利多卡因对SH-SY5Y细胞的损伤作用

目的: 采用SH-SY5Y细胞体外培养模型,通过观察细胞形态、测定细胞活力和细胞凋亡率,探讨不同浓度利多卡因对SH-SY5Y细胞的损伤作用。方法: SH-SY5Y细胞离体培养, 分为4组, 即: 正常培养组(对照组, 未经药物处理); 0.5%、1%、2%利多卡因组(L1、L2、L3组), 分别用相应浓度的利多卡因处理SH-SY5Y细胞10 min。在药物处理10 min后观察细胞形态, 并分别在药物处理后5 min (T1)、10 min (T2)、药物处理结束后15 min (T3)、药物处理结束后12 h (T4)测定细胞活力及细胞凋亡率。结果: 正常培养SH-SY5Y细胞胞体粗大, 呈多角形, 出现树突状突起, 神经突起, 多而粗大, 分布成网络, 各实验组SH-SY5Y细胞则变圆, 回缩, 轴突渐消失。各实验组不同浓度的利多卡因对SH-SY5Y细胞活力均有明显影响, 利多卡因处理5 min后, 各组细胞活力明显下降, 且随剂量增加, 细胞活力下降明显增加。对照组细胞凋亡率在各时点保持在5.9%~6.3%之间, 实验组细胞在利多卡因处理后各时点细胞凋亡率明显增加, 且随着浓度的增加,细胞凋亡率也增加。结论: 0.5%、1%、2%利多卡因对SH-SY5Y细胞均有损伤作用, 且随浓度的增加,损伤程度加重。     

类风湿关节炎滑膜组织T7噬菌体展示cDNA文库的构建

目的构建类风湿关节炎(RA)滑膜组织T7噬菌体展示cDNA文库,为筛选和鉴定RA特异性基因的研究奠定基础。方法取确诊RA患者的滑膜组织,用Trizol试剂提取总RNA,Oligotex离心柱分离mRNA,电泳检测其质量,逆转录合成双链cDNA,经末端修平、接头连接、酶切后去除过多接头,收集>300bp的cDNA片段,与T7Select10-3载体连接,体外包装并扩增得到类风湿关节炎滑膜组织T7噬菌体展示cDNA文库。最后,通过铺平板滴度测定及PCR技术鉴定文库质量。结果所构建原始文库重组克隆数为2×107pfu,扩增滴度8.9×1010pfu/ml。PCR法检测片段插入率为90%,插入片段在300～2000bp之间。文库噬菌体裂解液PCR扩增得到BiP基因片段。结论成功构建了高质量的RA滑膜T7噬菌体展示cDNA文库,为下一步RA自身抗原的筛选奠定了基础。     

DADLE对SH-SY5Y细胞缺氧复氧损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨[D-Ala2,D-Leu5] enkephalin（ DADLE）对人神经母细胞瘤细胞SH-SY5Y 细胞的缺氧复氧的保 护作用。方法：将体外培养的SH-SY5Y 细胞分别缺氧6 、12、24 h 和48 h,均复氧4 h 后观察细胞形态改变,采用 MTT法检测细胞生存率,评估细胞损伤程度。在此基础上,于缺氧12 h 期间首先给予DADLE 100 pmol/L 作用于 细胞,评价DADLE能否减轻神经细胞缺氧复氧损伤;继而分别用10 pmol/L、100 pmol/L、1 nmol/L、10 nmol/L 和100 nmol/L 不同浓度的DADLE溶液处理细胞,研究DADLE保护作用是否具有剂量效应关系。结果：SH-SY5Y 细胞缺氧6、12、24 h 或48 h,复氧4 h 后,细胞生存率分别为（68.1±4.3）％、（52.6±2.8）％、（26.7±1.5）％ 或（3.5±1.7）％。SH-SY5Y 细胞缺氧12 h 期间给予DADLE 100 pmol/L 处理可使细胞生存率上升到（58.7±0.46）%。 5 个给药浓度中,10 pmol/L 和100 pmol/L DADLE可使神经细胞生存率上升,而1、10 nmol/L 和100 nmol/L 则变 化不明显。结论：DADLE对SH-SY5Y 的缺氧复氧损伤具有保护作用,且其保护效果呈现出较小剂量优于较大剂量 的量效关系,本实验中最佳保护剂量为10 pmol/L。     

