Effect of Zishen Yutai(滋肾育胎)Pill on Embryo Implantation Rate in Patients Undergoing Fertilization Embryo Transfer in vitro

Objective:To observe the effect ofZishen Yutai pill(滋肾育胎,ZYP)on em-bryo implantation rate in luteal phase of pa-tients undergoing fertilization embryo trans     

Effect of Clenbuterol Hydrochloride on the in vitro Development of Mouse Embryo

Clenbuterol hydrochloride is a strongβ2 receptor agitator,and it was used toprevent and treat bronchial asthma.However,it is seldom used today because of itsstrong side-effect to the heart[1 ] .Clenbuterol hydrochloride also helps in the forma-tion of bo…     

Is there A Link between Serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Level and the Results of in vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer？

Objective To analyze the clinical features and outcomes in infertile patients with different levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) undergoing IVF/ICSI, and to investigate whether inappropriate level of TSH has the adverse effect on the results of the IVF-ET. Methods A total of 389 patients undergoing IVF/ICSI from January 2009 to December 2011 were divided into 3 groups according to the basal TSH level: group A (TSH< 2.0 mIU/L), group B (TSH 2.0-4.5 mIU/L) and group C (TSH>4.5 mIU/L). Oocyte retrieved, fertilization rate, cleavage rate, available embryo rate, pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate were analyzed to explore whether serum TSH level was correlated with the results of IVF/ICSI. Results There were no differences in number of oocyte retrieved, fertilization rate, cleavage rate and available embryo rate among 3 groups (P>0.05). Clinical pregnancy rate in group B (43.0%) was significantly higher than that in group A (30.2%) and group B (23.5%), respectively (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in miscarriage rate among 3 groups. Conclusion TSH level has no effect on fertility rate or miscarriage rate in patients undergoing IVF/ICSI. Inadequacy TSH level would decrease the IVF/ICSI pregnancy rate.     

Effect of Patient Age and Embryo Parameters on Pregnancy Outcome in In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer （IVF-ET）

Objective To study the effect of patient age, the number and quality of embryos transferred on pregnancy outcome in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer procedures （IVF-ETs）. Methods A retrospective study was conducted with infertile women who underwent a total of 1 800 cycles of lVF-ET and intracytoplasmic sperm injection （ICSI） at the Reproductive Medicine Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College from Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2007. The patients were divided into three groups based on age （year）. 〈30, 30-34 and 235. The rates of clinical pregnancy and multiple pregnancies were compared in each group when 1-3 embryos and 0-3 goodquality embryos were transferred respectively. Results 1） In the group of patients aged 〈30 years, there was no significant difference in pregnancy outcomes with 1-3 embryos transferred. However, pregnancy rates were similar when 2 3 good-quality embryos were transferred, which was significantly higher compared with 0-1 good-quality embryos transferred; the incidence of multiple pregnancies was not an issue when only 1 embryo was transferred. 2） The pregnancy rate of the patients aged 30 34 was not significant not only when only 2-3 embryos were transferred but also when 2-3 good-quality embryos were transferred, which was significant compared with when 1 embryo or 0 1 good-quality embryo was transferred. The subgroup of 3 good-quality embryos transferred, at the same time, was expected to significantly increase multiple pregnancy rate. 3） For the patients aged 235, there were similar pregnancy rates in the subgroup involving 1-3 embryos transferred. Compared with 0-2 good-quality embryos transferred, the pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the patients with 3 good-quality embryos transferred. An increased trend toward multiple pregnancies was observed among not only the subgroups with 1-3 embryos transferred, but also when 1-3 good-quality embryos were transferred, although it was significantly higher in patients with 3 good-quality embryo transferred. Conclusion In an effort to achieve the ideal pregnancy rate without the risk of multiple pregnancies, it is desirable to employ a single good-quality embryo transfer for patients aged 〈30 years and 2 good-quality embryos for patients aged 330. As older women （aged 335 years）, this is important, need to abstain from poor-quality embryo transferred by increasing the number of embryos transferred in an effort to improve the rate of clinical pregnancy, if the patients have had enough 2 high-quality embryos.     

