儿童口腔门诊护士与医生配合的体会

目的探讨儿科口腔门诊护士与医生的配合体会。方法加强口腔儿童治疗前后的心理护理，密切关注治疗中的儿童情绪变化，积极配合医生做好全程护理。结果儿童患者得到良好的护理和诊疗，使H腔诊疗工作得以顺利进行。结论儿童口腔科护士与医生的良好配合以及对儿童进行积极的心理护理，有助于提高医生的工作效率以及提高儿童愿意就诊的配合率。     

让人文关怀成为医生的职业信仰

平衡木的一头系着医生,另一头系着患者。两头需沟通配合,齐心协力,既把握好己方的重量,亦体谅好对方的重量。唯有如此,才能走过钢丝、渡过险关。     

人文关怀护理对维持性血透患者焦虑抑郁情绪的影响

目的:对维持性血透患者实施人文关怀护理,观察其对患者焦虑抑郁情绪的影响。方法:选取2017年5～2018年12月之间收治的42例维持性血透患者为研究对象,根据患者入院时间不同分为对照组(n=21)与观察组(n=21),对照组21例患者给予常规护理,观察组21例患者在其基础上给予人文关怀护理,比较两组患者心理状态(包括焦虑评分SAS与抑郁评分SDS)。结果:实施人文关怀护理前,两组患者SAS、SDS评分不存在明显统计学差异,P0.05;实施人文关怀护理后,两组患者SAS、SDS评分均有所下降,观察组两项评分均明显低于对照组,P0.05。结论:对维持性血液透析患者实施人文关怀护理,可显著改善患者焦虑抑郁心理,可以在临床护理工作中推广应用。     

护理干预对儿童口腔治疗患者的影响

目的:探讨护理干预对儿童口腔治疗患者的影响。方法:通过环境干预、心理干预,对家长的卫生健康宣教,使用表麻药等对患儿进行护理干预。结果:护理干预的患儿对治疗的恐惧感、紧张明显降低,治疗配合度提高,治疗时间明显缩短。结论:结果表明通过适当的护理干预能降低患儿治疗的恐惧感,提高治疗配合度,缩短治疗时间。值得临床进一步探讨推广。     

母亲焦虑抑郁对儿童情绪和行为的影响作用

母亲的情绪问题会影响儿童情绪行为的发育,本文综述了迄今为止关于其发生机制的研究结果。早期研究主要集中与情绪症状对母亲自身养育能力的影响作用;之后研究方向逐渐转向亲子互动,母婴依恋等交互影响方面;近年来关于儿童自身适应性和情绪调节能力的研究也逐渐增多。目前研究结果显示,母亲的焦虑抑郁情绪将通过外在环境和内部生理改变两方面来影响儿童的情绪调节功能,并导致儿童表现出一系列的行为和情绪问题,这些影响作用也可能会通过新的代际基因传递持续发挥作用。而存在抑郁或焦虑情绪的母亲,若能在养育过程中与儿童保持良好的互动,使用倾听和鼓励等支持性的养育行为,以及在面对儿童时努力抑制自己的负性情感,有可能阻止精神症状的代际传递。     

家庭环境对学龄前儿童焦虑情绪的影响分析

目的 分析家庭环境对学龄前儿童焦虑情绪的影响.方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法在义乌市城乡的两所幼儿园中选择917名3～6岁的学龄前儿童,进行问卷调查.用Spence学龄前儿童焦虑量表(PAS)中文修订版评估学龄前儿童的焦虑情绪,用第2次修订版家庭环境量表(FES-CV)作为评定家庭环境的指标.结果 根据PAS量表,焦虑儿...     