应用套式PCR克隆ST13基因cDNA的5‘端序列

目的获得ＳＴ１３基因ｃＤＮＡ５′端的未知序列。方法应用套式ＰＣＲ方法直接从ｃＤＮＡ文库中扩增该基因的５′端序列,然后将扩增的片段克隆到ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔ．ｅａｓｙ载体,并进行序列分析。结果第１次ＰＣＲ后得到１条约５５０ｂｐ的片段,经套式ＰＣＲ后获得１条约４８０ｂｐ的片段,经序列分析证实该扩增的片段是ＳＴ１３基因ｃＤＮＡ的５′端未知序列。结论套式ＰＣＲ技术是克隆基因ｃＤＮＡ的５′端未知序列较简捷、有效的方法。     

限制性酶切片段差异显示技术搜寻和克隆肝癌相关基因

目的:筛选新的肝癌相关基因并对其作用进行研究，探讨肝癌的发生机制，从而对肝癌的早期诊断和治疗提供新的思路。 方法:应用限制性酶切片段差异显示技术对比研究手术切除的新鲜的原发性肝细胞癌组织及其周围相对正常的肝组织，通过放射自显影显示结果并筛选差异条带。对差异表达基因序列进行克隆、测序和GenBank同源性比对，进一步分析差异表达的基因片段。 结果:筛选出18条表达有差异的条带，其中肝癌组织表达上调的基因有16条，肝癌组织低表达或缺失，正常组织高表达的基因有2条。二次PCR扩增出3条差异条带，进行克隆、鉴定和测序，并进行同源性比较。其中1条基因与已知基因无明显同源性，可能为新的基因；1条基因序列与编码人类核糖体蛋白基因的cDNA同源性较高（86%）；另有1条基因序列与编码P选择蛋白的基因高度同源（98%）。 结论:共克隆鉴定了3条肝癌相关基因，并初步探讨其功能，为进一步探讨肝癌的发生机理提供了理论依据。     

孕酮减轻ATP诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞损伤

目的:探讨孕酮对抗腺苷三磷酸(ATP)诱导的人神经母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y细胞损伤的神经保护作用和机制。方法:取对数生长期的SH-SY5Y细胞按照孕酮或ATP浓度的不同进行分组,CCK-8法检测细胞存活率,YO-PRO-1染色检测细胞膜通透性,Fluo-3染色检测细胞内Ca~(2+)浓度的变化,Western blot法检测嘌呤能P2X_7受体表达的变化。结果:与对照组相比,不同浓度(1、3、5和7 mmol/L)ATP作用2 h,SH-SY5Y细胞存活率显著降低(P0.05),细胞摄入YO-PRO-1的荧光强度明显增加(P0.05),且呈剂量依赖性。浓度为3、10和30 nmol/L的孕酮预孵育30 min可减轻ATP损伤作用,细胞存活率较单纯ATP组明显升高(P0.05或P0.01)。孕酮(30nmol/L)或P2X_7受体拮抗剂KN-62(500 nmol/L)预孵育30 min均可显著抑制ATP诱导的胞内YO-PRO-1的荧光增强(P0.01),而孕酮和KN-62两者之间没有明显差异。正常组细胞内钙离子含量少,ATP组细胞内钙离子荧光强度较对照组明显增高(P0.05),孕酮(30 nmol/L)或KN-62(500 nmol/L)预孵育30 min可明显降低(P0.05)ATP诱导的胞内钙荧光增强,而孕酮和KN-62两者之间的作用无明显差异。ATP组SH-SY5Y细胞P2X_7受体表达较对照组明显增加(P0.05),而孕酮(30 nmol/L)预孵育30 min则可显著降低ATP诱导的P2X_7受体表达(P0.05)。结论:孕酮可抑制ATP诱导的P2X_7受体表达、膜孔形成和胞内Ca~(2+)升高,降低细胞死亡率,明显减轻高浓度ATP对SH-SY5Y细胞的损伤作用。     