Analysis of Factors Influencing Pregnancy Rate in Frozenthawed Embryo Transfer

Objective To analyse factors influencing the outcome of frozen-thawed embryo transfer （FET）. Method A retrospective analysis was performed in our center on 129 thawing cycles from March 2001 to April 2003. The related parameters were compared between conceived and non-conceived cycles. Results There were totally 129 clinical pregnancies in these transfers （pregnancy rate： 27.1%）. Frozen-thawed embryos were transferred to natural cycles and CC cycling and hormone replacement treatment had equal success. Groups of IVF and ICSI did not differ significantly in pregnancy rates （P〉0.05）. The pregnancy rates for one, two, three and four pre-embryos transfer were 0, 20.0%,44.1% and 75.0%, respectively （P〈0.05）. There were statistical differences between pregnancy group or non- pregnancy group in the endometrial thickness, CES, CES/No. of embryo. A higher pregnancy rate was observed in embryo transfers which had at least one 4-cell grade I embryo （d 2）（P〈0.01）. Conclusions The most important factors influencing the implantation rate and pregnancy rate of frozen-thawed embryo transfer are age, endometrium thickness, and the number, morphology and growth rate of transferred frozen embryos of women participants.     

Study on HBV Vertical Transmission via the in vitro Fertilization （IVF） Technique

Objective To study the hepatitis B virus （HBV） vertical transmission via infected spermatozoa. Methods Eighteen male patients with HBV infection who underwent in vitro fertilization （IVF） were studied, 5 HBV negative patients were selected as the control. Fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） analysis using the partial-length HBV DNA as the hybridization probe was performed to explore the existence of HBV DNA in the sperm and in the host embryonic genome. Results FISH showed that 5 of 18 patients＇ sperm presented positive signals and 2 of 18 embryos presented positive signals, while no positive signals were found in control group. Conclusion The HBV DNA was found in human sperm and embryos of HBV patients. These results provide direct evidence that HBV DNA could transmit to foetus via human infected spermatozoa.     

Effects of Placental Isoferritin on the Mouse Embryo Development in vitro

To investigate the effect of placental isoferritin （PLF） on mouse embryo development in vitro, mice 2-cell embryos were co-cultured with human first trimester decidual cells at different concentrations of PLF in vitro. The following changes of the above system were observed under an invert microscope and the number of embryos were recorded and the embryos were classified. The results showed there was no significant difference in the percentage of embryos development to 4-cell 8-cell and morula （P〉0.05）. PLF at the doses of 10 and 100 U/mL significantly enhanced more embryos development to the blastocyst and hatching blastocyst （P〈0.05）. PLF at the dose of 1000 U/mL depressed more embryos development from 2-cell to hatching blastocyst, meanwhile such phenomena as cell degeneration and irregular cleavage were observed in part of embryos, but there was no significant difference in statistics （P〉0.05）. It was concluded that PLF at the concentration of 10-- 100 U/mL had no significant effects on the early development of mice embryos, however, PLF could promote the growth, differentiation, and hatching of preimplantion blastocysts.     

Effect of Semen Quality on the Embryo Development

To investigate the influences of sperm quality on the zygotes and embryos development, as the role of the paternal factor in early human embryogenesis is gaining more attention because of the application of techniques such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection （ICSI） ior the treatment of men infertility. 136 infertility couples with men factors （Group Ⅰ） were included from May 2002 to January 2004. One hundred and seventy-two infertility couples with tube factors （Group Ⅱ） served as controls. The sperm parameters, geminates and embryos quality, implantation rate and pregnant rate in both groups were analyzed. It was found that there was no significant differences in the number of oocytes retrieved, the fertilization rate and number of embryos transferred between two groups. Sperm concentration, percentage of motile sperm and percentage of sperm with normal morphology were significantly lower in group Ⅰ than in group Ⅱ （P〈0.01）. The proportion of good quality zygotes and good quality embryos were significantly lower in,（he male infertility group than in the tubal disease group （P（0.05）. Implantation rate and pregnancy rate were similar in two groups. It was concluded that spermatozoa is involved in the embryo quality, even in the early stages of development, which limited the treatment potency of IVF procedure.     

