Expression of COX-2 and transcription factor CCAAT enhancer binding proteinβin refractory sinusitis with nasal polyps and its significance

Objective To study the expression and significance of COX-2 and C/EBP-βin refractory sinusitis with nasal polyps,and to explore the relationship between them and the recurrence of sinusitis with nasal polyps.Methods The protein expression of COX-2 and C/EBP-βin 20 cases of refractory sinusitis with nasal polyps,20 cases of sinusitis with nasal polyps and 20 cases of normal nasal mucosa were detected by western blot,and the relationship between the two was compared.Results The expression levels of COX-2 and C/EBP-βin refractory sinusitis with nasal polyps were significantly different from those in refractory sinusitis with nasal polyps(P<0.05);The expression levels of COX-2 and C/EBP-βin sinusitis tissues with nasal polyps were significantly different from those in normal nasal mucosa tissues(P<0.05);The expression levels of COX-2 and C/EBP-βin each group were significantly correlated(P<0.05).Conclusions The high expression of COX-2 and C/EBP-βmay be closely related to postoperative recurrence of sinusitis patients with nasal polyps.Both may be used as objective indicators to judge the postoperative follow-up and recurrence tendency of patients with sinusitis with nasal polyps..     

The Effect of Simvastatin on mRNA Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-[H,Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Tooth Extraction Socket

Aim To determine the effect of local simvastatin application on the mRNA expression level of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）, bone morphogenetic protein-2 （BMP-2） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in the tooth sockets of rat. Methodology Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups （n=24）. Polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer carriers, with or without simvastatin, were implanted into extraction sockets of right mandibular incisors. The expression of TGF-β1, BMP-2 and VEGF mRNA was determined by in situ hybridization in the tooth extraction socket at five days, one week, two weeks and four weeks after implantation. Results The fusiform stroma cells in the tooth extraction socket began to express TGF-β1, BMP-2 and VEGF mRNA in both experimental and control groups from one week after tooth extraction until the end of experiment. The expression of TGF-131 and BMP-2 mRNA in the experimental group was significantly up-regulated after one, two and four weeks, and expression of VEGF mRNA was significantly increased after one and two weeks compared with that in the control group. Conclusion The findings indicate that local administration of simvastatin can influence alveolar bone remodeling by regulating the expression of a school of growth factors which are crucial to osteogenesis in the tooth extraction socket.     

Postoperative rehabilitation effect and influence factors of adult prelingual deafness with cochlear implant北大核心CSCD

Objective To investigate whether pre‑lingual deafness adult caused by inadequate auditory compensation in childhood can benefit from cochlear implants and the related influencing factors. Methods A total of 26 prelingual deafness as experimental group [11 males and 15 females, the age of operation was (24.5±5.7) years] and 13 postlingual deafness as control group [5 males and 8 females, the age at the time of operation was (42.2±11.4) years] were recruited. Objective assessment included hearing threshold and speech recognition rate tests while wearing cochlear implants. Subjective assessment used Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire to assess hearing‑related quality of life of subjects. The changes of hearing ability in the prelingual deafness group before and after operation and the differences with the postlingual deafness group were compared, and the correlation between speech recognition ability and the age diagnosed as severe or profound deafness, the age of hearing aid invalid, and duration of wearing cochlear implant were analyzed as factor indicators. All statistical results were analyzed by SAS 9.4 software. Results In terms of objective indicators, the speech recognition rate of pre‑lingual deafness was significantly lower than that of post‑lingual deafness [(35.4±28.0)% vs (80.9±8.0)%, t=7.67, P< 0.001], while there was no statistical difference in hearing threshold between the two groups [(34.8± 4.0) dB HL vs (33.1±3.7) dB HL, t=1.30, P>0.05]. The indicators in the subjective questionnaire showed that the prelingual deafness group was only weaker in advanced sound perception, confidence and total mean score than the post‑lingual deafness group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in other aspects(P>0.05), meanwhile, all indicators of the prelingual deafness group were significantly improved compared with the preoperative level (P<0.001). There was a moderate positive correlation between the hearing quality and the speech recognition rate in the prelingual deafness group(r=0.51, P=0.008). The regression analysis showed that the invalid age of hearing aid was the exact influencing factor of speech recognition rate. Conclusions Certain prelingual deaf adults can adapt to cochlear implants and obtain different degrees of auditory assistance. Compared with the improvement of objective auditory ability assessment, the patient who received cochlear implantation gain more improvement in auditory related quality of life subjectively. The ineffective age of preoperative hearing aid is an important factor, which needs to be aroused sufficient preoperative attention. © 2022 The Author(s).     

