广东地区人禽流感H5N1毒株的核蛋白基因变异和进化

目的通过对人禽流感H5N1毒株核蛋白（NP）基因序列的变异分析，揭示毒株NP基因变异与进化。方法检测广东地区人禽流感H5N1毒株NP基因核苷酸序列，同时检索全球人禽流感H5N1毒株NP基因序列，采用DNAStar5．0软件对检索的人禽流感H5N1毒株NP基因核苷酸序列进行比对和分析；并结合流行病学资料对变异毒株进行进化速度分析。结果1997--2006年45株毒株胛基因核苷酸序列同源性分成3类，1997--1998年毒株为第1类，2004--2005年毒株为第2类，2003年毒株和2006年毒株为第3类；NP基因35个氨基酸位点全部置换，占7．03％（35／498）；2003—2006年H5N1毒株通过氨基酸第430位（1〈430T）位点的置换，增加一个糖基化位点（NGT430-432；GD—01—06毒株第370位发生N3加S变异；增加一个糖基化位点（NES368.370）。同义变异中，NP基因Ks（同义变异速度）值为2．03×10^-5～2．55×10^-5核苷酸／d，Ka（错义变异速度）值为1．58×10^-6～3．10×10^-6核苷酸／d，检验发现进化无明显选择性压力存在。结论1997--1998年毒株、2004--2005年毒株、2003年毒株和2006年毒株NP基因核苷酸有差异；2003--2006年人禽流感H5N1毒株NP基因增加一个糖蛋白位点、GD-01—06毒株再增加一个糖蛋白位点可能改变毒株抗原性。人禽流感H5N1毒株在自然界变异频繁，随着其自然进化，H5N1毒株具有人．人传播能力的概率较大。     

H5N1亚型禽流感病毒血凝素Th和B细胞表位预测及抗原性分析

目的:预测H5N1亚型禽流感病毒血凝素Th和B细胞相关抗原表位,并初步分析其抗原性.方法:依据近年H5N1亚型禽流感病毒流行趋势,下载得到相关HA蛋白氨基酸序列.进行生物信息学综合分析预测,获得Th和B细胞相关抗原表位,并比较其保守性和特异性.通过BALB/c小鼠和SPF鸡H5N1亚型禽流感病毒阳性血清,初步鉴定候选表位抗原性.结果:综合多项预测及空间构象模拟结果,我们获得了三条候选Th和B细胞表位,分别为HA141～155、HA206～223、HA302～316.候选表位处于H5N1亚型禽流感HA1 蛋白序列上相对保守的区域内,且与目前流行的H5N1亚型禽流感病毒HA相应区域具有较好的一致性.而不同候选表位在BALB/c小鼠和SPF鸡H5N1亚型禽流感病毒阳性血清反应中显示了不同抗体结合能力,预示了其成为功能表位的可能.结论:所筛选的表位具有成为H5N1亚型禽流感病毒HA Th和B细胞相关抗原表位的可能.本研究为深入揭示流感病毒感染与免疫机制,H5N1亚型禽流感功能表位认知及表位疫苗研究奠定了基础.     

人易感H6N1禽流感病毒血凝素蛋白的B细胞抗原表位预测及进化分析北大核心CSCD

目的预测人易感H6N1禽流感病毒血凝素蛋白的B细胞抗原表位,并分析其进化特征。方法从GISAID和Gen Bank两大数据库获得人易感H6N1病毒的血凝素蛋白及近缘序列,采用多款预测软件分别预测了其B细胞线性和构象型抗原表位,并分析了这些表位的保守性、适应性和进化特征。结果综合各种因素共预测出4个线性表位(表位A、B、C和D)和2个构象型表位(表位E和F)。表位C和位点41、157、186、187在进化过程中易发生突变,其余表位较为保守,其中表位D最保守;位点157受到强烈的正选择作用,它可能是H6N1病毒逃避宿主免疫系统攻击的一个关键位点。结论人易感H6N1禽流感病毒血凝素蛋白拥有5个保守的B细胞抗原表位(3个线性、2个构象型)和1个正选择作用位点,将为其疫苗的研制、致病机制的理解和病毒防治提供理论基础。     