Effect of Xiaobailing Decoction on Melanocytes in Vitro

Objective: To observe the effect of Xiaobailing Decoction(消白灵汤)on murine melanocytes in vitro and to explore the mechanism of Xiaobailing Decoction in the treatment of vitiligo. Methods: B-16F10 murine melanoma cells were cultured in 1640 medium and treated respectively with different concentrations (1mg/ml, 2mg/ml, 3mg/ml) of the Chinese drug Xiaobailing Decoction and its main components, the drugs for replenishing the kidney-yang, and the drugs for nourishing blood and activating blood circulation, etc. for 7 days. MMT assay was used to determine the proliferation of B-16F10 murine melanoma cells. NaOH cleavage assay was adopted to measure the melanogenesis of melanocytes. Results: Xiaobailing Decoction, the drugs for replenishing the kidney-yang and the drugs for nourishing blood and activating blood circulation at different concentrations significantly improved the proliferation of B-16F10 murine melanoma cells from the 3rd day to the 5th day (P<0.05), with Xiaobailing Decoction at the concentrations of 1mg/ml having the most distinct action on promoting the proliferation of melanocytes on the 3rd day (P<0.001); And the drugs for replenishing the kidney-yang at the concentrations of 2mg/ml and 3mg/ml and the drugs for nourishing blood and activating blood circulation at 3mg/ml significantly increased melanogenesis of melanocytes (P<0.05). Conclusion: Xiaobailing Decoction can promote melanocytic proliferation and melanogenesis in vitro, and it is indicated that the drugs for replenishing the kidney-yang and the drugs for nourishing blood and activating blood circulation play an important role in treating vitiligo.     

Assisted Reproduction of Pretreatment with Laparoscopic “Core-pulling” Salpingectomy for Patients with Hydrosalpinx before in vitro Fertilization Embryo Transfer

Objective To investigate the reproduction-assisting effects of laparoscopic ＂corepulling＂ salpingectomy for patients with hydrosalpinx on ovarian reserve,responsiveness to stimuli and outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer（IVF-ET）.Methods Infertile females receiving treatment in Reproductive Medicine Center of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital due to fallopian tube disorders（n=214） were enrolled from July 2006 to December 2007 and further divided into three groups.＂Core-pulling＂ procedure group（group A） consisted of patients receiving pretreatment with ＂corepulling＂ salpingectomy due to hydrosalpinx in our center（n=31）,wherein 16 patients received IVF-ET.Conventional procedure group（group B） consisted of patients receiving conventional salpingectomy for hydrosalpinx or ectopic pregnancy in our center or other institutes prior to IVF-ET（n=59）.Control group（group C） consisted of patients receiving IVF-ET without the history of previous hydrosalpinx or salpingectomy（n=124）.Results At baseline,the antral follicle count of group B was significantly less than that of groups A and C（8.6±2.5 vs 8.3±2.0 vs 9.8±2.4）.The mature oocytes retrieved numbered less than the other two groups,in a statistically significant manner compared with group C（13.1±5.7 vs 10.6±5.0 vs 12.0±6.2）.Patients of groups A and B received more gonadotropin while the dosage of group B differed significantly from group C（31.0±17.7 vs 37.6±8.3 vs 30.0±4.6）.E2 level on hCG injection day was slightly lower in group B than in the other two groups,statistically significant compared with that of group C,but not compared with that of group A.After receiving IVF-ET,patients of group A showed significantly higher conception rate than groups B and C（62.5% vs 43.6% vs 39.2%）.Conclusion Compared with the conventional procedure,laparoscopic ＂core-pulling＂ salpingectomy should be recommended for patients with hydrosalpinx intending to receive IVF-ET,which did not interfere with the ovarian reserve or responsiveness but improve the conception rate in clinical practice.     

超声引导下定位胚胎移植对IVF-ET妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨在腹部超声引导下定位胚胎移植对体外受精-胚胎移植(In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer,IVF-ET)妊娠结局的影响.方法:回顾性研究本生殖中心接受首次IVF-ET,包括卵母细胞浆内单精子注射(Intracytoplasmic sperm injection,I...     

