肺隐球菌病5例临床病理分析

隐球菌病由新型隐球菌引起，最常见的临床型是脑膜炎，其次为肺、皮肤及其它脏器。肺隐球菌病在外检中有时可见，常常是因影像学呈占位性改变疑为肺肿瘤行手术切除。１材料和方法收集１９８１～１９９６年手术切除且病理确诊的５例肺隐球菌病，所有患者均因疑为“肺癌或肺...     

肺隐球菌病三例

例 1男 ,46岁。持续咳嗽伴左下肺阴影 1月余。于 1994年 1月 3 1日入院。胸片示左下肺阴影 ;Ｂ超示左侧胸壁实质性病灶 ;定位经皮穿刺抽出淡黄色胸液约 2ｍｌ,胸液涂片阴性。临床诊断为左下肺恶性肿瘤。于 1994年 2月 2 8日行左下叶切除。病理检查 :左下叶 14 0ｃｍ× 13 0ｃｍ× 6 5ｃｍ ,胸膜增厚黏连 ,左下叶基底段实变病灶 3 5ｃｍ× 4 5ｃｍ× 1 5ｃｍ ,灰黄色 ,质中等 ,伴少量碳沫沉着。镜下观察 :由大量上皮样细胞及多核巨细胞构成肉芽肿性病变 ,大多数巨细胞胞质内成堆分布圆形空泡状隐球菌菌体 ,荚膜清晰 ,肉芽肿之间少量血管间…     

肺隐球菌病25例临床病理分析

目的探讨肺隐球菌病(PC)的临床和病理特征及其鉴别诊断。方法对25例PC手术标本进行常规HE染色及淀粉酶消化后过碘酸雪夫(D-PAS)、黏液卡红(MC)和Gorcott六胺银(GMS)特殊染色,观察PC在组织中的形态特点,并结合相关文献进行讨论。结果25例中,男16例,女9例,年龄18～52岁,平均36岁。人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体(HIV-Ab)阳性3例。胸部影像学检查:18例表现为单发或多发肺部结节,7例表现为片状实变影。25例均经胸腔镜活检手术切除,病理检查确诊。HE染色:多核巨细胞内外见大量淡蓝色圆形或卵圆形隐球菌菌体,具有折光性强的胶样荚膜;D-PAS、MC及GMS特殊染色:隐球菌菌体呈紫红色、鲜红色和黑色,更清晰。结论PC多由新型隐球菌引起,其临床及影像学表现缺乏特异性,易误诊和漏诊;组织病理学检查及特殊染色,PC具有典型的形态结构,是确诊本病的重要手段。     

隐球菌荚膜多糖抗原检测对不同免疫功能状态的肺隐球菌病诊断价值研究

探讨隐球菌荚膜多糖抗原检测对不同免疫功能状态的肺隐球菌病患者的诊断价值。收集51例肺隐球菌病患者的临床资料,分析隐球菌荚膜多糖抗原检测的敏感度和特异性,同时分析对不同免疫功能状态诊断敏感度的差异。51例肺隐球菌病患者,其中阳性42例,阴性9例,敏感度82.4%,特异性100.0%。诊断的敏感度与患者的性别、年龄无关,而...     

肺隐球菌病17例临床病理分析

目的探讨肺隐球菌病(pulmonary cryptococcosis,PC)的临床病理学特征及鉴别诊断,提高对PC的认识。方法对17例PC进行光镜、组织化学染色及电镜观察,并结合其临床资料进行分析。结果17例患者中男性12例,女性5例,发病年龄5~67岁,主要症状为咳嗽,咳痰,发热,胸痛,头痛等。光镜下,见非干酪性肉芽肿形成,多核巨细胞和巨噬细胞胞质内及间质中可见薄壁圆形或卵圆形空泡状小体,PAS染色呈红色。电镜观察,隐球菌均有荚膜形成,荚膜与细胞壁之间有明显透明带,结构较简单,细胞器不发达。结论PC是由新型隐球菌感染引起的一种非常少见的肺部真菌病,其临床及影像学表现缺乏特异性,诊断主要依靠病理形态学特征、组织化学染色及电镜观察。     