人易感H6N1禽流感病毒血凝素蛋白的B细胞抗原表位预测及进化分析

目的预测人易感H6N1禽流感病毒血凝素蛋白的B细胞抗原表位,并分析其进化特征。方法从GISAID和Gen Bank两大数据库获得人易感H6N1病毒的血凝素蛋白及近缘序列,采用多款预测软件分别预测了其B细胞线性和构象型抗原表位,并分析了这些表位的保守性、适应性和进化特征。结果综合各种因素共预测出4个线性表位(表位A、B、C和D)和2个构象型表位(表位E和F)。表位C和位点41、157、186、187在进化过程中易发生突变,其余表位较为保守,其中表位D最保守;位点157受到强烈的正选择作用,它可能是H6N1病毒逃避宿主免疫系统攻击的一个关键位点。结论人易感H6N1禽流感病毒血凝素蛋白拥有5个保守的B细胞抗原表位(3个线性、2个构象型)和1个正选择作用位点,将为其疫苗的研制、致病机制的理解和病毒防治提供理论基础。     

人禽流感H5N1毒株NS基因特征和进化

目的通过对人禽流感H5N1毒株NS基因序列的变异分析,揭示毒株NS基因特征与进化.方法检测广东地区人禽流感H5N1毒株NS基因核苷酸序列,同时检索全球人禽流感H5N1毒株NS基因序列,采用DNAStar5.0软件对检索的人禽流感H5N1毒株NS基因核苷酸序列进行比对和分析;并结合流行病学资料对变异毒株进行进化速度分析.结果根据对NS1基因和NS2基因核苷酸序列进行同源性比较,发现分成两个系列1997～1998年人禽流感毒株为一个系列(G1),2003～2006年毒株为另一个系列(G2);其中,2003～2006年毒株NS1基因和NS2基因中,2004～2006年越南、泰国毒株为第1亚组(G2a),2005～2006年印尼毒株为第2亚组(G2b),2006年中国大陆毒株和2003年香港毒株为第3亚组(G2c)、2006年中西亚、北非毒株为第4亚组(G2d).NS1基因74个氨基酸位点置换,占32.2%(74/230);其中,中国大陆2006年2株毒株(ZJ-16-06、GD-01-06)的NS1基因有3个位点有改变A086T、F201Y和P215L.NS2基因共有31个氨基酸发生置换,置换率为25.6%(31/121);中国大陆2006年2株毒株(ZJ-16-06、GD-01-06)的NS1基因有3个位点有改变,包括E/K036G、S044T和L058F.NS1基因Ks值为10.1×10-6～33.4×10-6Nt/d,Ka值为11.6×10-6～17.6×10Nt/d;显示NS1基因受到机体免疫压力较大,检验发现基因进化存在明显选择性压力存在,而GD-01-06的NS1基因受到选择性压力较小;与NS1基因比较,NS2基因的同义突变和错义突变速度均降低,但尤以错义突变速度降低明显(Ks值为15.5×10-6～25.5×10～Nt/d,Ka值为7.39×10-6～10.1×10-6Nt/d).2003～2006年毒株NS1基因丢失第80～84位氨基酸序列(TLASV),引起氨基酸结构改变;而糖基化位点未改变.结论目前NS1基因和NS2基因进化分成两组;NS1基因除自发置换进化较快外,受到明显机体免疫机制压力,第80～84位氨基酸TIASV丢失可能对致病性发生影响.2006年中国大陆毒株NS1基因和NS2基因均有3个氨基酸与其它毒株有别,显示中国大陆人禽流感H5N1毒株NS基因正在向另一方向进化.人禽流感H5N1毒株NS基因在自然界变异非常频繁,不断变异将影响H5N1毒株在人-人传播能力和引发大流行.     

H1N1亚型流感病毒血凝素Th和B细胞表位预测及抗原性分析

目的:应用生物信息学方法预测H1N1亚型流感病毒血凝素Th和B细胞相关抗原表位,并初步分析其抗原性,为研制H1N1亚型流感病毒的表位疫苗奠定基础.方法:依据近年流感病毒流行趋势,从GenBank下载具有代表性的H1N1亚型流感病毒HA蛋白氨基酸序列.进行生物信息学综合分析预测,获得Th和B细胞相关抗原表位,并比较其保守性和特异性.通过Balb/c小鼠H1N1亚型流感病毒阳性血清与表位肽的结合试验,初步鉴定候选表位抗原性.结果:综合多项预测及空间构像模拟结果,我们获得了三条候选Th和B细胞表位,分别为HA_(73～87)、HA_(125～139)、HA_(188～205).候选表位处于H1N1亚型流感HAI蛋白序列上相对保守的区域内,且与目前流行的H1N1亚型流感病毒HA相应区域具有较好的一致性.而不同候选表位在BMB/e小鼠H1N1亚型流感病毒阳性血清反应中显示了不同抗体结合能力,预示了其成为功能表位的可能.结论:所筛选的表位具有成为H1N1亚型流感病毒HA Th和B细胞相关抗原表位的可能.此研究为深入揭示流感病毒感染与免疫机制,H1N1亚型流感功能表位认知及表位疫苗研究奠定了基础.     

