计沿皮纹方向的缺损邻接部位局部风筝皮瓣及旋转皮瓣，推进滑行局部转移皮瓣向缺损区移位一期修复缺损。随访6个月观察术后皮瓣愈合情况、缺损的修复效果、并发症、患者满意度，比较手术前后美学评分。结果：所有皮瓣全部成活，切口均为I期甲级愈合，局部皮瓣的皮肤色泽、厚薄、毛发情况、质地以及眉毛走行分布与未手术侧基本一致，皮瓣创周器官组织形态无明显改变，皮瓣上眉毛生长良好，手术切口隐蔽在肌肤纹路处、瘢痕增生不鲜明，所有患者无需再次手术。缺损部无臃肿，双侧连续性以及对称性良好，无眉眼变形、倒睫、睑内外翻、上睑下垂等出现，眉/眼组织形态美观、功能良好。患者对手术效果比较满意。患者术后1 d及1、3、6个月的美学评分分别为(73.50±7.79)、(76.97±6.84)、(82.21±6.11)和(87.06±6.07)分，均高于术前的(50...     

转移皮瓣修复眼眶组织巨大缺损

目的:观察几种不同类型转移皮瓣修复眼眶组织巨大缺损的临床效果,探讨眼眶组织巨大缺损的修复技巧。方法:回顾性分析16例被恶性肿瘤广泛破坏眼睑、眶周皮肤、眶内球旁组织及眼球的患者。行控制性或扩大切除肿瘤后,利用眶周健康组织形成转移皮瓣进行修复缺损区,供皮处缺损区取上臂内侧或腹部全厚游离皮片修复。观察术后6mo皮瓣存活情况,分析与皮瓣存活有关的术式及皮瓣类型。结果:患者16例中接受控制性切除肿瘤的患者12例12眼,扩大切除肿瘤者4例4眼;缺损区采用额部或额顶部轴型皮瓣修复10例10眼,皮下蒂皮瓣4例4眼,反转皮瓣2例2眼;术后接受放射治疗12例12眼,未接受放射治疗4例4眼,随访至术后6mo,所有皮瓣均存活。结论:转移皮瓣是修复眼眶组织巨大缺损的安全、有效方法。     

复合组织移行瓣在眼睑缺损整复中的应用

目的采用复合组织移行瓣做上、下睑再造手术,对上、下眼睑缺损进行修复,评价其在功能修复与外观美容等方面的作用。方法对10例眼睑缺损患者行复合组织移行瓣再造手术,在距上睑或下睑缘3～4mm处平行于睑缘全层切开,分离形成一皮瓣,分别上移行或下移行修复缺损处,如皮肤缺损较大,可再加游离植皮进行修复。术后随访时间为3~38个月,观察其修复形态和闭启程度。结果10例患者术后眼睑缺损部位均得到满意修复,皮瓣及皮片成活,色泽良好,活动自如。结论该手术可有效满足上或下睑部分全层缺损的修复,做到一期手术,一期愈合,达到功能与外观的完满结合。     

采用180°旋转皮瓣修复眼睑肿物切除术后眼睑皮肤缺损的临床研究

目的　探讨采用180°旋转皮瓣修复眼睑肿物切除术后眼睑皮肤缺损的安全性和有效性。方法　回顾性分析29例38眼采用180°旋转皮瓣修复眼睑肿物切除术后造成的眼睑皮肤缺损患者。术中按照标记线切除肿物后,在肿物一侧或两侧标记松弛的上睑或下睑皮肤量,按照重睑或眼袋延长线切开皮肤,在靠近皮肤缺损区的上方或下方留5 mm左右宽的蒂,分离皮瓣,并带有少量的眼轮匝肌,然后将皮瓣旋转180°,修剪皮瓣后间断缝合,再连续缝合供皮区皮肤切口。术后加压包扎48 h。对术后外观和皮瓣的存活情况进行连续性观察。结果　所有180°旋转皮瓣均在眼睑缺损区良好存活,不需要打包加压,而且皮瓣收缩量低,术后手术瘢痕相对隐蔽。2眼皮瓣在术后早期出现皮瓣尖端发黑;多数皮瓣蒂部早期存在轻度猫耳现象,术后3个月猫耳逐渐平复,除1眼术后6个月因上睑皮肤松弛和猫耳现象而行上睑成形术外,其余患者均无需二次手术。结论　180°旋转皮瓣手术操作相对简单,可避免发生眼睑外翻、变形等并发症,是眼睑前层缺损修复的备选方法。     

