血压正常高值者动脉僵硬度与动态血压参数的关系

目的探讨血压正常高值者动脉僵硬度与动态血压参数的关系。方法选择理想血压者63例,血压正常高值者74例,高血压者67例。监测所有入选者24 h动态血压,应用脉搏波传导速度测定仪测定颈动脉-桡动脉脉搏波传导速度。结果血压正常高值组24 h收缩压、24 h舒张压、白昼收缩压、白昼舒张压、夜间收缩压、24 h脉压、白昼脉压及夜间脉压均高于理想血压组,低于高血压组(P<0.05或P<0.01);血压正常高值组夜间舒张压低于高血压组(P<0.05)。血压正常高值组颈动脉-桡动脉脉搏波传导速度(9.67±1.12 m/s)显著高于血压理想组(8.27±0.99 m/s),低于高血压组(10.55±1.71 m/s;P<0.05或P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析显示,24 h收缩压、24 h脉压、夜间收缩压是颈动脉-桡动脉脉搏波传导速度的影响因素(β值分别为0.385、0.351及0.247,P<0.05)。结论血压正常高值者动脉僵硬度增高,24 h收缩压、24 h脉压、夜间收缩压是影响动脉弹性的主要因素。     

偶测正常血压老年糖尿病患者24小时动态血压分析

目的　探讨糖尿病患者在偶测血压增高之前动态血压是否变化。方法　从疗养人群中随机选择偶测血压正常的老年糖尿病患者 3 0例为 DM组、健康老年人 3 7例为对照组 ,比较两组动态血压的测试结果。结果　 (1 )糖尿病组 2 4小时平均血压、白天、夜间平均血压及 2 4小时波动曲线均显示血压高于对照组 ,其中 DM组 2 4小时 SBP、最小 SBP经统计学处理 ,P<0 .0 5。 (2 ) 2 4小时平均 SBP、日间、夜间平均 SBP超过正常参考标准的百分比 ,两组间比较有显著差异。 (3 ) DM组 SBP2 4小时压力负荷为 3 5 .4% ,对照组 SBP2 4小时压力负荷为 2 4.1 % ,但组间比较无显著差异。结论　偶测血压正常的糖尿病患者在血压增高之前 ,动态血压显示 2 4小时平均血压 ,已经高于对照组。     

正常高值血压者血压模式与冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系

目的：探讨正常高值血压者的不同血压模式与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性。方法：选择正常高值血压可疑冠状动脉粥样硬化患者218例,均行24小时动态血压监测及冠状动脉造影术。根据动态血压结果,将患者分为杓型、非杓型、反杓型及超杓型血压模式组。冠状动脉病变的狭窄程度用病变血管支数、类型及Gensini积分表示。分析四组血压模式与冠状动脉病变程度的关系。结果:(1).与杓型血压组相比非杓型组、反杓型组、超杓型组24hMSBP、dMSBP、nMSBP均明显增高,且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;（2）.杓型组中单支病变、A型病变发生率最高,多支病变、C型病变发生率最低,其与非杓型、反杓型、超杓型组相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),反杓型组中多支病变、C型病变发生率最高,与杓型、非杓型、超杓型组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);（3）.反杓型、非杓型、超杓型组中Gensini积分均高于杓型组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),反杓型组高于非杓型组及超杓型组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);（4.）冠状动脉病变的多元线性回归分析结果显示：年龄、nMSBP、反杓型血压模式为冠状动脉病变的独立危险因素。结论：正常高值血压者血压模式与冠状动脉病变程度密切相关。正常高值血压者中反杓型血压模式对冠状动脉病变影响最大。恢复患者正常杓型血压模式对减少靶器官损害有重要意义。     