H5N1型高致病性禽流感病毒血凝素蛋白及神经氨酸酶的B细胞抗原表位预测

目的预测H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感病毒HA蛋白和NA蛋白的B细胞表位,为基于B细胞表位的预防性疫苗设计提供依据。方法基于HA蛋白和NA蛋白的蛋白质序列,采用Kyte-Doolittle的亲水性方案,Emini方案,Karplus方案和Jameson-wolf抗原指数方案,并辅以MAGE蛋白的二级结构柔性区域分析,预测HA蛋白和NA蛋白的B细胞表位。结果分别预测出了6条血凝素蛋白(Hemagglutinin,HA)以及6条神经氨酸酶(Neuraminidase,NA)B细胞优势表位。结论这些B细胞表位可为禽流感疫苗的研制提供实验依据。     

H1N1流感病毒血凝素B细胞抗原表位的鉴定

目的利用计算机模拟和ELISA阻断实验研究流感病毒血凝素(HA)B细胞抗原表位,建立病原微生物表位检测新方法。方法以2009年H1N1流感病毒裂解疫苗作为免疫原,采用常规杂交瘤融合、筛选技术制备单克隆抗体(mAb),应用ELISA、血凝抑制试验(HI)及Western blot法鉴定获得mAb的特性。以获得的mAb为工具,联合应用ELISA阻断实验和计算机模拟方法预测H1N1流感病毒的B细胞抗原表位。结果获得4株抗H1N1流感病毒HA抗原的mAb,通过ELISA阻断实验将HA的B细胞抗原表位分为两类,通过计算机模拟预测发现4株抗体能与HA上的两类表位相结合。结论计算机模拟和ELISA阻断实验的结果一致,建立了用于预测其他病原微生物表位的新方法。     

禽流感病毒血凝素H5特异性单克隆抗体的制备及ELISA捕获法的建立

目的 制备和鉴定禽流感病毒(H5N1)血凝素(H5)特异性单克隆抗体(mAb),建立H5抗原的双抗体夹心ELISA捕获法.方法 以H5血凝素和携带H5全长基因的质粒免疫Balb/c小鼠制备mAb,利用血凝抑制(HI)实验筛选和鉴定,通过竞争抑制试验分析抗体识别表位,并采用抗体配对试验筛选捕获抗体和检测抗体,建立测定H5抗原的双抗体夹心ELISA捕获法.结果 获得16株特异性针对H5的单克隆抗体,与A型流感病毒H1、H3、H7、H9和B型流感病毒的血凝素无HI交叉反应,对H5血凝素的血凝抑制效价为1:100～1:51 200;通过配对实验,建立以单克隆抗体H5M9为捕获抗体,辣根过氧化物酶标记单克隆抗体H5M11为检测抗体的双抗体夹心ELISA;检测多株H5N1病毒和H5血凝素的最低检出值为1/32血凝单位,检测A型流感病毒H1N1、H3N2、B型流感病毒以及H7、H9血凝素均为阴性.结论 建立了一种灵敏度高、特异性强的测定H5抗原的ELISA捕获法,可应用于禽流感病毒H5N1感染的实验室早期诊断.     

广东新型甲型H1N1病毒血凝素基因分子进化与变异

目的 揭示广东地区2009-2011年新型H1N1病毒血凝素基因(HA)进化特征及抗原表位变异特征.方法 采用时空抽样方法抽样,检测2009-2011年广东分离的24株新型H1N1病毒HA基因核苷酸序列,与GenBank中44株国外相应序列比较;比对HA基因核苷酸序列,分析基因分子变异,构建分子遗传动力学MCMC进化树;同时分析2009-2011年广东毒株HA基因的抗原表位变异情况.结果 68株HA基因进化树显示,广东毒株进化树主干至少分为6大分支;其中2011年毒株聚类为2个(Ⅴ和Ⅵ)主要分支,各具基因特征.变异频率较高的位点包括391、467、202和214位,正向选择位点包括8、145和391;广东毒株抗原表位区发生S145L/P、L208I、Q240R、S160G和G187R位点变异.2009年广东毒株HA基因分支Ⅰ毒株可能于2010年传播到亚洲、欧洲和澳洲地区.结论 广东新型H1N1病毒HA基因变异具有传播特征(Ⅰ)和地区特征(Ⅵ),位于抗原表位Ca、Sa和Sb的氨基酸发生变异,其中位点145等变异频率较高,承受着正向选择压力.     