逆行荧光标记观察猫上橄榄复合体向内耳的投射

Objective To investigate the distribution and projective feature of cat olivocochlear neurons. Methods Eleven adult cats were divided into two groups randomly. The experimental group of eight cats was injected of I% cholera toxin B (CTB) to the left cochlea, while injected of 5% fluoro gold (FG) to the right cochlea. The control group of three cats was injected of saline to bilateral cochlea. After a survival time of 7 days, serial frozen sections were cut in the cat brainstem. All the sections were processed by immunofluoreseent procedure for CTB and FG, and the labeled olivocochlear neurons were observed byfluorescent microscope. Results In the experimental group, the mean total of olivocochlear neurons labeled by CTB and FG was 3210 ± 168, including lateral olivocochlear neurons (LOC, 2298 ± 120) and medial olivocochlear neurons (MOC,913 ± 64). The labeled neurons were divided into three different types according to their feature of projection: neurons which only projected to the ipsilateral cochlea, neurons which only projected to the contralateral cochlea, and double-labeled neurons which projected both to the ipsilateral and contralateral cochlea, but the double-labeled neurons comprised 3.9% and 15. 1% in the LOC and MOC system respectively. No labeled neurons were found in the control group. Conclusions There are three types of neurons in the cat olivocochlear system. The neurons which projected to the bilateral cochlea may distribute both in the LOC and MOC system.     

逆行荧光标记观察猫上橄榄复合体向内耳的投射

Objective To investigate the distribution and projective feature of cat olivocochlear neurons. Methods Eleven adult cats were divided into two groups randomly. The experimental group of eight cats was injected of I% cholera toxin B (CTB) to the left cochlea, while injected of 5% fluoro gold (FG) to the right cochlea. The control group of three cats was injected of saline to bilateral cochlea. After a survival time of 7 days, serial frozen sections were cut in the cat brainstem. All the sections were processed by immunofluoreseent procedure for CTB and FG, and the labeled olivocochlear neurons were observed byfluorescent microscope. Results In the experimental group, the mean total of olivocochlear neurons labeled by CTB and FG was 3210 ± 168, including lateral olivocochlear neurons (LOC, 2298 ± 120) and medial olivocochlear neurons (MOC,913 ± 64). The labeled neurons were divided into three different types according to their feature of projection: neurons which only projected to the ipsilateral cochlea, neurons which only projected to the contralateral cochlea, and double-labeled neurons which projected both to the ipsilateral and contralateral cochlea, but the double-labeled neurons comprised 3.9% and 15. 1% in the LOC and MOC system respectively. No labeled neurons were found in the control group. Conclusions There are three types of neurons in the cat olivocochlear system. The neurons which projected to the bilateral cochlea may distribute both in the LOC and MOC system.     

犬去细胞喉支架的生物力学研究

Objective To evaluate the biomechanical characteristics of the decellularized laryngeal scaffold. Methods Ten Chinese adult dogs were randomly divided into two groups: perfusion group (n=5) and control group ( n = 5). The acellular larynx scaffold was obtained from dogs through cranial thyroid arteries perfusion with detergents. Comparative examinations were performed by the macroscopic view,histological view ( hematoxylin and eosin stain, Alcian blue stain and Masson stain), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and biomechanical properties between perfusion group and control group. Results Macroscopic view showed that the decellularized laryngeal scaffold appeared pale asphyxia.HE stain indicated that there were little acellular traces of muscle and mucosa. Alcian blue stain, Masson stain and scanning electron microscope(SEM)suggested that there were no obvious changes about lycosaminoglycan and collagen. The compressive modulus of thyroid cartilage was ( 1.06 ±0. 07) MPa ((-x)±s) in experimental groups and (1.15±0.11) MPa in control group , showing no significant difference (t=1.424,P＞0.05),neither in compressive modulus of annular cartilage(1.68±0.11)MPa in experimental groups and (1.67±0. 09)MPa in control group (t = 0.185, P＞0.05). The tensile strength of thyroid cartilage between experimental (5.74±0.88) MPa and control groups (6.18±1.33) MPa did not have the statistical significance(t =0. 627, P ＞0. 05 ). Conclusion These results indicate that perfusion method can construct a perfect biomechanical acellular larynx scaffold which could be a better selection for laryngeal reconstruction with tissue engineering method.     