非HIV肺隐球菌病组织病理与CT影像比对

目的:通过对肺隐球菌病CT影像与组织病理的比对分析,提高对肺隐球菌的认识和诊断的准确性.方法:本研究纳入复旦大学附属华山医院2010年1月至2019年12月经胸部CT发现、视频辅助胸腔镜手术(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)切除、术后病理确诊的53例肺隐球菌病患者.通...     

肺隐球菌病漏诊原因分析

目的 探讨病理(含术中冷冻切片)漏诊肺隐球菌病(pulmonary cryptococcosis,PC)的原因,以提高病理诊断水平.方法 回顾7例PC的临床、病理资料及其病理诊断过程.结果 7例PC中有5例病理漏诊:(1)3例活检常规石蜡切片分别初诊为"脂质肉芽肿"、"纤维肉芽组织"和"慢性炎症";1例术中冷冻切片"考虑为结核病",冷冻切片检查后相应石蜡切片改诊为"肺隐球菌病";另1例术中冷冻切片诊为"结节病",相应石蜡切片仍误诊为"结节病".(2)病理漏诊的5例PC中,4例皆被及时纠正,得以正确治疗;1例术中冷冻切片及其常规石蜡切片皆被诊为"结节病"并于2个月后继发隐球菌性脑膜炎.结论 病理漏诊PC的原因:①未虑及肉芽肿形态的多样性及其可能的病因相关性;②未将PC列入病理鉴别诊断思路;③观察镜下病变不仔细、忽视微细病变的诊断提示意义.术中冷冻切片可及时诊断PC,有助于避免过度治疗.需重视结节病与结核病、隐球菌病等感染性肉芽肿的病理鉴别诊断,应慎诊结节病.     

全身播散性隐球菌病1例

全身播散性隐球菌病１例林德广，唐治蓉，吴才良，周成珍患者女，１７岁。全身乏力、纳差２月加重，伴头痛、呕吐３ｄ入院。检查：慢性病容，皮肤、巩膜轻度黄染，肝肋下７ｃｍ，剑下５ｃｍ，有触痛。脾肋缘下可扪及。颈强直，克氏征（＋）．实验室检查：血ＷＢＣ１６．２...     

新型隐球菌性脑膜脑炎3例

例１：６岁，患黄疸型肝炎１年半，长期低热，食欲不振，消瘦，近月肺Ｘ线检查示有小儿型肺结核。出现颈强直、颅压高，脊髓液检查细胞数３．０×１０８·Ｌ－１，均为淋巴细胞，蛋白（）。临床诊断为肝炎后肝硬化和结核性脑膜炎。经治疗无效死亡。病理检查：脑膜增厚，...     

荧光染色在隐球菌病石蜡包埋组织中的应用

正隐球菌广泛存在于土壤、鸽粪和树洞中,为条件致病菌[1]。随着HIV感染、抗生素以及免疫抑制剂使用的增加,隐球菌感染逐渐增多。该病主要侵犯中枢神经系统和肺脏,其次是皮肤、肾脏等,起病隐匿,临床表现复杂多样,易误、漏诊[2-4]。隐球菌感染的治疗与早期正确的诊断密切相关。近年荧光染色在真菌感染的检测中应用越来越多,但多集中在浅部真菌或体液等新鲜样本的涂片检测[5-6],在石蜡包埋组织中的应用却鲜有报道。本文收集12例病理诊断的隐球菌病,探索     

Clinicopathological features of pulmonary cryptococcosis with cryptococcal titan cells: a comparative analysis of 27 cases