The transnasal advancement flap: A technique for medial canthal area defects

AIM . To illustrate an alternative technique for reconstructing defects in the medial canthal area following tumour removal. MATERIALS AND METHODS . Eight consecutive patients who underwent Mohs¹ micrographic surgery for removal of a basal cell carcinoma in the medial canthal area were prospectively recruited. An experienced dermatologist trained in Mohs¹ micrographic surgery removed the tumour, and subsequently an oculoplastic surgeon reconstructed the defect. An incision is made from the superior end of the defect superomedially towards the midline of the dorsum of the nose following one of the natural lines of the skin (spec name). The incision runs in arcuate fashion just medial to the eyebrow and then reaches the dorsum of the nose and extends on the contralateral aspect of the nose towards the medial canthal area. The skin is then undermined to free up the newly formed flap. The flap is advanced towards the lesion and fixed intra-dermally with Vicryl Rapide® sutures to ensure anchoring into the concavity of the medial canthal region. The skin is then sutured with prolene sutures. RESULTS . The defects presented were oval or round in shape with diameters ranging from 0.5 to 2 cm. In all cases the transnasal flap covered the entire area and the defect was successfully reconstructed. Mean follow-up is 10.8 months (±4.5 SD) (range 4–17 months); all patients had an excellent cosmetic result and were subjectively satisfied. CONCLUSIONS . The transnasal advancement flap seems to have some advantages over the usual reconstruction techniques in use to repair medium defects in the medial canthal area. These are the avoidance of vertical scars in the glabellar area, eyebrow hair is not transposed into the medial canthal area, the skin match is excellent, both in colour and thickness, and surgical scars are hidden within the natural lines of the nasal bridge. We advocate the use of this technique for all minor to medium skin defects.     

The transnasal advancement flap: A technique for medial canthal area defects

AIM. To illustrate an alternative technique for reconstructing defects in the medial canthal area following tumour removal. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Eight consecutive patients who underwent Mohs(1) micrographic surgery for removal of a basal cell carcinoma in the medial canthal area were prospectively recruited. An experienced dermatologist trained in Mohs(1) micrographic surgery removed the tumour, and subsequently an oculoplastic surgeon reconstructed the defect. An incision is made from the superior end of the defect superomedially towards the midline of the dorsum of the nose following one of the natural lines of the skin (spec name). The incision runs in arcuate fashion just medial to the eyebrow and then reaches the dorsum of the nose and extends on the contralateral aspect of the nose towards the medial canthal area. The skin is then undermined to free up the newly formed flap. The flap is advanced towards the lesion and fixed intra-dermally with Vicryl Rapide(R) sutures to ensure anchoring into the concavity of the medial canthal region. The skin is then sutured with prolene sutures. RESULTS. The defects presented were oval or round in shape with diameters ranging from 0.5 to 2 cm. In all cases the transnasal flap covered the entire area and the defect was successfully reconstructed. Mean follow-up is 10.8 months (+/-4.5 SD) (range 4-17 months); all patients had an excellent cosmetic result and were subjectively satisfied. CONCLUSIONS. The transnasal advancement flap seems to have some advantages over the usual reconstruction techniques in use to repair medium defects in the medial canthal area. These are the avoidance of vertical scars in the glabellar area, eyebrow hair is not transposed into the medial canthal area, the skin match is excellent, both in colour and thickness, and surgical scars are hidden within the natural lines of the nasal bridge. We advocate the use of this technique for all minor to medium skin defects.     

Medial canthal reconstruction by a modified glabellar flap

AIMS: To present a modified technique for the preparation of glabellar skin flaps to reconstruct medial canthal defects. METHODS: Ten consecutively treated patients were included who had skin defects after resection of skin tumours like basal cell carcinomas in the medial canthal area of a medium vertical diameter of 2.5 cm. The defects were closed by preparation of a modified glabellar flap. The pedicle of the flap was guided through a skin tunnel prepared diagonally at the root of the nose. The pedicle was resected 4 weeks after the initial surgery. RESULTS: In all 10 cases, the procedure was adequate for reconstruction of the defect. There were no flap necroses and the cosmetic results were favourable in all cases. The resection of the pedicle could be performed easily in an out-patient procedure 4 weeks after the operation. CONCLUSION: Glabellar flaps are established procedures to reconstruct medium to large defects of the medial canthus. Skin distortion in the area of the flap pedicle leading to a skin bulge and visible scars at the root of the nose and medial transposition of the eye brows can be reduced by a modification of the surgical technique preparing a skin tunnel for the flap pedicle. In our hands, the cosmetic results are better with the modified technique in comparison to the original procedure.     

Reconstruction of nasal fistulas of the medial canthus

Invasive carcinomas of the medial canthus may require the removal of skin, subcutaneous tissue, and nasal bone, which can result in a nasal fistula of the medial canthus. I applied a nasolabial flap on the inside of the fistula and a forehead flap on the outside to reconstruct such a fistula. This technique was successful in three patients.