血压正常高值者动态血压负荷及血压变异性与肿瘤坏死因子α的相关性

目的探讨血压正常高值者动态血压负荷及血压变异性与肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-a)的关系。方法选择理想血压者100例,血压正常高值者105例,高血压患者110例,进行24 h动态血压监测,分别计算三组动态血压负荷及血压变异性,并测定TNF-a水平。结果血压正常高值组TNF-a水平、24 h、白昼及夜间动态血压负荷高于理想血压组,低于高血压组(P<0.01)。血压正常高值组24 h、白昼及夜间血压变异性高于理想血压组,24 h及白昼收缩压变异性、24 h及夜间舒张压变异性低于高血压组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析及多元逐步线性回归分析显示,血压正常高值组TNF-α与24 h收缩压负荷、24 h舒张压负荷、24 h收缩压变异性、白昼收缩压负荷、夜间舒张压负荷、夜间收缩压变异性呈正相关(P<0.05),24 h收缩压负荷及变异性、夜间收缩压负荷及变异性是TNF-α的影响因素(P<0.01)。结论血压正常高值者动态血压负荷及血压变异性与TNF-α相关,高血压早期炎症与血压升高有关。     

100例正常血压者24小时动态血压监测

非创伤全自动２４小时动态血压记录仪能测试不同环境、不同体位时病人的血压，显然优于人工偶测血压的方法。目前，因缺乏正常血压者的参考数据，使之在临床的应用受到很大限制。为此，我们做了１００例正常血压者的测试。结果显示：（１）２４小时动态血压均值，昼夜为１４．９／９．０ｋＰａ（１１２／６８ｍｍＨｇ），日间为１５．６／９．３ｋＰａ（１１７／７０ｍｍＨｇ），夜间为１４．４／８．５ｋＰａ（１０８／６４ｍｍＨｇ）。（２）如果以研究的各项平均值±２个标准差作为正常值范围，那么２４小时的动态血压均值正常分布范围，昼夜为１２．５～１７．３／７．４～１０．６ｋＰａ（９４～１３０／５６～８０ｍｍＨｇ），日间为１２．６～１８．５／７．７～１０．９ｋＰａ（９５～１３９／５８～８２ｍｍＨｇ），夜间为１２．０～１６．８／６．９～１０．１ｋＰａ（９０～１２６／５２～７６ｍｍＨｇ），２４小时测试数据最高值日间为２０．６／１２．６ｋＰａ（１５５／９５ｍｍＨｇ），夜间为１９．７／１１．８ｋＰａ（１４８／８９ｍｍＨｇ）。     

血压正常高值者血压晨峰与冷加压试验的相关性

目的:探讨血压正常高值者血压晨峰现象与冷加压试验后血压变化的相关性。方法:将258例受试者按血压水平分为理想血压组、血压正常高值组和高血压病组。所有受试者均进行24小时动态血压监测及冷加压试验。结果:血压正常高值者清晨血压上长幅度为（27±9）mmHg,冷加压后0 s及60 s SBP增加幅度分别为(14±6)mmHg及(9±5)mmHg,晨峰及冷加压试验阳性发生率分别为45%及26%,低于高血压病组,但明显高于理想血压组（P<0.05）。血压晨峰、吸烟史、年龄及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇是影响0 s SBP增加幅度的主要因素;血压晨峰、年龄及空腹血糖是影响60 s SBP增加幅度的主要因素。结论:血压正常高值者清晨血压上升明显,冷加压后血压显著上升,冷加压后血压增幅与血压晨峰相关。     

高血压患者24小时动态血压分析

对１００例高血压患者进行２４ｈ动态血压监测，结果２４ｈ动态血压波动规律呈双峰双谷状，第一高峰在上午７～１１时左右，第二高峰在下午１６～２１时左右，且收缩压第二高峰值明显高于第一高峰值，２４ｈ动态血压均值昼夜为１３９／８３ｍｍＨｇ，日间为１４０／８６ｍｍＨｇ，夜间为１３６／８０ｍｍＨｇ。血压负荷收缩压为４８％，舒张压为３２％。     