逆行荧光标记观察猫上橄榄复合体向内耳的投射

Objective To investigate the distribution and projective feature of cat olivocochlear neurons. Methods Eleven adult cats were divided into two groups randomly. The experimental group of eight cats was injected of I% cholera toxin B (CTB) to the left cochlea, while injected of 5% fluoro gold (FG) to the right cochlea. The control group of three cats was injected of saline to bilateral cochlea. After a survival time of 7 days, serial frozen sections were cut in the cat brainstem. All the sections were processed by immunofluoreseent procedure for CTB and FG, and the labeled olivocochlear neurons were observed byfluorescent microscope. Results In the experimental group, the mean total of olivocochlear neurons labeled by CTB and FG was 3210 ± 168, including lateral olivocochlear neurons (LOC, 2298 ± 120) and medial olivocochlear neurons (MOC,913 ± 64). The labeled neurons were divided into three different types according to their feature of projection: neurons which only projected to the ipsilateral cochlea, neurons which only projected to the contralateral cochlea, and double-labeled neurons which projected both to the ipsilateral and contralateral cochlea, but the double-labeled neurons comprised 3.9% and 15. 1% in the LOC and MOC system respectively. No labeled neurons were found in the control group. Conclusions There are three types of neurons in the cat olivocochlear system. The neurons which projected to the bilateral cochlea may distribute both in the LOC and MOC system.     

逆行荧光标记观察猫上橄榄复合体向内耳的投射

Objective To investigate the distribution and projective feature of cat olivocochlear neurons. Methods Eleven adult cats were divided into two groups randomly. The experimental group of eight cats was injected of I% cholera toxin B (CTB) to the left cochlea, while injected of 5% fluoro gold (FG) to the right cochlea. The control group of three cats was injected of saline to bilateral cochlea. After a survival time of 7 days, serial frozen sections were cut in the cat brainstem. All the sections were processed by immunofluoreseent procedure for CTB and FG, and the labeled olivocochlear neurons were observed byfluorescent microscope. Results In the experimental group, the mean total of olivocochlear neurons labeled by CTB and FG was 3210 ± 168, including lateral olivocochlear neurons (LOC, 2298 ± 120) and medial olivocochlear neurons (MOC,913 ± 64). The labeled neurons were divided into three different types according to their feature of projection: neurons which only projected to the ipsilateral cochlea, neurons which only projected to the contralateral cochlea, and double-labeled neurons which projected both to the ipsilateral and contralateral cochlea, but the double-labeled neurons comprised 3.9% and 15. 1% in the LOC and MOC system respectively. No labeled neurons were found in the control group. Conclusions There are three types of neurons in the cat olivocochlear system. The neurons which projected to the bilateral cochlea may distribute both in the LOC and MOC system.     

水通道蛋白-1在鼻息肉中的表达及其调节机制

目的：研究水通道蛋白-1(aquaporin1, AQP1)在鼻息肉组织中的表达,探讨其 与鼻息肉水肿形成及发展的关系。方法：取鼻中隔偏曲矫正术患者下鼻甲黏膜30例和鼻息肉组织60例。鼻息肉组Ⅱ型1期10例, 2期15例, 3期25例,Ⅲ型10例。采用免疫组织化学检测AQP1在不同类型及不同临床分期鼻息肉和下鼻甲黏膜组织中的表达及在不同类型鼻息肉组织中的表达。结果：（1）鼻息肉上皮层AQP1阳性细胞数显著高于下鼻甲黏膜(Ｐ＜0 01); 不同分型分期鼻息肉上皮层AQP1的阳性细胞数又有差异,Ⅱ型3期和Ⅲ型鼻息肉显著低于Ⅱ型1期鼻息肉(Ｐ＜0 01); 而在鼻息肉血管内皮及腺体细胞中的AQP1的表达明显高于下鼻甲(Ｐ＜0 01); （2）Ⅱ型3期和Ⅲ型鼻息肉血管内皮中AQP1阳性细胞数显著高于Ⅱ型1期鼻息肉和下鼻甲黏膜上皮下组织(Ｐ＜0 01)。结论：AQP1在鼻息肉组织中的异常表达可能与鼻息肉的发生和发展密切相关, 具体机制有待进一步研究。     

ERK5蛋白在鼻息肉细胞中的表达和意义

目的 探讨细胞外调节蛋白激酶5(ERK5)在鼻息肉细胞中的表达和意义。 方法 分析2013年1月至2014年12月接受治疗的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(CRS)患者的临床资料,将其中37例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)患者列为观察组(CRSwNP组),35例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎不伴鼻息肉(CRSsNP)患者作为对照组(CRSsNP组)。 结果 CRSwNP组患者血清中TNF-α(t=16.7,P<0.001)、IL-5(t=13.81,P<0.001)和IL-8(t=8.642,P<0.001)含量显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P>0.05);Western Boltting检测结果表明,在CRSwNP组中ERK5蛋白表达水平显著高于对照组中ERK5蛋白表达水平(灰度比1.21±0.16 vs 0.36±0.04,P<0.01,n=37);Pearson相关性检验分析结果表明,CRSwNP组患者ERK5蛋白表达与TNF-α(r=0.521,P=0.001)及IL-8(r=0.479,P=0.003)呈显著正相关。 结论 ERK5蛋白在CRSwNP患者中高水平表达,且与TNF-α及IL-8呈显著正相关关系。     