Insulin-like growth factor-1 protects human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells from salsolinol-induced toxicity

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by an extensive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Salsolinol (SAL), a dopamine-derived tetrahydroisoquinoline, has been suspected to be involved in the etiology of PD. In the present study, the neuroprotective effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was studied against SAL-induced toxicity in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. SAL (100 microM) decreased cell viability in SH-SY5Y cells significantly after 24 h exposure. Both exogenous IGF-1 and IGF-1 gene transfer significantly prevented the SAL-induced cell death and increased cell viability. Wortmannin, a specific phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3 kinase) inhibitor, completely blunted the IGF-1-induced neuroprotection, suggesting that PI-3 kinase pathway is critical in mediating the neuroprotective effects of IGF-1. These results suggest that IGF-1 may be a useful growth factor in the treatment of PD.     

Resistance to geldanamycin-induced apoptosis in differentiated neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells

Geldanamycin (GA) is a specific inhibitor of the 90 kDs heat shock protein (Hsp90) in the cytoplasm of mammalian cells, which binds directly to Hsp90 and promotes proteolytic degradation of its client proteins. As an antitumor drug, GA antagonizes the protecting effects of Hsp90 on cell survival, while its mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that GA induces apoptosis in a human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y. Treatment of the cells with all trans retinoic acid (RA) generates a neuron-like, morphological change of differentiation, and results in the activation of ERK and Akt pathways, an inhibition of the nuclear translocation of p53 induced by GA, and induces higher resistance to the GA-induced apoptosis. These results provide the first evidence for the requirement of p53 nucleation in SH-SY5Y cells to counteract GA in neuron survival.     

Thioredoxin-1 expression regulated by morphine in SH-SY5Y cells

Attempts are being made to identify genes targeted by morphine. It is beneficial for developing new treatments that alleviate side-effects of morphine. Thioredoxin-1 is a small ubiquitous protein that has various biological activities, such as the control of redox balance, the inhibition of apoptosis and the modulation of inflammation. In this study, we found that thioredoxin-1 was induced by morphine in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, opioid receptor, PI3K and ERK pathways were involved in morphine-induced increase of thioredoxin-1 expression. These results suggest that thioredoxin-1 maybe play a role in the actions of morphine. More detailed analysis could clarify cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the actions of morphine.     

Thioredoxin-1 expression regulated by morphine in SH-SY5Y cells

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often show impaired performance on visuospatial attentional tasks. The objective of the study was to examine the attentional function of PD patients performing the attentional network test (ANT). We used the ANT to compare PD patients with healthy controls with respect to the efficiency of 3 anatomically defined attentional networks: the alerting, orienting, and executive control networks. We found that PD patients showed a selective abnormality in the orienting network. Although the alerting and executive control networks apparently remained unaffected, the efficiencies of these networks in patients with PD negatively correlated with the Hoehn-Yahr stage. The results supported the idea that the orienting processes may be more dynamic in PD than in non-PD individuals.     

Mapping of conformational IgE epitopes on Phl p 5a by using mimotopes from a phage display library

BACKGROUND: Phl p 5 represents a major allergen of timothy grass pollen (Phleum pratense). Detailed knowledge about the structures responsible for IgE binding would allow the design of a novel generation of allergy vaccines. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to characterize the IgE epitopes of Phl p 5a using phage display combined with a molecular modeling approach. METHODS: Phl p 5a-specific IgE from sera of patients with grass pollen allergy was used for screening of a random peptide phage library displaying constrained decamers. RESULTS: Fifteen phage clones that shared sequence motifs and could be grouped into families were selected by using Phl p 5a-specific IgE. Peptide alignment with the solvent-accessible amino acids of Phl p 5a revealed 3 sequence sections with frequent hits of identical or similar amino acids. On the surface of Phl p 5a, these sections assembled in compact patches, most likely representing conformational IgE epitopes, whereas no matching clusters were found on the back sides of the 2 Phl p 5a halves. In surface plasmon resonance experiments, the high-affinity interaction between IgE and Phl p 5 could be competed by phage-displayed peptides up to 24%, indicating that they represent true epitope mimics (ie, mimotopes). Allergen-specific immunogenicity of the mimotopes was proved in Biozzi mice. CONCLUSION: The selected mimotopes facilitated the localization of conformational IgE epitopes of Phl p 5. We suggest them to be suitable candidates for the development of an epitope-specific immunotherapy.     