人文关怀护理对术前焦虑患者的影响分析

目的：探讨人文关怀护理对术前焦虑患者的影响。方法：203例患者随机分为实验组与对照组,对照组行常规护理,实验组在对照组基础上实施人文关怀护理,观察两组手术前后血压、心率变化;应用焦虑自评量表（SAS）对患者的焦虑水平进行评定。结果：两组治疗后焦虑水平比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：对术前焦虑患者实施人文关怀护理,能够有效减轻患者的心理压力。     

舒适护理对ICU危重患者焦虑和抑郁情绪的影响

目的探究舒适护理对ICU危重症患者焦虑与抑郁情绪的影响。方法随机选取本院2013年5月~2014年2月入院接受治疗的100例ICU清醒患者,随机将其分成观察组与对照组,每组50例患者。对照组采用常规护理方式,观察组在对照组的基础上使用舒适护理,比较两组患者的SAS与SDS评分情况。结果护理干预前,两组的SAS和SDS评分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。干预后,观察组患者的SAS、SDS评分改善程度明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义。结论使用舒适护理对ICU患者进行护理,能够有效改善患者的焦虑和抑郁情绪,对患者提高治疗效果具有重要的意义。     

人文关怀对骨科手术患者情绪应激的影响

目的研究人文关怀对骨科手术患者情绪应激的影响。方法选择北华大学附属医院骨科手术的160例患者,并随机分为干预组（人文关怀组）80例和对照组80例,对照组给予常规护理,干预组在常规护理的基础上给予人文关怀,对患者术前、术后心理健康水平进行评价。结果围手术期患者经人文关怀后,术后情绪稳定型人数由入院时的20.00%增至术前时的72.50%,情绪不稳定型由80.00%降至27.50%。结论有效的人文关怀可以减轻骨科围手术期患者心理应激反应。     

乡村医生对艾滋病致孤儿童问题的认识与支持现状调查

目的了解我国部分艾滋病致孤儿童所在村医生对相关问题的认识和解决能力。方法采用问卷调查方法,调查艾滋病致孤儿童所在村医生320名,了解其对相关问题的认识和解决能力。结果乡村医生(村医)对艾滋病致孤儿童可能面临问题的认识低于31.0%。9.7%的村医不愿给艾滋病病毒感染者的子女看病,19.4%的人曾向村民介绍过艾滋病预防关怀知识,12.2%的人曾到感染者家中引导其积极地生活,9.7%的人曾组织过感染者生产自救。有72.2%的村医对蚊虫叮咬不传播艾滋病有正确认识,57.2%的村医对医疗注射会增加艾滋病的传播风险有正确认识,48.1%的人对只与一个忠诚的未感染艾滋病病毒的人发生性行为可以降低艾滋病的传播风险有正确认识,77.8%的人对使用避孕套可以降低艾滋病的传播风险有正确认识。结论村医对艾滋病致孤儿童可能面临的问题普遍认识不足,并有少数村医不愿意给艾滋病致孤儿童看病。在村民中开展艾滋病健康教育、引导感染者积极生活、组织感染者生产自救的村医也很少。动员村医在农村开展艾滋病致孤儿童关怀工作,仍需给予其正确信息。     

Early Elementary School Intervention to Reduce Conduct Problems: A Randomized Trial with Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Children

Children's aggressive behavior and reading difficulties during early elementary school years are risk factors for adolescent problem behaviors such as delinquency, academic failure, and substance use. This study determined if a comprehensive intervention that was designed to address both of these risk factors could affect teacher, parent, and observer measures of internalizing and externalizing problems. European American (n = 116) and Hispanic (n = 168) children from 3 communities who were selected for aggressiveness or reading difficulties were randomly assigned to an intervention or no-intervention control condition. Intervention families received parent training, and their children received social behavior interventions and supplementary reading instruction over a 2-year period. At the end of intervention, playground observations showed that treated children displayed less negative social behavior than controls. At the end of a 1-year follow-up, treated children showed less teacher-rated internalizing and less parent-rated coercive and antisocial behavior than controls. The study's limitations and implications for prevention are discussed.     