In addition to the typical size, Cryptococcus neoformans can enlarge its size to form titan cells during infection, and its diameter can reach up to 100 μm. Clinical reports about cryptococcal titan cells are rare. Most studies focus on aspects of animal models of infection with titan cells. Herein, we report the clinical and imaging characteristics and histopathologic features of 3 patients with titan cells and 27 patients with pathogens of typical size, and describe the morphological characteristics of titan cells in details. Histologically, 3 patients with titan cells show necrosis, fibrosis and macrophage accumulation. The titan cells appear in necrotic tissue and between macrophages, and have thick wall with unstained halo around them and diameters range from 20 to 80 μm with characteristic of narrow-necked single budding. There are also organisms with typical size. All 27 patients with normal pathogens show epithelioid granulomatous lesions. There is no significantly difference in clinical and imaging feature between the two groups. Cryptococcus neoformans exhibits a striking morphological change for the formation of titan cells during pulmonary infection, which will result in misdiagnosis and under diagnosis. The histopathological changes may be new manifestation, which need to be further confirmed by the study with animal models of infection and the observation of more clinical cases. Careful observation of the tissue sections is necessary.     

肺郎格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症的病理诊断及鉴别诊断

目的 探讨肺郎格汉斯(Langerhans)细胞组织细胞增生症诊断和鉴别诊断。方法 常规HE染色及免疫组织化学链霉素抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶(SP)法染色观察7例肺郎格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症的形态学及S-100、CD68、CD1a免疫组织化学表达特点并分析其临床资料。结果 7例均可见明确郎格汉斯细胞性肉芽肿改变,并可见中等量炎细胞浸润、局灶间质纤维化及灶性坏死。免疫组织化学阳性检出情况分别为S-100 7／7、CD68 3／7、CD1a 5／5。结论 临床及影像学检查(X线及CT)怀疑郎格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症患者应尽早行开胸或胸腔镜肺活组织检查,病理学确诊对肺郎格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症的治疗和控制其发展有很重要作用,免疫组织化学S-100及CD1a染色对鉴别诊断有意义。     

Primary pulmonary chondrosarcomas: a clinicopathologic study of 4 cases

Malignant cartilaginous tumors of the lung are unusual, and although their occurrence has been reported in the literature in some cases, their separation from other benign cartilaginous tumors of the lung can be very difficult. Four cases of primary chondrosarcomas of the lung are presented. The patients are 2 men and 2 women between the ages of 51 and 69 years. Clinically, the most common symptoms were chest pain, dyspnea, and cough. Two tumors were centrally located, whereas 2 tumors were peripheral. Complete surgical resection was accomplished in all the patients. Histologically, 2 tumors were low grade of the hyaline type, whereas 2 tumors were predominantly myxoid chondrosarcomas. In the 2 myxoid chondrosarcomas immunohistochemical studies for keratin, desmin, smooth muscle actin, and CD31 were negative, whereas S-100 protein shows focal positive staining in both cases. Follow-up showed that one patient with low-grade tumor was alive and well at 36 months, whereas one patient with myxoid chondrosarcoma died 45 days after diagnosis because of surgical complications. Two additional patients were lost to follow-up. Our study highlights the ubiquitous distribution of chondrosarcomas and the histopathologic spectrum that these tumors may show when occurring in the lung.     