Bcl-xl基因克隆及其在SH-SY5Y细胞中的表达

目的研究Bcl-xl基因在SH-SY5Y细胞中的表达。方法构建真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP/Bcl-xl,采用脂质体介导将重组质粒导入SH-SY5Y细胞,RT-PCR和Western-blot检测外源基因表达。结果本实验成功构建了真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP/Bcl-xl,并用脂质体介导的方法高效转染SH-SY5Y细胞,RT-PCR显示有Bcl-xlmRNA表达增加,Western-blot显示有32kD的蛋白质表达增加。结论重组质粒pIRES2-EGFP/Bcl-xl经转染能够在SH-SY5Y细胞中高效表达,为进一步研究Bcl-xl对SH-SY5Y细胞的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

miR-449a过表达抑制人神经母细胞瘤细胞SH-SY5Y增殖并促进其凋亡

目的探讨miR-449a对人神经母细胞瘤细胞系SH-SY5Y的增殖和凋亡的影响。方法用Lipofectamine TM2000将miR-449a模似物或miR-449a对照转染至SH-SY5Y细胞,分为空白、miR-449a模似物和miR-449a对照SHSY5Y细胞组;实时荧光定量PCR(q-PCR)检测各组细胞中miR-449a表达;CCK8法检测细胞增殖;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡和周期,Western blot检测c-Myc蛋白和Bax/Bcl-2蛋白表达。结果 miR-449a模似物瞬时转染SH-SY5Y细胞后,miR-449a的表达水平明显高于正常对照组(P0.05);SH-SY5Y细胞增殖能力受到明显抑制(P0.05);凋亡率明显增加(P0.05);c-Myc蛋白表达显著降低(P0.05);细胞促凋亡蛋白Bax表达升高;抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达降低(P0.05)。结论 miR-449a可通过c-Myc影响SH-SY5Y细胞的增殖和周期,通过调节Bax/Bcl-2影响其凋亡。     

重组人G－CSF免疫小鼠全套单链抗体噬菌体表面展示文库的构建

利用全套噬菌体抗体表面展示技术,绕过杂交瘤技术,从重组人G－CSF免疫的小鼠脾淋巴细胞中提取总RNA,反转录成cDNA后,用抗体可变区PCR混合引物进行全套抗体重、轻链可变区（VH和VL）基因的扩增。经重叠延伸反应,在体外随机装配成单链抗体（ScFv）。将其克隆至噬菌粒载体pCANTAB5E中,电转化含SupE的     

Baicalin protects against thrombin induced cell injury in SH-SY5Y cells

Baicalin, an extract from the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, was shown to be neuroprotective. However, the precise mechanisms are incompletely known. In this study, we determined the effect of baicalin on thrombin induced cell injury in SH-SY5Y cells, and explored the possible mechanisms. SH-SY5Y cells was treated with thrombin alone or pre-treated with baicalin (5, 10, 20 μM) for 2 h followed by thrombin treatment. Cells without thrombin and baicalin treatment were used as controls. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Real-time PCR was performed to determine the mRNA expression of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1). Western blotting was conducted to determine the protein expression of PAR-1, Caspase-3 and NF-κB. Baicalin reduced cell death following thrombin treatment in a dose-dependent manner, with concomitant inhibition of NF-κB activation and suppression of PAR-1 expression. In addition, baicalin reduced Caspase-3 expression. The above findings indicated that baicalin prevents against cell injury after thrombin stimulation possibly through inhibition of PAR-1 expression and NF-κB activation.     