老年人24小时动态血压正常参考值研究

随着人类寿命的延长，老年人在人口构成中的比例和绝对数增加，发达国家和我国部分城市已进入老龄化社会。流行病学调查显示高血压发病率随年龄增长而增加，老年高血压患病率达到22．4％～71．0％。高血压已成为影响老年人健康长寿和生活质量的重要疾病。对老年人医生常凭几次诊室偶测血压作为高血压的诊断和治疗依据，一方面，从诊断上讲，这可能将很多单纯白大衣高血压作为慢性高血压而长期予以不恰当的治疗；另一方面，如果我们仅凭几次诊室偶测血压作为高血压降压治疗的依据，很难保证24h平稳降压，从而使患者得不到恰当(过度或不足)的治疗。     

200例正常中老年人24小时动态血压特征

目的 :动态血压测定值常因地区、种族、时节不同而异。方法 :我们于 1996年～ 1998年对成都地区 2 0 0例中老年人进行了 2 4小时动态血压监测。结果 :平均年龄 5 8.15± 8.19岁 ,昼夜均值 93～ 146 / 5 2～ 93mm Hg,日间均值10 0～ 135 / 5 9～ 92 m m Hg,夜间均值 10 0～ 132 / 5 5～ 83mm Hg,昼夜平均压均值 93± 10 .19mm Hg,血压负荷值 12～ 30 /10～ 15 %。结论 :本组结果可作为成都地区动态血压的参考正常值     

24小时动态血压监测与冠状动脉病变的关联性研究

目的研究患者24h动态血压与冠状动脉病变严重程度的关联性。方法回顾性分析我院2008年10月—2010年12月收治的127例冠心病患者临床资料,对全部患者应用冠状动脉造影术。患者冠状动脉病变严重程度以冠状动脉病变的Gensini积分与血管支数来表示。全部患者在术前与术后对肱动脉血压进行测量,术后监测24h动态血压。结果高血压组患者冠状动脉三支血管的病变患病率显著高于非高血压组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。冠状动脉发生狭窄的患者,脉压与收缩压均明显高于非高血压组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并且脉压与收缩压均随着患者狭窄血管其支数的增加进行增加。结论脉压是冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄发生与发展的相关性因素,并且患者24h动态血压具有较大的预测价值,值得临床普遍推广。     

24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in normal and hypertensive subjects

24-hour ambulatory blood pressures (BP) of 172 normal subjects and 167 hypertensive patients recorded by automatic ambulatory monitoring device (A method) and standard mercury sphygmomanometer (B method) were studied. The results show: (1) 66% of normal subjects and 78% hypertensive patients have an evident circadian rhythm BP during 24-hours, BP readings during sleep and noon time are lower. (2) There is no significant difference between times at work and at home readings (P greater than 0.05), but the mean BP during sleeping time is the lowest (P less than 0.01). (3) The correlative coefficient of 24-hour average BP and casual clinic BP is low (r = 0.38-0.74). (4) The validity and accuracy of ambulatory BP monitoring by A and B methods were compared.     

24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is the exact, fully automatic and noninvasive method for evaluation of the 24-hour hemodynamic profile of the subject by multiple and regular blood pressure and heart rate measurement. In comparison with causal blood pressure measurement, ABPM allows the definition of daytime and nighttime blood pressure averages, diurnal changes of blood pressure, localization of periods of the most frequent appearance of hypertensive values, specification of hypertensive load, percent time elevation and diagnosing of white coat phenomenon. The use of all mentioned findings leads to the improvement of blood pressure control in patients with resistant hypertension, polymorbidity, helps to analyze paroxysmal hypertension, verify diagnosis of the hypertension in patients with borderline or high normal blood pressure. The final profit is the reduction of the target organ damage and reduction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Definite diagnosis of the white coat phenomenon markedly decreases consumption of the antihypertensive drugs. In addition, this method enables better evaluation of hypotensive syndromes and is very helpful in the investigation of physiology of blood pressure regulation, biorhythms and in pharmacodynamical studies of the new antihypertensives.     