肺泡蛋白沉积症的病理学特点与诊断

目的探讨肺泡蛋白沉积症（PAP）的病理学特点及其诊断方法。方法对39例PAP进行了常规的光镜观察,并用淀粉酶消化后过碘酸雪夫染色（D—PAS）、淀粉酶消化后黏液卡红（D-黏卡）、奥新兰（AB）进行组织化学染色。结果肺活检及尸检肺组织的病理改变有如下特点：（1）肺泡腔内及部分小支气管腔内充满嗜伊红性细颗粒状蛋白性物质,并有针状裂隙。（2）蛋白性物质中杂有多少不等的退变的肺泡上皮细胞及脱落的肺泡上皮细胞。（3）肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞增生。（4）肺泡间隔毛细血管充血,间质炎症不明显。（5）支气管壁炎症不明显。（6）周围肺组织代偿性肺气肿。支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）石蜡包埋切片显微镜下可见片状嗜伊红性细颗粒状蛋白性物质,其中可见针状裂隙。组织化学染色结果肺泡腔内或BALF中嗜伊红性细颗粒状蛋白性物质D—PAS阳性（呈红色）,D-黏卡阴性,AB弱阳性（淡蓝色）或阴性。肺活检及BALF取得标本是诊断PAP的重要方法和途径。结论典型的PAP肺泡腔内或BALF中出现均质嗜伊红性细颗粒状蛋白性物质并有针状裂隙,蛋白性物质D—PAS阳性,D-黏卡阴性具有诊断意义。     

宫颈不典型微腺性增生的临床病理特点及鉴别诊断

目的：探讨宫颈不典型微腺性增生（MGH）的临床病理特征及其鉴别诊断。方法：观察3例宫颈不典型MGH的临床病理特点,并进行组化和免疫组化染色分析。结果：病 年龄22－35岁,3例中1例为足月孕,1例已婚孕并有口服避孕药史。病人无明显症状而于查体时发现宫颈息肉样物,最大径不超过2cm,组织学特点为上皮细胞增生呈7实性片状和网状结构,细胞胞质嗜酸性,透明状或粘液样,少数呈印戒样,中度核异型,核分裂象0－1个／10HPF,可找到灶性典型的MGH。免疫组化染色CEA阴性,2例分别于1年和2年后情况良好。结论：宫颈不典型MGH是储备细胞增生向腺体分化不充分的形态表现,有必要熟悉此特殊类型及其相关病变,避免误诊和漏诊。     

普通型间质性肺炎的形态学表现和病理诊断

目的 探讨普通型间质性肺炎(UIP)的病理形态特点,以及开胸肺活组织检查的意义和适应证。方法 对5例UIP(尸解1例和肺活检4例)的HE及组织化学染色的病理形态、以及临床、影像学和预后的资料进行分析。结果 其病理表现有肺泡间质炎、成纤维细胞灶、间质纤维化和蜂窝肺,并伴细支气管上皮化生和Ⅱ型细胞增生,以及灶性肺泡内巨细胞聚集。上述改变为不均匀的分布。结论 UIP的病理特点为低倍镜下的形态不一致性,并且为新老病变共存。对于影像表现不典型和能耐受开胸手术的患者,开胸肺活组织检查的病理诊断是必要的。但UIP的病理诊断过程要密切结合临床和影像学的检查。     

Clinical and mycological profile of cryptococcosis in a tertiary care hospital

This study examined the extent of cryptococcosis in clinically diagnosed cases of meningitis in HIV-1 seropositive and apparently immunocompetent patients. One hundred and forty-six samples, obtained from 126 chronic meningitis patients comprised of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, sputum and urine. The samples were processed by standard microbiological procedures. Cryptococcal isolates were identified by microscopy, cultural characteristics, melanin production on niger seed agar and hydrolysis of urea. The isolates were further speciated on cannavanine glycine bromothymol blue (CGB) media. Cryptococcal antigen detection of CSF samples was performed by latex agglutination test (LAT). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amphotericin B for the isolates was also tested. Cryptococcosis was diagnosed in 13 patients (eight HIV-1 seropositive and five apparently immunocompetent). Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans was the predominant isolate. Cryptococcal antigen was detected in all, whereas microscopy could detect yeast cells in nine patients. The isolates were sensitive to amphotericin B. CD4 cell counts ranged from 8 to 96/cu mm. The study concludes that all CSF samples with clinical diagnosis of subacute and chronic meningitis should be subjected to tests for detection of Cryptococcus in clinical laboratory irrespective of the immune status.