DARPP-32基因对SH-SY5Y细胞药物敏感性的调节作用

目的：探讨DARPP-32基因对人神经母细胞瘤细胞药物敏感性的调节作用。方法：构建DARPP-32基因的真核表达载体和小干扰RNA载体，并将它们转导入人神经母细胞瘤细胞SH-SY5Y，G418筛选后获得稳定转染的阳性克隆后，应用RT-PCR和Western blotting进行鉴定；MTT法检测细胞转染前后药物敏感性的变化；流式细胞仪检测细胞转染前后对阿霉素的蓄积浓度的变化；RT-PCR和Western blotting检测细胞转染前后耐药相关蛋白P-gp、MRP和凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax的表达变化。结果：成功构建了DARPP-32基因的真核表达载体和小干扰RNA载体；筛选到稳定的DARPP-32高/低表达的神经母细胞瘤细胞模型；MTT试验和流式细胞仪检测结果显示，上调DARPP-32的表达能够显著增强神经母细胞瘤细胞对长春新碱、阿霉素、5-氟尿嘧啶和顺铂的敏感性，提高细胞内阿霉素的蓄积（P<0.05），转染DARPP-32小干扰RNA后的细胞对化疗药物的敏感性降低，细胞内的阿霉素蓄积量显著减少（P<0.05）；RT-PCR和Western blotting结果显示，DARPP-32能够下调 P-gp 和Bcl-2的表达。结论：DARPP-32基因能够调节神经母细胞瘤细胞对化疗药物的敏感性，具有较好的临床应用前景。     

Interleukin 1alpha and interleukin 6 protect human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells from oxidative damage

Interleukin (IL)-1alpha and IL-6 are powerful inflammatory cytokines produced in brain primarily by microglia and astrocytes. Here we demonstrate, using an in vitro assay system, that they can have a direct neuroprotective action against oxidative attack. Exposure of retinoic acid-differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to 270 microM hydrogen peroxide caused activation of caspase 3 and significant neuronal death. Treatment with IL-1alpha or IL-6 caused a dose-dependent increase in survival as measured by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. An antibody against single-strand DNA demonstrated many apoptotic neuroblastoma cells following exposure to hydrogen peroxide, with a decrease following cytokine treatment. These data indicate that IL-1alpha and IL-6 can, under appropriate circumstances, protect neurons from oxidative damage in addition to their well-known action of stimulating inflammation.     

Survivin在MPP~+诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡过程中的作用

目的探讨存活素(Survivin)能否抑制(1-甲基-4-苯基-吡啶离子(1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium,MPP~+)诱导的神经元(SH-SY5Y细胞)的凋亡过程。方法运用1 mmol/L MPP~+处理SH-SY5Y细胞,诱导其发生凋亡,建立帕金森病的细胞模型,采用不同浓度的Survivin进行预处理,使用倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,采用MTT法、Real-time PCR、Western blot检测相关指标,进而评价Survivin对SH-SY5Y凋亡的作用。结果 1 mmol/L MPP~+作用24 h可诱导SH-SY5Y的凋亡,显著降低细胞存活率(F=13.32,P=0.000)。MPP~+作用前,预先经Survivin处理2 h的SH-SY5Y细胞的存活率显著提高(F=13.32,P=0.000,P=0.000,P=0.000),并呈剂量依赖性关系。Real-time PCR结果显示Survivin能够显著抑制SH-SY5Y细胞中凋亡蛋白Caspase 3和Caspase 9的表达水平(F=61.57,P=0.000,P=0.000,P=0.000;F=54.26,P=0.001,P=0.000,P=0.000);Western blot结果亦显示Survivin能够显著抑制SH-SY5Y细胞中凋亡蛋白Caspase 3和Caspase 9的表达水平。结论 Survivin能够剂量依赖性地抑制MPP~+诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡,其机制可能与阻断Caspase信号通路相关。     

Okadaic acid protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced apoptosis

1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP⁺) has been shown to selectively inhibit mitochondrial function and induce a parkinsonism-like syndrome. MPP⁺ stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cell death in vitro. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of okadaic acid on MPP⁺-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. We found that MPP⁺-induced apoptosis and -ROS generation were blocked by okadaic acid. MPP⁺-mediated activation of AKT was also inhibited by okadaic acid. Taken together, these results demonstrate that okadaic acid protects against MPP⁺-induced apoptosis by blocking ROS stimulation and ROS-mediated signaling pathways in SH-SY5Y cells. These data indicated that okadaic acid could provide a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease.