布洛芬明胶微球的制备工艺

【目的】研究布洛芬明胶微球(IBU-GMs)的制备工艺,并考察微球的质量。【方法】以天然的生物可降解明胶为载体,采用乳化交联法用不同凝聚剂制备布洛芬明胶微球。用光学显微镜观察微球表面形态,并对IBU-GMs的粒径大小、分布、载药量及包封率进行考察。【结果】采用复合凝聚剂所制布洛芬明胶微球形态圆整,大小均匀,表面光滑,载药量为23.44%,包封率为84.62%。【结论】制备工艺稳定可行,微球质量较高。     

正交设计优化吗啡明胶微球的制备工艺

目的通过正交设计筛选出吗啡明胶微球的最佳制备工艺。方法以微球粒径分布、载药量、包封率等为指标,采用正交设计法优化微球的制备工艺。结果微球形态良好,粒径符合要求,平均载药量为20．94％,包封率为86．27％,重现性良好。结论采用正交实验完成了吗啡明胶微球的制备工艺优化。     

红霉素明胶微球制备工艺研究

目的通过正交设计筛选出制备红霉素明胶微球的最佳工艺。方法测定红霉素明胶微球的平均粒径、载药量、包封率,并对工艺重现性进行研究。结果红霉素明胶微球的形态圆整,且药物确已包裹在微球中,微球的平均粒径为(14.15±0.20)μm,载药量(5.83±0.38)%,包封率为(65.70±0.56)%,7-28μm占总数的90.16%以上,最佳工艺条件重现性良好。结论获得了制备红霉素明胶微球较为满意的工艺。 更多还原     

阿霉素明胶微球的制备及体外释药特性

目的对阿霉素明胶微球(ADM-GMS)的制备工艺及体外释药特性进行研究.方法用乳化交联法制备阿霉素明胶微球,采用正交试验设计法考察影响制备工艺的各因素.用扫描电镜观察微球表面形态.并对阿霉素明胶微球的粒径大小及其分布、载药量、包封率、体外释药、稳定性等进行了测定.结果微球形态圆整,大小均匀、表面光滑,平均粒径为69.154μm,87.32%的微球粒径分布在50～120μm.微球平均载药量为2.13%,包封率为42.62%.微球体外降解和释药特性满足要求,且37℃下性质稳定.结论该制备工艺稳定,制得的阿霉素明胶微球有望成为临床用动脉栓塞术治疗癌症的新制剂.     

用于被动肺靶向的异烟肼明胶微球的制备及表征

目的 用生物可降解材料明胶制备肺靶向异烟肼明胶微球。方法 用乳化法制备异烟肼明胶微球,正交试验优化其制备的因素;用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和红外光谱法(IR)确证微球的形成;用正置荧光显微镜观察微球的形态;并对异烟肼明胶微球的粒径及其分布、载药量、包封率和稳定性等进行研究。结果 最佳工艺条件,重现性好,微球形态圆整,药物确己存于微球中;粒径在5.0~25.0 μm的微球占总数的90%以上,平均粒径为15.63 μm,达到肺靶向要求;载药量和包封率分别为14.93%和73.30%。常温放置6个月,其外观形态、大小及含量基本不变。结论 制备异烟肼明胶微球的工艺简单稳定,可用于肺靶向注射剂的研究。     

正交试验法优化他莫昔芬磁性微球处方工艺

目的:通过正交设计法筛选出制备他莫昔芬磁性微球的最佳处方工艺。方法:采用乳化化学交联-二步法制备他莫昔芬磁性微球,以载药量和包封率双项综合评分为考察指标,采用正交试验L9(34),考察水油比、Fe粉与明胶质量比、药物浓度对微球载药量和包封率的影响。结果:最优处方工艺为水油比8∶80,Fe粉与明胶质量比1∶20,药物浓度180mg/L。按优化处方工艺制备的磁性微球平均载药量和包封率分别为13.1%和88.7%,重现性良好。结论:确立的他莫昔芬磁性微球的处方工艺切实可行,为他莫昔芬新剂型的制备提供了实验依据。     

含依诺沙星微球的改性明胶膜的制备及体外释药性研究

目的制备含有依诺沙星微球的改性明胶膜,并研究其体外释药性。方法以乳化交联法制备依诺沙星明胶微球,以微球粒径、载药量、包封率为指标,应用正交试验优选微球的最佳制备工艺后,将载药微球分散到改性明胶膜中,对比普通载药膜测定其在pH 7.4磷酸盐缓冲液中的释放性。结果以最优工艺制备的依诺沙星微球外观圆整,分布均匀,平均粒径为(3.04±0.25)μm,>80%微球粒径分布在1~6μm,微球平均载药量为(11.8±1.02)%,平均包封率为(78.24±3.18)%,载药微球膜和普通药膜中依诺沙星累积释放约80%各需96h和8h。结论依诺沙星微球制备工艺稳定可行,载药微球改性明胶膜体外释放缓慢,有望开发为具有长效抗菌效果的创伤性敷料。     

肺靶向阿霉素微球的制备及其特性研究

目的制备肺靶向阿霉素明胶微球(ADM-GMS)并考察其特性。方法采用天然可生物降解的明胶为载体材料,液体石蜡为油相,乳化化学交联法制备阿霉素明胶微球。结果微球形态圆整,平均粒径10.8μm,5-15μm的微球占总数的85.5%,载药量为4.05%,包封率为42.3%,体外释药具有缓释特征,(25±2)℃、RH=60%条件下放置6个月,其稳定性良好。结论微球的粒径、形态、堆密度、流动性、载药量和包封率、体外释药性能及稳定性等基本符合肺部靶向的要求。     

正交法筛选莪术油微球制备工艺

目的通过正交设计法筛选出制备符合肝动脉栓塞要求的莪术油明胶微球的最佳工艺。方法以微球粒径、分布、栽药量、包封率等为指标,采用正交设计法优化微球的制备工艺。结果按优化工艺参数制备的微球外观形态良好,粒径符舍肝动脉栓塞的要求,平均载药量为9．45％,包封率为32．34％,平均收率为85,19％,重现性良好。结论确立的莪术油微球的制备工艺切实可行。      

阿奇霉素聚乳酸微球的制备及其体外释药特性的研究

以聚乳酸为载体材料制备阿奇霉素微球(AZM MS)并考察其体外释药特性。方法：采用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备AZM MS,并对其形态、粒径、包封率、结构和质量、体外释药特性等进行研究。结果：微球外观形态为类球形实体,粒径分布较均匀,平均粒径dav=(20.8±0.5)?μm,三批载药微球的包封率为(68.3±1.28)%;体外释药符合Higuchi方程,差示扫描热分析证明微球的形成。结论：本实验筛选的最佳处方工艺可制备性质优良的阿奇霉素肺靶向聚乳酸微球。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.