Experience with 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in hypertension

Traditional sphygmomanometric blood pressure measurements may lead to errors in the diagnosis of arterial hypertension due to a number of factors, among which are the alerting reaction and pressor response induced in patients by the doctor's visit. This phenomenon, as quantified in our laboratory by continuous intraarterial recordings, is responsible for an average rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 27/15 mm Hg, a rise that does not seem to be reduced by simply desensitizing the patient by means of more frequent physician visits. Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring may theoretically improve the diagnostic approach to hypertensive patients by overcoming some limitations of isolated cuff measurements. In recording intraarterial blood pressure in 108 ambulant hypertensive subjects, we have found that 24-hour blood pressure values are able to discriminate among patients with different degrees of target organ damage better than isolated sphygmomanometric readings. Moreover, these studies have indicated that 24-hour blood pressure variability may be as important as blood pressure mean values in the assessment of cardiovascular complications. In clinical practice, however, intraarterial blood pressure monitoring is not feasible, and only noninvasive recorders can be used. Use of these devices does not induce any alerting reaction in the patients and does not interfere with day-night blood pressure changes. Although it is characterized by intermittent readings, this approach is not incompatible with a precise estimate of 24-hour blood pressure mean values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Verapamil and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in essential hypertension

The antihypertensive effects of oral regular and slow-release verapamil, a calcium-channel blocking agent, were evaluated in 22 patients with mild to moderate hypertension (sitting diastolic blood pressure [DBP] 95 to 112 mm Hg). The dose required to control blood pressure varied from 80 to 120 mg, 3 times a day. All patients received regular verapamil for a further 3 to 4 months, when systolic blood pressure (SBP) and DBP had risen from the end of the open-label phase. During a double-blind phase patients were randomly assigned to continue the same dose of regular verapamil, 3 times a day, or an equivalent daily dose of sustained-release verapamil (240 to 360 mg once a day). Seven of the 11 patients on regular and 3 of the 11 on sustained-release verapamil were also taking diuretics. This antihypertensive program was continued for at least 4 weeks. During the efficacy period, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was carried out. Mean 24-hour SBP and DBP were 133 +/- 20 and 89 +/- 13 mm Hg, respectively, on regular and 131 +/- 22 and 87 +/- 12 mm Hg, respectively, on sustained-release verapamil. There were no statistically significant differences noted between the 2 groups. Mean SBP and DBP varied similarly during awake and sleep hours with both formulations of verapamil. With regular verapamil, SBP was 139 +/- 18 and 124 +/- 20 mm Hg and DBP 92 +/- 11 and 84 +/- 13 mm Hg during awake and sleep hours, respectively; with sustained release, SBP was 138 +/- 21 and 122 +/- 22 mm Hg and DBP 92 +/- 10 and 80 +/- 10 mm Hg during awake and sleep hours, respectively. Heart rate fell during the entry period and continued during the entire study period. No other adverse effects were noted during the double-blind phase. In summary, verapamil is an effective antihypertensive medication and can be administered once a day as a sustained-release preparation; it is most useful in patients in whom adrenergic blocking drugs are indicated.     

24小时动态血压参数正常参照值的研究

目的　探讨国人２４ 小时动态血压（２４ ｈ ＡＢＰ）参数的正常参照值。方法　采用无创性携带式动态血压监测仪检测３００ 例，年龄２０～７９ 岁临床健康者的动态血压。结果　国人２４ 小时动态血压均值：（１１１－８／６８－２ ±８－５／６－１）ｍｍＨｇ（１ ｍｍＨｇ ＝ ０－１３３ ｋＰａ），白昼（１１３－９／７０－１ ±１０－４／６－９）ｍｍＨｇ；夜间（１０７－０／６５－３±９－０／６－０）ｍｍＨｇ。结论　推荐２４ 小时动态血压均值＜ １３０／８０ ｍｍＨｇ；白昼均值＜ １３５／８５ ｍｍＨｇ，夜间均值＜ １２５／７７ ｍｍＨｇ；夜间／白昼比值≤０－９０，即夜间血压下降率≥１０％ 可暂时作为动态血压参数的正常参照值。     