Molecular characterization of the surface glycoprotein genes of an H5N1 influenza virus isolated from a human in Guangdong, China

Summary In March 2006, a human H5N1-infected case was found in Guangdong province, China. Here, we molecularly characterized the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of the A/China/GD01/06 (GD01) strain causing the infection. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that the HA and NA genes of GD01 and recent human H5N1 viruses from different provinces of China were probably derived from a common ancestor and the H5N1 human infection was acquired directly from affected poultry. At the cleavage site of HA, GD01 contained multiple basic amino acids, a feature characteristic of highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses. The virus possessed Gln222, Gly224, Ser223, Asn182, Gln192 residues adjacent to the receptor-binding site, preferential for recognizing SAα2, 3Gal. In addition, the GD01 NA amino acid sequence possessed Asn344 and Phe466, which might be related to the low-pH stability of the sialidase activity and gastrointestinal symptoms of the patient.     

Characterization and application of a series of monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has a significant global social and economic impact, and the emergence of new and more destructive mutant strains highlights the need for accurate virus detection. Here, 90 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that exclusively reacted with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid protein (NP) were generated. These MAbs did not cross-react with NPs of common human coronaviruses (HCoVs, i.e., 229E, OC43, HKU1, and NL63) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. Subsequently, overlapped peptides in individual fragments (N1–N4) of NP were synthesized. N1-3 (25-GSNQNGERSGARSKQ-39), N3-1 (217-AALALLLLDRLNQL-230), and N4-8 (393-TLLPAADLDDFSKQL-407) were identified as major epitopes using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and recognized by 47, 1, and 18 MAbs, respectively. The 24 remaining MAbs exhibited no reactivity with all synthetic peptides. Among MAb-epitope pairs, only MAbs targeting epitope N1-3 displayed no cross-reaction with NPs of SARS-CoV-1 and other SARS-related CoVs. All Omicron variants contained a three-amino acid deletion (31ERS33) in the N1-3 region. Thus, MAbs targeting N1-3 failed to recognize these variants. Furthermore, a double-antibody sandwich ELISA for antigen detection was established using the optimal MAbs. Overall, a series of MAbs targeting SARS-CoV-2 NP was prepared, characterized with epitope mapping, and applied for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigens, and some novel B-cell epitopes of the viral NP were identified.     

The latex allergen hev B 5 is an antigen with repetitive murine B-cell epitopes

BACKGROUND: Hev b 5 is a potent latex allergen. In this study, we characterize the linear B-cell epitopes for three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to Hev b 5. METHODS: The mAbs included 2 IgG1 (6A10, 3G3) and 1 IgG2b (6F6) isotypes. We used SPOTscan analysis with overlapping octapeptides to identify the binding regions for the antibodies and then methionine substitution analysis to further define the critical amino acids (aa) in each epitope. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to selectively eliminate the IgG binding for each epitope and single and multiple mutations were expressed as recombinant GST fusion proteins. Antibody recognition of the mutant proteins was determined by inhibition ELISA. RESULTS: All three mAbs recognized the same aa sequence by SPOTs analysis with slight variations, and this epitope was repeated 3 times in the Hev b 5 sequence; APETEK (63-68), PAEGEK (120-125), and PAEEEK (126-131). Sequential methionine substitution by SPOTsalogue identified K68, E122, and K131 as critical aa in each epitope to change by site-directed mutagenesis. Inhibition ELISA with the mutant proteins indicated that epitope 126-131 was the dominant epitope, but mutation of epitope 120-125 was also required to eliminate mAb reactivity to Hev b 5. The antibodies did not appear to recognize the epitope 63-68 in the recombinant fusion protein. CONCLUSIONS: We identified an immunodominant B-cell epitope in Hev b 5 that is repeated 3 times within the sequence, making Hev b 5 multivalent. Well-characterized monoclonals recognizing repeated epitopes would be a good choice for immunodetection of Hev b 5 in glove extracts where individual epitopes could get altered by the manufacturing process.     