Nod1与Nod2模式识别受体在鼻息肉发病中的作用

目的探讨核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域(nucleotide binding oligomerization do main,NOD)模式识别受体(pattern recognition receptor,PRR)Nod1、Nod2在鼻息肉发病中的作用。方法分别采用免疫组织化学及Western-blot检测Nod1、Nod2蛋白在20例鼻息肉组织中的表达,同时以19例正常下鼻甲黏膜作对照;ELISA检测鼻息肉组织和下鼻甲黏膜组织中白细胞介素4(IL-4)的含量。结果 Western-blot结果提示:鼻息肉组织Nod1表达高于对照组,两组Nod2无明显差异。免疫组织化学示两种模式受体在两组中均有表达,主要表达于黏膜上皮细胞、腺体上皮、炎性细胞(如嗜酸性粒细胞)中,但Nod1在鼻息肉中表达强于对照组(P<0.05),Nod2在两组中的表达差异无统计学意义。ELISA检测示鼻息肉组织匀浆液IL-4高于正常下鼻甲黏膜组织,(P<0.05)。结论在鼻息肉组织中,Nod1表达增强,说明Nod1有可能参与鼻息肉的发病。     

鼻息肉患者和正常人群鼻腔真菌调查分析

目的：探讨鼻息肉患者和正常人群鼻腔真菌分布情况。方法：选择青岛地区慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者70例作为观察组、正常志愿者50例作为对照组,在无菌条件下分别取其鼻息肉表面分泌物和中鼻甲、中鼻道分泌物,即行涂片镜检及真菌培养,观察结果。结果：(1) 观察组、对照组的鼻腔分泌物真菌培养阳性率分别为51.0%、37.7%,涂片镜检真菌阳性率分别为41.4%、34.0%;(2)在培养出的真菌中,曲霉菌属占67.4%。结论：（1）青岛地区鼻息肉患者和正常人群鼻腔真菌镜检及培养阳性率相似,差异无统计学意义;（2）在培养出的真菌中以曲霉菌属为主。     

雌二醇受体在鼻息肉组织的表达及其意义

为估价雌二醇（estradiol，E2）对鼻息肉发生的作用，对84例鼻息肉（男40例，女44例）、6例慢性肥厚性鼻炎（男2例，女4例）和4例正常鼻粘膜（男2例，女2例）的病理蜡块标本行免疫组化染色，以检测E2受体在各组织内的表达，并以子宫内膜组织作为对照。同时对鼻息肉标本行甲苯胺蓝染色，以检测肥大细胞的分布。结果发现61例鼻息肉组织有E2受体阳性细胞，且与性别无关。慢性鼻炎和正常鼻粘膜有E2受体阳性细胞者分别为2例和1例。E2受体阳性细胞与肥大细胞的形态、分布颇为类似，可能为同一细胞。结果提示E2对鼻息肉的发生有值得注意的作用。     

应用PCR技术研究真菌在鼻息肉及鼻窦炎发病中的作用

目的：探讨真菌在慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者中的致病作用。方法：采用PCR方法分别检测66例慢性鼻窦炎患者（鼻窦炎组）生理盐水冲洗前、后的鼻息肉及鼻窦黏膜的真菌,同时检测21例正常志愿者（对照组）的鼻腔分泌物中的真菌,应用Y。检验比较其差异性。结果：鼻息肉组真菌阳性率：息肉为89．2％,黏膜为89．4％,分别与对照组（66．7％）比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）;用生理盐水冲洗后,鼻息肉组真菌阳性率：息肉为7．14％,黏膜为2．63％,分别与冲洗前比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。结论：真菌在鼻息肉和鼻窦炎的发病中可能发挥重要作用,PCR技术在真菌检测中有重要意义。     