Impact of obesity on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and hypertension

The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and parameters derived from 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring including mean 24-hour daytime and nighttime systolic and diastolic blood pressures, 24-hour daytime and nighttime pulse pressure, mean 24-hour daytime and nighttime heart rate, dipping and nondipping status. 3216 outpatient subjects who visited our hypertension center and were never treated with antihypertensive medication underwent 24-hour blood pressure monitoring. BMI was significantly correlated with clinic systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Significant correlations were also found between BMI and mean 24-hour daytime and nighttime systolic blood pressure, 24-hour daytime and nighttime pulse pressure, and mean 24-hour daytime and nighttime heart rate. In multivariate regression analysis, clinic systolic, diastolic blood pressure, mean 24-hour systolic blood pressure, 24-hour pulse pressure, and high-density lipoprotein were independently correlated with BMI. The incidence of white coat hypertension was higher in overweight and obese patients than in normal weight subjects. Confirmed ambulatory blood pressure hypertension was also found to be higher in overweight and obese individuals compared with normal weight subjects. Our data also highlight the higher incidence of nondipping status in obesity. These findings suggest that obese patients had increased ambulatory blood pressure parameters and altered circadian blood pressure rhythm with increased prevalence of nondipping status.     

Current status of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in clinical practice

Twenty-four-hour monitoring of blood pressure (BP) is a new non-invasive technique of examination which, apart from becoming a useful research tool, has found widespread use in clinical practice. Monitoring detects BP fluctuations due to changes in physical and mental activities throughout the day and to physiological circadian rhythms, especially the nocturnal BP decrease. Monitored BP shows a better correlation with the degree of target organ damage than casual BP. In patients with increased BP values persisting despite therapy, BP monitoring makes it possible to differentiate hypertensives with truly resistant or inadequately treated hypertension from those showing substantially higher BP values in the doctor's office than their normal daytime levels are. BP monitoring may improve the accuracy of prediction of cardiovascular complications. This fact, however, has to be verified by other prospective studies which may expand the range of potential applications of this new method.     

Hepatocyte growth factor and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.

In recent years, many growth factors and cytokines have been shown to be related to arteriosclerosis, and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been reported to be associated with hypertension. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between HGF and hypertension by measuring the serum HGF concentration and performing 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in 47 randomly selected male and female subjects who underwent a medical examination for cardiovascular disease. The results were as follows. 1) The mean serum HGF concentration in the subjects was 0.35+/-0.14 ng/ml. 2) The serum HGF concentration was positively correlated with both the nighttime systolic and diastolic blood pressures (r=0.42, p<0.05 and r=0.47, p<0.01, respectively). 3) No correlation was found between serum HGF concentration and daytime systolic or diastolic blood pressure. 4) When subjects were divided into two groups based on the difference between daytime and nighttime systolic blood pressure, i.e., a group in which the difference was less than 10 mmHg and a group in which the difference was 10 mmHg or more, the HGF concentration was significantly higher in the former group (0.39+/-0.14 vs. 0.30+/-0.12 ng/ml, p<0.05); similarly, when subjects were divided into a group in which the difference between daytime and nighttime diastolic blood pressure was 5 mmHg and a group in which the difference was 5 mmHg or more, the HGF concentration was significantly higher in the former group (0.42+/-0.15 vs. 0.31+/-0.12 ng/ml, p<0.05). The results indicated that there is a relationship between blood pressure measured by ABPM and serum HGF concentration, and that this relationship might be an index of damage to blood vessels in patients with hypertension.