妊娠期糖尿病血硒及胎盘硒水平变化与胎盘组织学改变的研究

目的探讨妊娠妇女血硒及胎盘硒水平与妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）患者胎盘组织形态学改变的关系。方法检测GDM患者30例（GDM组）及正常妊娠妇女30例（对照组）血硒和胎盘硒水平,并对GDM及正常妊娠妇女各10例胎盘组织进行病理学观察。结果（1）GDM组孕妇血硒及胎盘硒含量分别为0.0620±0.022mg/L、0.4854±0.085mg/kg明显低于对照组的0.0783±0.0209mg/L、0.5473±0.0842mg/kg,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。（2）GDM组孕妇血硒与胎盘硒含量成显著正相关（r=0.639,P〈0.001）,对照组血硒与胎盘硒水平无明显相关。（3）GDM组胎盘组织病理观察可见绒毛水肿,干绒毛小动脉管壁增厚,管腔狭窄,合体细胞结节增多,细胞滋养叶细胞及血管合体膜形成增加;对照组未见明显上述病理改变。结论妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血及胎盘组织中硒的缺乏可能与妊娠期糖尿的发生有关;硒是抗氧化物酶-谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）的活性成分,GDM患者胎盘硒水平降低,可导致胎盘GSH-Px活性下降,发生脂质过氧化反应,破坏胎盘生物膜结构,可能与GDM患者胎盘组织病理改变有关。     

含硒藻蓝蛋白抗小鼠实验性肝损伤的作用

目的:观察含硒藻蓝蛋白(Se-SPC)对四氯化碳(CCl₄)致小鼠急性肝损伤的拮抗作用。方法:以2%CCl₄油灌胃复制小鼠急性肝损伤模型,各组分别腹腔注射Se-SPC、藻蓝蛋白(SPC)、无机硒(Se)7d,测定血及肝组织中Se、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、一氧化氮(NO)水平,分析Se-SPC、SPC、无机Se对上述指标的影响。结果:Se-SPC组比CCl₄组血和肝中Se、GPx、SOD水平显著增高(P<0.05),血ALT、血和肝中MDA及NO₂^-/NO₃^-水平显著降低(P＜0.05),高剂量Se-SPC组对Se含量、GPx、MDA、NO₂^-/NO₃^-等指标的影响更为显著(P＜0.01),在相同蛋白或硒剂量下,Se-SPC组比SPC组和无机Se组对上述指标作用更大。相关分析发现小鼠血Se水平与GPx活性呈显著正相关(r=0.705),血GPx活性与MDA、NO₂^-/NO₃^-、ALT水平呈明显负相关(r=－0.629,r=－0.336,r=－0.457),血ALT活性与MDA及NO₂^-/NO₃^-呈显著正相关(r=0.519,r=0.641)。结论:Se-SP可能结合增高硒酶活性及抗炎双重功效,对CCl₄致小鼠肝脏的氧化损伤具有拮抗作用。     

A method to reduce glutathione peroxidase levels in primary endothelial cell cultures

The purpose of this study was to develop culture conditions that would reduce glutathione peroxidase activity in bovine mammary endothelial cells. Conditions of reduce glutathione peroxidase activity were produced in vitro by culturing cells in selenium-deficient media. Low selenium levels were achieved by reducing serum concentrations; however, levels of essential growth factors also were reduced by this method. Therefore, cell proliferation was promoted by supplementation with combinations of defined serum components including insulin, transferrin, linoleic acid, bovine brain extract, and human epidermal growth factor. Out of seven different formulas tested, F12K medium containing 2% fetal bovine serum, insulin, transferrin, and linoleic acid was found to be conducive for cell proliferation. Upon confluence, endothelial cells cultured under these conditions consistently displayed short passage rates, consistent cell numbers, and classic cobblestone morphology when grown in the presence or absence of supplemental selenium. Additionally, these cells retained typical endothelial cell characteristics such as uptake of 1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindo-carb ocyanine perchlorate acetylated low-density lipoprotein and the expression of cell adhesion molecules and von Willebrand Factor.     

Genetic association between CD86 polymorphisms and the risk of sepsis in a Chinese Han population

Background

Sepsis is a clinical syndrome that is frequently observed after injury or infection, representing a leading cause of mortality worldwide. CD86 (B7-2) is a co-stimulatory molecule on antigen-presenting cells, and plays critical roles in immune responses.