Theoretical analysis of the neuraminidase epitope of the Mexican A H1N1 influenza strain, and experimental studies on its interaction with rabbit and human hosts

The neuraminidase (NA) epitope from the Mexican AH1N1 influenza virus was identified by using sequences registered at the GenBank during the peak of a pandemic (from April 2009 to October 2010). First, NA protein sequences were submitted for multiple alignment analysis, and their three-dimensional models (3-D) were then built by using homology modeling. The most common sequence (denominated wild-type) and its mutants were submitted to linear and nonlinear epitope predictors, which included the major histocompatibility complex type II (MHC II) and B-cell peptides. The epitope prediction was in accordance with evolutionary behavior and some protein structural properties. The latter included a low NA mutation rate, NA 3-D surface exposure, and the presence of high hindrance side chain residues. After selecting the epitope, docking studies and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to explore interactions between the epitope and MHC II. Afterward, several experimental assays were performed to validate the theoretical study by using antibodies from humans (infected by pandemic H1N1) and rabbits (epitope vaccination). The results show 119 complete sequences that were grouped into 28 protein sequences according to their identity (one wild-type and 27 representative mutants (1–5 mutations)). The predictors yielded several epitopes, with the best fit being the one located in the C-terminal region. Theoretical methods demonstrated that the selected epitope reached the P4, P6, P7, and P9 pockets of MHC II, whereas the experimental evidence indicates that the epitope is recognized by human antibodies and also by rabbit antibodies immunized with the peptide.     

Development of a novel rapid immunochromatographic test specific for the H5 influenza virus

Three anti-H5 influenza virus monoclonal antibody (mAb) clones, IFH5-26, IFH5-115 and IFH5-136, were obtained by immunising a BALB/C mouse with inactivated A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-1/04 (H5N1). These mAbs were found to recognise specifically the haemagglutinin (HA) epitope of the influenza H5 subtypes by western blotting with recombinant HAs; however, these mAbs have no neutralising activity for A/duck/Hokkaido/84/02 (H5N3) or A/Puerto Ric/8/34 (H1N1). Each epitope of these mAbs was a conformational epitope that was formed from the regions located between 46 to 60 amino acids (aa) and 312 to 322 aa for IFH5-115, from 101 to 113 aa and 268 to 273 aa for IFH5-136 and from 61 to 80 aa and 290 to 300 aa for IFH5-26. The epitopes were located in the loop regions between the receptor region and alpha-helix structure in haemagglutinin 1 (HA1). Influenza A virus H5-specific rapid immunochromatographic test kits were tested as solid phase antibody/alkaline phosphate-conjugated mAb in the following three combinations: IFH5-26/IFH5-115, IFH5-136/IFH5-26 and IFH5-136/IFH5-115. In every combination, only influenza A H5 subtypes were detected. For effective clinical application, rapid dual discrimination immunochromatographic test kits in combination with H5 HA-specific mAb, IFA5-26 and IFA5-115 and the influenza A NP NP-specific mAb, FVA2-11, were developed. The dual discrimination immunochromatographic tests kits detected influenza A virus H5 subtypes as H5 line-positive and all influenza A subtypes as A line-positive simultaneously. The dual discrimination immunochromatographic test kits may be useful for discriminating highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 viruses from seasonal influenza A virus, as well as for confirming influenza infection status in human, avian and mammalian hosts.     

Mapping of B-cell epitopes in the nucleocapsid protein of Puumala hantavirus

Hantavirus nucleocapsid protein (N) has been proven to induce highly protective immune responses in animal models. The knowledge on the mechanisms behind N-induced protection is still limited, although recent data suggest that both cellular and humoral immune responses are of importance. For a detailed B-cell epitope mapping of Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) N, we used recombinant N derivatives of the Russian strain CG18-20 and the Swedish strain Vranica/H?lln?s, as well as overlapping synthetic peptides corresponding to the Finnish prototype strain Sotkamo. The majority of a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reacted with proteins derived from all included PUUV strains demonstrating the antigenic similarity of these proteins. In line with previous results, the epitopes of most mAbs were mapped within the 80 N-terminal amino acids of N. The present study further revealed that the epitopes of four mAbs raised against native viral N were located within amino acids 14-45, whereas one mAb raised against recombinant N was mapped to amino acids 14-39. Differences between the reactivity of the PUUV strains Vranica/H?lln?s and CG18-20 N suggested the importance of amino acid position 35 for the integrity of the epitopes. In line with the patterns obtained by the truncated recombinant proteins, mapping by overlapping peptides (PEPSCAN) confirmed a complex recognition pattern for most analyzed mAbs. Together, the results revealed the existence of several, partially overlapping, and discontinuous B-cell epitopes. In addition, based on differences within the same competition group, novel epitopes were defined.     