嗜酸性粒细胞及IL5在上颌窦后鼻孔息肉与鼻息肉中表达的差异

目的 通过对比上颌窦后鼻孔息肉(ACP)、伴变应性鼻炎的鼻息肉(NPwAR)及不伴变应性鼻炎的鼻息肉(NPsAR)组织中嗜酸性粒细胞浸润及IL5的表达水平,探讨嗜酸性粒细胞及IL5在不同鼻腔炎性疾病发生中作用的差异。 方法 对10例ACP、9例NPwAR及14例NPsAR组织切片行H&E染色,对嗜酸性粒细胞的浸润进行计数;提取组织总RNA,通过实时荧光定量核酸扩增检测系统(QPCR)对组织中IL5的mRNA表达水平进行检测。 结果 嗜酸性粒细胞在ACP中的浸润显著低于NPwAR(P<0.001),嗜酸性粒细胞在ACP中浸润百分比的中位数低于NPsAR,但两者间差异无统计学意义;嗜酸性粒细胞在NPwAR中的表达水平显著高于NPsAR(P<0.05)。在ACP组织中IL5的mRNA表达水平显著低于NPsAR(P<0.05)和NPwAR(P=0.001),且NPsAR组织中IL5的mRNA表达水平显著低于NPwAR(P<0.05)。 结论 ACP与NP的发病机制有所不同。嗜酸性粒细胞及IL5参与了NP的发病过程,并与变应性鼻炎的发生密切相关,但在ACP的形成中可能未起到重要作用。     

鼻息肉上皮细胞增殖活性和凋亡活性的比较

目的 探讨鼻息肉上皮细胞增殖和凋亡平衡状态及其发病学意义。方法 实验组（鼻息肉组）29例,对照组（下鼻甲组）11例,采用免疫组化染色法检测增殖细胞核抗原（proliferation cell nuclear antigen, PCNA）的表达。采用TUNEL过氧化酶原位标记法检测原位细胞凋亡。结果 ①鼻息肉上皮PCNA 阳性细胞指数（PIPCNA）和凋亡细胞指数（AI）均大于下鼻甲（30.02±5.89,5.33±2.79）(两者P＜0.01),但鼻息肉上皮PIPCNA/AI值（1.95±0.66）小于下鼻甲（6.93±3.32）(P＜0.01)。②鼻息肉上皮PIPCNA（53.60±11.10） 大于AI（29.48±8.20）(P＜0.01)。结论 鼻息肉上皮细胞增殖活性和凋亡活性均增强,凋亡活性增强幅度较大,但总的来说,鼻息肉上皮细胞增殖率仍然大于细胞凋亡率,细胞累积增多,导致了鼻息肉上皮细胞的过度增殖。     

慢性鼻窦炎伴或不伴鼻息肉患者血清嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白水平的比较

目的 比较慢性鼻窦炎伴有鼻息肉（CRSwNP）和不伴鼻息肉（CRSsNP）患者中血清嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白（ECP）水平的差异。方法 采用ImmunoCAP100E系统,检测99例CRSwNP患者和59例CRSsNP患者的血清ECP水平,并与健康对照组84例比较。结果 三组间血清ECP水平的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,其中CRSwNP组明显高于健康对照组（P＜0.01）,尤其是中-重度患者与健康对照组比较血清ECP水平显著升高（P＜0.01）。但CRSwNP组与CRSsNP组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;两组轻度与中-重度患者之间分别进行比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 嗜酸粒细胞性炎症反应在慢性鼻窦炎伴或不伴鼻息肉的发病中可能均发挥了作用,但疾病的严重程度与炎性指标ECP的血清浓度之间未见明显相关性,有待进一步探讨。     

鼻息肉组织中血管内皮细胞的定量研究

摘要］目的：探讨鼻息肉中微血管生成准确定量的新方法，了解糖皮质激素对鼻息肉中CD34的表达及微血管密度的影响。方法：采用抗CD34单克隆抗体标记法检测了13例鼻息肉组织和11例鼻喷布地奈德的鼻息肉中CD34蛋白的表达，同时应用流式细胞仪行定量分析，与免疫组化法测定的MVD比较，对CD34阳性血管行MVD计数，并了解微血管的分布情况。结果：流式细胞术表明，鼻息肉组与激素治疗组平均检测值（%）差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。相关分析提示，流式细胞术测定血管内皮细胞百分率与免疫组化测定的MVD相关（r=0.675， P=0.011）。结论：糖皮质激素可能通过调控CD34蛋白，抑制血管内皮生长，这可能为阐明糖皮质激素治疗鼻息肉的机制提供了新的研究方向。也提示流式细胞术可准确、快速、定量地测定鼻息肉组织中血管内皮细胞，这为了解鼻息肉生物学特性提供了较准确的信息和检测指标，为预测其预后和可能的抗血管治疗提供了可靠的依据。