儿科住院患儿及其父母的焦虑

目的 研究住院患儿及其父母的心理健康状况及相互的影响。方法 采用汉密顿焦虑量表（HAMA）测评33例住院患儿并与29例健康儿童进行对比分析。采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）调查了住院患儿的父亲或母亲,并与中国常模比较。结果 患儿组焦虑评分高于对照组（P＜0．01）。除行为表现外,汉密顿焦虑量表各因素评分均较高,有统计学意义。患儿组有焦虑者占60．5％,高于对照组（P＜0．01）。患儿父母焦虑评分较高（P＜0．01）。患儿与其父母的焦虑评分无相关。结论 儿科住院患儿与其父母均存在明显的焦虑情绪,两者之间无相关。     

Feasibility of an Anxiety Preventive Intervention for Community Violence Exposed African-American Children

Investigated the feasibility of using an anxiety preventive intervention efficacious with Australian children with inner-city African-Americans (aged 10–11) who experienced moderate anxiety problems and community violence exposure. Of 91 fifth-grade students, ten participated in the school-based selective preventive intervention that targeted anxiety disorders. In this pilot study, qualitative and quantitative analyses revealed significant decreases in general anxiety and manifestations of anxiety that were contextually relevant to the community violence exposed youth (i.e., physiological symptoms, worry regarding environmental pressures, and concentration difficulties). The discussion focuses on the modifications necessary to make the prevention program culturally and contextually appropriate for anxious inner-city African-American children.     

依托儿联体的托幼机构儿童家长儿童常见病防治健康教育效果评价

目的分析依托儿联体的托幼机构儿童家长儿童常见病防治健康教育效果,为同行开展儿童健康管理工作提供参考。方法自制调查问卷,内容包括基本情况、获取知识的途径、儿童常见病防治知识的掌握及对健康教育讲座的评价和需求等。采用健康教育讲座前后调查的方式,分别发放托幼机构儿童家长健康教育讲座效果评价前表和后表。结果341名调查对象的平均得分由健康教育讲座前的7.68分上升到11.25分(满分12分),其中9个方面知识的回答正确率由健康教育讲座前的19.06%~75.07%上升到80.94%~95.60%,差异具有统计学意义。电视、健康讲座和广播电台是儿童家长最希望获取知识的三个途径。结论在托幼机构儿童家长中开展面对面的健康教育讲座可以短时间内有效提升家长对儿童期常见病防治知识的知晓程度和科学育儿的健康素养。同时需重视宣传渠道的权威性,健康知识的普及需兼顾专业性、可理解性和趣味性。     

Empowering Low-Income Parents with Skills to Reduce Excess Pediatric Emergency Room and Clinic Visits through a Tailored Low Literacy Training Intervention

In this article, we evaluate the impact of a health literacy intervention to decrease emergency room and doctor's office visits for common childhood illness symptoms. Our education model trained low-income parents of young children (9,240 families) at 55 Head Start sites on the use of a low-literacy health book to respond to common childhood illnesses. The overall strategic framework required each Head Start site to create a Health Improvement Project to plan, successfully train, monitor, and keep the momentum through a strong follow-up with families regarding their health care decisions. The study was conducted from 2003 to 2006. Each family was tracked for 3 months prior to the training using self-report, and for 6 months afterward. The average number of emergency room and doctor visits among parents decreased 58% and 41% respectively (p < .001). Further, work days missed by the primary caretaker per year decreased 42%, and school days missed per year decreased 29% (p < .001). During the health literacy intervention, emergency room and doctor visits reported among parents decreased, as well as the number of work days and school days missed per year. Significant cost savings for the health care system can be anticipated through thoughtful broad dissemination of this training model.     