Monoclonal antibodies to the haemagglutinin HA1 subunit of the pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus and potential application to serodiagnosis

In order to provide specific serological reagents for pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus, monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to recombinant haemagglutinin component HA1 (rHA1) were generated after fusing spleen cells from a mouse immunized with rHA1 protein derived from influenza strain A/California/06/09 H1N1 with a mouse myeloma cell line. Five hybridoma clones secreting Mabs specific for the rHA1 protein derived from pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 and not for rHA1 from seasonal H1N1 influenza strains A/Brisbane/59/07 and A/Solomon Islands/03/06 were identified by EIA. Mabs 7H4, 9A4, and 9E12 were reactive in Western blots with full length rHA and/or rHA1 subunit derived from A/California/06/09 strain. Only Mab 1F5 inhibited haemagglutination of turkey red blood cells with recombinant NIBRG‐121 virus derived from A/California/07/09, but did not react in Western blots. Immunostaining of MDCK cells infected with NIBRG‐121 was localized to the membrane/cytoplasm for four of the reactive Mabs. The differing reactivity of the Mabs in Western blots, immunostaining, EIA, and haemagglutination inhibition assay suggest that at least four of the five Mabs recognize different epitopes on HA1 of the pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus. Ferret antisera to pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 (A/England/195/09 and A/California/07/09 strains) and sera from human subjects vaccinated with Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent Vaccine (CELTURA®, Novartis Vaccines, Germany), inhibit binding of 1F5‐HRP to biotinylated rHA1 derived from A/California/06/09 in a competitive EIA, suggesting that the epitope recognized by this Mab also evokes an antibody response in infected ferrets and vaccinated humans. J. Med. Virol. 83:559–567, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

抗人可溶性间皮素相关蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及特性鉴定

目的:制备鼠抗人可溶性间皮素相关蛋白(SMR)的单克隆抗体(mAb),鉴定其生物学特性。方法:应用计算机通过综合预测对间皮素(MSLN)进行B-细胞表位预测。合成相应肽段并免疫BALB/c小鼠,采用杂交瘤技术制备mAb,利用免疫细胞化学和Western blot分析对所制备的mAb进行鉴定。结果:综合预测方法分析间皮素的抗原表位可能于153-162、282-292及471-481氨基酸残基或其附近,选择性合成了可能性最高的位于471-481氨基酸残基的可溶性间皮素相关蛋白表位,制备了mAb(2H10),经免疫细胞化学和Western blot分析该抗体具有较高的特异性。结论:成功地制备了鼠抗人可溶性间皮素相关蛋白的mAb(2H10),该抗体具有较高的特异性,为进一步利用ELISA对可溶性间皮素相关蛋白进行检测奠定了基础。     

汉坦病毒核蛋白基因片段真核表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的 确定特定小鼠ＭＨＣ Ｉ类分子Ｈ－２ｄ限制性另工提呈的汉坦病毒核蛋白（ＮＰ）抗原表位。方法 在计算机预测的基础上,以编码ＮＰ的Ｓ基因为模板,合成了３个相互重叠的基因片段,构建了以携带ＧＦＰ报告基因的ｐＥＧＦＰ－Ｎ２为持载体的重组质粒,并进行了初步表达及鉴定。结果 目的基因片段已插入质粒载体,并在转染的真核细胞内成功表达。结论 汉坦病毒核蛋白片段能够被细胞加工提呈。     

Comprehensive analysis of T cell epitope discovery strategies using 17DD yellow fever virus structural proteins and BALB/c (H2d) mice model

Immunomics research uses in silico epitope prediction, as well as in vivo and in vitro approaches. We inoculated BALB/c (H2d) mice with 17DD yellow fever vaccine to investigate the correlations between approaches used for epitope discovery: ELISPOT assays, binding assays, and prediction software. Our results showed a good agreement between ELISPOT and binding assays, which seemed to correlate with the protein immunogenicity. PREDBALB/c prediction software partially agreed with the ELISPOT and binding assay results, but presented low specificity. The use of prediction software to exclude peptides containing no epitopes, followed by high throughput screening of the remaining peptides by ELISPOT, and the use of MHC-biding assays to characterize the MHC restrictions demonstrated to be an efficient strategy. The results allowed the characterization of 2 MHC class I and 17 class II epitopes in the envelope protein of the YF virus in BALB/c (H2d) mice.