Selenium and myocardial infarction: Glutathione peroxidase in platelets

Summary The activity of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) was determined in platelets of 15 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 13 control subjects. The platelets of the patients had significantly lower activities of the enzyme (P(t)>0.99). This may be related to the pathogenesis of the disease.     

Zinc and selenium status in cows with dermatophytosis

Dermatophytosis (ringworm), an infection of the superficial keratinized structures of the skin and hair, is the most common contagious skin disease in cattle. The infectious diseases caused by dermatophytes are mainly related to the enzymes product by these fungi. Conversely, elements such as zinc and selenium are involved in the regulation of immune responses to infection. There are rare reports about the possible role of zinc and selenium concentration in the pathogenesis of cattle dermatophytosis. Thus, this study was conducted in a humid area of Iran on 35 healthy and 35 infected cows. After diagnosis confirmation by direct microscopic examination and fungi isolation via inoculation on Sabouraud dextrose agar using skin scrap and broken hair samples of infected cows, the zinc and selenium concentration of serum and hair in both groups were determined by potentiometric stripping analyzer and atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively. Results showed that serum concentration of selenium and zinc in cattle with dermatophytosis were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the healthy ones. Although hair concentration of selenium and zinc in infected cattle were lower than the healthy ones, the differences were not significant (P > 0.05). In conclusion, it seems that zinc and selenium have a determinant role in immune status and the response of animal’s immunity system to dermatophytosis.     

纳米硒对断奶仔猪肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和脱碘酶I活性的影响

研究了纳米硒和亚硒酸钠对断奶仔猪肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和脱碘酶活性的影响。将纳米硒和亚硒酸钠2种硒源分别以0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、1.0 mg/kg 6个硒水平添加到基础日粮中,配制成12种试验日粮,基础日粮作对照,饲养“杜长大”断奶仔猪(8.3 kg左右)。结果表明:以亚硒酸钠形式添加的硒浓度为1.0 mg/kg时,仔猪生长性能和GSH-Px活性显著低于0.2~0.4 mg/kg硒添加水平(P<0.05),纳米硒添加浓度为1.0 mg/kg,仔猪生长性能和GSH-Px活性仍然保持在高峰平台;硒源添加浓度为0.10~0.40 mg/kg时,两种硒源对GSH-Px活性的影响无显著差异(P>0.05);在0.50和1.0 mg/kg硒添加水平上,纳米硒组GSH-Px活性显著高于亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05)。基础日粮组肝脏脱碘酶活性显著低于各硒源的添加水平(P<0.05),硒源和硒添加水平对脱碘酶活性没有显著影响(P>0.05)。上述结果提示:纳米硒的Weinberg剂量-效应的最适剂量范围宽于亚硒酸钠。     

Disbalance of calcium regulation-related genes in broiler hearts induced by selenium deficiency

Dietary selenium (Se) deficiency may influence the calcium (Ca) homeostasis in broilers. Our objective was to investigate the effects of Se deficiency on Ca regulation-related genes in broiler hearts. In the present study, 1-day-old broilers were fed either a commercial diet (as control group) with 0.15?mg/kg Se or a Se-deficient diet (as L group) with 0.033?mg/kg Se for 35 days. We examined the mRNA expression levels of 15 Ca regulation-related genes (ITPR 1, ITPR 2, ITPR3, RyR2, RyR3, SERCA1s, SLC8A1, PMCA1, CACNA1S, TRPC1, TRPC3, stromal interacting molecule 1, ORAI1, calmodulin (CaLM) and calreticulin (CRT) in broiler hearts. Then, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, protein–protein interactions (PPI) analysis and correlation analysis were performed to analyse the relationships between these genes. The results showed that the mRNA expression levels of ITPR 1, ITPR 2, RyR2, RyR3, SERCA1s, SLC8A1, PMCA1, CACNA1S, CaLM and CRT were generally decreased by Se deficiency, while mRNA expression levels of TRPC1, TRPC3, stromal interacting molecule 1, ORAI1 and ITPR3 were increased by Se deficiency. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and PPI analysis showed that these Ca regulation-related genes are involved in the Ca signalling pathway and a total of 15 PPIs with a combined score of >0.4 were obtained. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that Se deficiency might cause heart injury via modulating the Ca-related pathway genes, and then induce Ca²⁺ overload in the heart of broilers.     

The impact of selenium administration on severe sepsis or septic shock: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

IntroductionThe efficacy of selenium administration to treat severe sepsis or septic shock remains controversial. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the impact of selenium administration on severe sepsis or septic shock.MethodsWe search PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases through May 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of selenium administration on severe sepsis or septic shock. Meta-analysis is performed using the random-effect model.ResultsFive RCTs involving 1482 patients are included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with control group in septic patients, selenium administration is not associated with reduced 28-day mortality (RR=0.93; 95% CI=0.73 to 1.19; P=0.58), but results in substantially decreased all-cause mortality (RR=0.78; 95% CI=0.63 to 0.98; P=0.03) and length of hospital stay (MD=-3.09; 95% CI=-5.68 to -0.50; P=0.02).ConclusionSelenium administration results in notable decrease in all-cause mortality and length of hospital stay, but shows no substantial influence on the 28-day mortality, length of ICU stay, duration of vasopressor therapy, the incidence of acute renal failure, adverse events, and serious adverse events for septic patients.     

胰岛α细胞机能与硒及维生素E关系的研究

目的：研究硒（Ｓｅ） 和维生素Ｅ（ＶＥ） 对胰岛α细胞机能的影响。方法：分别应用天然低Ｓｅ 、人工半合成低Ｓｅ 饲料及膳食低Ｓｅ 基础上注射链脲佐菌素（ＳＴＺ） 方法结合放免分析技术，检测胰岛α细胞合成与分泌胰高糖素机能。结果：天然及人工半合成低Ｓｅ 饲料引起以胰高糖素合成与分泌减退为特点的胰岛α细胞功能异常，补一定剂量的Ｓｅ或／ 和ＶＥ 可促进α细胞分泌活动，且胰高糖素的合成与分泌基本平行。低Ｓｅ 基础上ＳＴＺ 诱导的糖尿病（ ＤＭ） 大鼠，血清胰高糖素含量显著升高，单纯补Ｓｅ 或ＶＥ 不能明显降低其血清胰高糖素水平，只有联合补Ｓｅ 和ＶＥ 才表现了明显的作用，且ＤＭ 状态下，胰高糖素的合成与释放呈不平行状态。结论：Ｓｅ 和ＶＥ 两种抗氧化微量营养素具有维持胰岛α细胞正常机能，并对其病态代谢有一定的调整作用     

Glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities in the aging mouse

Previous results from this laboratory demonstrated that glutathione concentrations decrease in aging mouse tissues. In this investigation glutathione (GSH) peroxidase and glutathione (GSSG) reductase activities were measured in tissues of standardized aging mice. Methods were validated for the quantitative determination of both enzymes in liver, kidney and heart tissues. GSH peroxidase activities were 27-53% lower in liver, kidney and heart of very old (36 months) mice compared to mature (10 months) mice (P less than 0.01). The same aging decreases were found with either hydrogen peroxide or cumene hydroperoxide as substrate. In a similar way GSSG reductase activities in liver and kidney were 25-28% lower in the old versus mature mice (P less than 0.01), but heart levels were unchanged. Further the lower GSSG reductase levels were unaffected by FAD supplementation in vitro. The changes in specific activity for both enzymes were not due to changes in organ weights and total protein contents, which were constant from 10 to 36 months of age. These decreases in GSH peroxidase and GSSG reductase do not account for the lower GSH levels in aging. Of special importance, however, is that these decreases indicate that detoxification via glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase could be impaired in senescence.     

Lysophospholipid acyltransferases in monocyte inflammatory responses and sepsis

Acyltransferases are important in the regulation of membrane phospholipid fatty acyl composition and together with phospholipase A2 enzymes control arachidonic acid incorporation and remodelling within phospholipids. In addition, monocyte and macrophage acyltransferase activity has been shown to respond to various inflammatory cytokines under conditions that can induce enhanced cellular responses. Work in our laboratory indicates that the enzyme lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase may mediate the priming reactions of monocytes to the cytokine interferon-gamma. Our recent studies suggest that this enzyme might also affect the responses of monocytes to the bacterial agent lipopolysaccharide that may be important in the development of sepsis. This article summarises the relationship between monocyte lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase, lipopolysaccharide and sepsis.     

Comparative of clinical performance between next-generation sequencing and standard blood culture diagnostic method in patients suffering from sepsis

BackgroundNext-generation sequencing (NGS) is a massively unbiased sequencing technology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of NGS-based approach in the detection of microorganisms from septic patients and compare with results of blood culture (BC).MethodsThe observational and non-interventional study was conducted from April 2019 to August 2019.ResultsA total of 96 sets of BC and 48 NGS results obtained from 48 septic patients were analyzed in this study. Thirty-two microorganisms (27 bacteria, 3 fungi and 2 viral) were detected by NGS in 23 (47.9%) patients; and 18 bacteria in 18 (37.5%) patients by BC. Exclusion of skin commensals, the positivity of NGS and BC was 62.5% and 14.5%, respectively (P < 0.001). Microorganisms identified by NGS demonstrated positive agreement with BC in 12 (25%) patients, including concordant results in 11 (22.9%) cases, and discrepancy results in 1 (2%). Of 11 patients with concordant results, 4 had additional microorganisms detected by NGS. NGS-positive but BC-negative was found in 9 (18.7%) patients. Using NGS, difficult-to-culture micro-organisms such as Pneumocystic jirovecii was identified in 2 patients, and Leptospira interrogans in one. Six (12.5%) patients with BC-positive but NGS-negative, whereas skin commensals were isolated in 4 (66.6%) cases. The number of patients that were positive by BC only increase from 29% to 47.9% when combining NGS and BC analyses (P = 0.033).ConclusionsOur study support the advantage of NGS for the diagnosis of infecting microorganisms in sepsis, especially for microorganisms that are currently difficult or impossible to culture.     

Interventions for rapid recognition and treatment of sepsis in the emergency department: a narrative review

BackgroundSepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early recognition and treatment of sepsis is associated with improved outcome. The emergency department (ED) is the department where patients with sepsis seek care. However, recognition of sepsis in the ED remains difficult. Different alert and triage systems, screening scores and intervention strategies have been developed to assist clinicians in early recognition of sepsis and to optimize management.ObjectivesThis narrative review describes currently applied interventions or interventions we can start using today, such as screening scores, (automated) triage systems, sepsis teams and clinical pathways in sepsis care; and it summarizes evidence for the effect of implementation of these interventions in the ED on patient management and outcomes.SourcesA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, resulting in 39 eligible studies.ContentThe main sepsis interventions in the ED are (automated) triage systems, sepsis teams and clinical pathways, the most integrative being a clinical pathway. Implementation of any of these interventions in sepsis care will generally lead to increased protocol adherence. Presumably increased adherence to sepsis guidelines and bundles will lead to better patient outcomes, but the level of evidence to support this improvement is low, whereas implementation of interventions is often complex and costly. No studies comparing different interventions were identified. Two essential factors for success of interventions in the ED are obtaining the support from all professionals and providing ongoing education. The vulnerability of these interventions lies in the lack of accurate tools to identify sepsis; diagnosing sepsis ultimately still relies on clinical assessments. A lack of specificity or sepsis alerts may lead to alert fatigue and/or overtreatment.ImplicationsThe severity and poor outcome of sepsis as well as the frequency of its presentation in EDs make a structured, protocol-based approach towards these patients essential, preferably as part of a clinical pathway.     

Differential time-course of the increase of antioxidant thiol-defenses in the acute phase after spinal cord injury in rats

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a world-wide health problem. After traumatic injury, spinal cord tissue starts a series of self-destructive mechanisms, known as the secondary lesion. The leading mechanisms of damage after SCI are excitotoxicity, free radicals’ overproduction, inflammation and apoptosis. Metallothionein (MT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) are low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich peptides able to scavenge free radicals. MT and GSH participation as neuroprotective molecules after SCI is unknown. The aim of the present study is to describe the changes of MT and GSH contents and GSH peroxidase (GPx) activity in the acute phase after SCI in rats. Female Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g were submitted to spinal cord contusion model, by means of a computer-controlled device (NYU impactor). Rats receiving laminectomy were used as a control group. Animals were killed 2, 4, 12 and 24 h after surgery. MT was quantified by the silver-saturation method, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. GSH and GPx were assayed by spectrophotometry. Results indicate an increased MT content by effect of SCI, only at 4 and 24 h, as compared to sham group values. Meanwhile, GSH was found decreased at 4, 12 and 24 h after SCI. Interestingly, GPx activity was raised at all time points, indicating that this enzymatic defense is activated soon after SCI. Results suggest that thiol-based defenses, MT and GSH, are differentially expressed by spinal cord tissue to cope with the various processes of damage after lesion.     

血小板活化因子乙酰水解酶基因Ala379Val、Val279Phe位点多态性与脓毒症易感性相关性研究

目的 探讨血小板活化因子乙酰水解酶( PAF-AH)基因Ala379Val、Val279Phe位点多态性与脓毒症易感性及预后的关系.方法 采用PCR-RFLP技术,分析66例不同程度的脓毒症患者及68名健康对照者PAF-AH基因Ala379Val、Val279Phe位点的多态性,对含有等位基因多态性的片段进行DNA测序分析,SPSS13.0软件进行统计学分析.结果 全部样本经PCR-RFLP分析后,在PAF-AH基因Ala379Val位点3种基因型中,脓毒症组66例中仅1例纯合子Val/Val型,19例杂合子Val/Ala型,46例纯合子Ala/Ala型;对照组68例中2例Val/Val型,22例Val/Ala型,44例Ala/Ala型.Ala379Val基因型及等位基因频率分布在脓毒症组和对照组之间、存活组和死亡组之间尚无统计学意义(P＞0.05).在PAF-AH基因Val279Phe位点3种基因型中,脓毒症组66例中全部为纯合子Val/Val型,对照组68例中仅1例纯合子Phe/Phe型,其余全部为纯合子Val/Val型,未发现杂合子Val/Phe型.Val279Phe基因型及等位基因频率分布在对照组和脓毒症组之间、存活组和死亡组之间尚无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 PAF-AH基因Ala379Val、Val279Phe位点多态性存在蛋白质一级结构差异的较大可能,与脓毒症易感性、预后可能不相关.     

光动力学疗法对大鼠W256移植瘤的生长和GSH—PX活性的影响

用光动力学疗法（ｐｈｏｔｏｄｙｎａｍｉｃｔｈｅｒａｐｙ，ＰＤＴ）对Ｗ２５６移植瘤进行治疗，并观察Ｗ２５６移植瘤的生长速度和检测大鼠血和肝组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）的活性，结果如下：（１）接受ＰＤＴ治疗组大鼠Ｗ２５６移植瘤生长缓慢Ｐ〈０．０５），（２）接受ＰＤＴ治疗组大鼠血和肝组织中的ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性显著低于肿瘤对照组大鼠（Ｐ〈０．０１），而肿瘤对照组大鼠血和肝组织中ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性又     

The association between anti-thyroid antibodies and pregnancy loss

The incidence of thyroid autoantibodies in women with recurrent fetal loss, infertility or women who miscarried appears to be increased compared with controls of reproductive age without previous abortions. There are few working hypotheses concerning the asociation between anti-thyroid antibodies and the increased risk for pregnancy loss. The first hypothesis suggests that women with high titers of anti-thyroid antibodies have underlying very mild thyroid "under function". Another theory views the anti-thyroid antibodies as simply secondary markers of a predisposition of autoimmune disease rather than the actual cause of pregnancy loss. An evolutionary explanation suggests that reproductive problems in women with high titers of autoantibodies exist in order to prevent the transmission of autoimmune genes to the next generation. The reason for the association between pregnancy loss and thyroid immunity is still not clear. The working hypotheses above supply multi-factorial explanations, which could act together, may even be in synergy, as the propulsion for the pregnancy loss. Until today the mechanism by which anti Tg are responsible for pregnancy loss is not clear. Induced animal models with high titier of anti Tg could provide direct evidence for the pathogenic role of anti-thyroid antibodies and the mechanism that is responsible for the pregnancy loss in autoimmune thyroiditis. In the current presentation we describe data concerning the association between anti-thyroid antibodies and pregnancy loss, and hypothesis which explains this association.