9600例儿科急诊患儿疾病谱和临床特征分析

目的了解庆阳市人民医院儿科9600例急诊患儿疾病谱分布和临床特征,以提高急诊患儿的合理救治率及危重患儿的救治成功率。方法回顾总结和分析2011年6月—2013年10月庆阳市人民医院急诊儿科接诊患儿9600例的临床资料,分类统计各系统主要的疾病病种、临床特点和分类排序。结果排序前5位的分别是呼吸系统疾病（43．60％）、消化系统疾病（24．83％）、神经系统疾病（20．54％）、传染病（8．05％）及意外伤害（1．45％）;其中呼吸系统疾病以上呼吸道感染合并高热为主（50．45％）,消化系统疾病以病毒性肠炎合并脱水为主（41．61％）,神经系统疾病以各类惊厥为主（47．01％）,传染病以手足口病为主（51．62％）,意外伤害则以各类中毒为主（56．84％）。1月～5岁是小儿急诊病种的高发年龄段。结论9600例急诊患儿疾病谱分布在各系统,差异具有显著性。以急性呼吸道感染为主要就诊病种（50．45％）,提示儿童阶段预防感染性疾病的重要性。儿童急诊疾病谱排序和临床特点可作为院前急救和儿科急诊医护人员岗位培训的依据。     

儿童孤独症父母干预探究

针对儿童孤独症治疗原则之一,也就是家庭参与,让父母也成为治疗的合作者或参与者的实验研究进行深入探讨,以期为儿童孤独症的治疗提供有益的基础数据。     

Early Elementary School-Aged Child Attachment to Parents: A Test of Theory and Implications for Intervention

Child attachment to parents has been shown in the literature to reduce the likelihood of problem behaviors through enhancing resiliency. Research examining attachment and its relationship to antisocial behavioral outcomes in adolescents has been shaped largely by social control theorists who have theorized that attachment to prosocial others inhibits the expression of antisocial behavioral outcomes (Hirschi, 1969). This paper seeks to expand the literature by investigating the development of child attachment to parent(s) during the early elementary school years as specified theoretically by the social development model (Catalano & Hawkins, 1996). Using structural equation modeling, the results support the theoretical model as proposed by the social development model. School-aged children's attachment to parents can be successfully predicted by constructs outlined in the social development model. Finally, implications for interventions that enhance child attachment to parent(s) are discussed.     

Self-Care Instruments to Measure Nutrition Practices in Children and Parents: Psychometric Analysis

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the psychometric properties of English and Spanish instruments that measure the nutrition behavior and practices of children and their parents. Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory was used in this methodological study. A convenience sample of 333 children and 262 mothers participated from two schools in Washington, D.C. and two schools in Santiago, Chile. Principal component analysis indicated three component per instrument corresponding to Orem’s Theory of operations demonstrating construct validity of the instrument. The study findings showed evidence for validity and reliability of the English and Spanish versions and indicated that the instruments appropriately represented Orem’s operations. The results have implications for the development of health behavior measurement instruments that are valid, reliable, designed for children, culturally appropriate, and efficient. Measuring the nutrition behavior of children and parents is critical for determining the effectiveness of nutrition intervention programs. Furthermore, instruments are needed so that researchers can compare corresponding child and parent behaviors or compare behaviors across cultures.     

Cost and Cost Effectiveness of a Pilot m-Health Intervention Targeting Parents of School-Aged Children to Improve the Nutritional Quality of Foods Packed in the Lunchbox

The SWAP IT program aims to improve the nutritional quality of school lunchboxes via a multicomponent m-health intervention, involving: weekly support messages to parents; physical resources; school nutrition guidelines and lunchbox lessons. SWAP IT has been reported to be effective. This study aims to determine the cost and cost effectiveness of the SWAP IT m-health intervention. The retrospective trial-based economic evaluation was conducted in 12 Catholic primary schools in New South Wales, Australia. Schools were randomised to intervention or usual care. The costs (AUD, 2019) were evaluated from societal perspectives. The direct cost to uptake the intervention and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) were calculated. ICERS were calculated for two outcomes: reduction in total kJ and reduction in discretionary kJ from the lunchbox. The total cost was calculated to be AUD 55, 467. The mean incremental cost per student to receive the intervention was calculated to be AUD 31/student. The cost per reduction in total lunchbox energy was AUD 0.54. The ICER for the reduction in energy from discretionary foods in the lunchbox was AUD 0.24. These findings suggest that this m-health intervention has potential to be cost effective in reducing the kilojoules from discretionary foods packed in school lunchboxes.