子宫内膜异位症对体外受精-胚胎移植结果的影响

目的讨论子宫内膜异位症对体外受精-胚胎移植过程的影响。方法对生殖中心自2008年1月至2011年1月共63例子宫内膜异位症合并不孕患者（内异症组）的体外受精-胚胎移植结局等进行回顾性分析;并选取同期136例输卵管因素不孕患者（对照组）作为对照组,从促排卵药物总量、用药时间、HCG日雌二醇（estrogen,E2）、孕酮、促黄体生成素水平、获卵数、受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、冷冻胚胎数、妊娠率、种植率、流产率、异位妊娠率等方面进行比较分析。结果内异症组用药总量显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）,内异症组HCG日E2水平、获卵数、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、冷冻胚胎数明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论子宫内膜异位症患者卵巢储备能力下降,同时其卵子及胚胎质量亦下降。     

体外受精-胚胎移植术后早期自然流产相关因素分析

目的：研究体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）术后早期自然流产的相关因素。方法：回顾性分析我中心2009年1～12月经过IVF-ET治疗后获得临床妊娠的393例患者的临床资料。根据其妊娠结局分为流产组和对照组,比较两组的年龄、窦卵泡数、促排卵药物（Gn）使用总量、Gn使用天数、获卵数、胚胎数、优胚数和移植胚胎数。结果：流产组患者的年龄高于对照组（P〈0.05）;而两组间窦卵泡数、Gn使用总量、Gn使用天数、获卵数、胚胎数、优胚数和移植胚胎数比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：IVF-ET术后早期自然流产的发生与患者年龄有关。加强对高龄不孕患者的监测,尽可能采取保胎措施,对防止IVF-ET术后早期自然流产的发生具有积极意义。     

体外受精-胚胎移植治疗不孕症的临床研究

目的 :应用体外受精 -胚胎移植 (IVF ET)技术治疗不孕症 ,探讨胚胎培养系统和不孕妇女年龄对治疗效果的影响。方法 :2 0 8对不育夫妇 ,女方采用控制性超排卵 ,阴道B超引导穿刺取卵 ,丈夫精液采用梯度离心法分离精子 ,体外受精 ,胚胎移植 ;比较不同培养系统和年龄对治疗效果的影响。结果 :2 2 0个治疗周期共获卵 2 0 97个 ,周期获卵数为 9.5 3± 5 .61个 ,受精率 72 .2 1% ,卵裂率 94.40 % ,优良胚胎率为 67.43 % ,96周期临床妊娠 ,临床妊娠率为 43 .64 % ,双胎率为 3 6.46% ,流产率为 13 .5 4%。结论 :IVF -ET技术是治疗不孕症的有效方法。通过改进培养系统 ,能够改善胚胎质量 ,提高IVF治疗的成功率 ;妇女年龄超过 3 5岁IVF治疗的成功率明显降低。     

体外受精-胚胎移植中受精失败的原因及补救措施

在接受体外受精（in vitro fertilization,IVF）或卵细胞浆内单精子注射（intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection,ICSI）助孕的患者中,受精率一直是患者普遍关心的问题。不幸的是,虽然国内外的学者作了大量的研究和探索工作,但是受精失败及低受精率仍然时有发生。因为受精过程是一个非常复杂的生物过程,中间任何一个环节出现了问题都可能导致受精失败。虽然整个受精过程的一些步骤和环节已被广泛认知和接受,但仍有很多调控机制不为人知或知之甚少。本综述旨在对目前已知并被广泛认同的受精失败的原因进行探讨。     

体外受精-胚胎移植技术在常规超排卵304个治疗周期中的应用

目的：分析304个常规体外受精与胚胎移植（IVF－ET）超排卵治疗周期资料。方法：使用Buserelin/Metrodin-HP/HCG方案或Decapeptyl/Metrodin-HP/HCG方案超排卵、监测卵泡发育及经阴道超声引导下穿刺取卵、精子优选、体外受精－胚胎移植与黄体期支持等过程。结果：总获卵率86.45%，平均每周期获卵9个，受精率75.8%，卵裂率96.4%。268个胚胎移植周期中83例获临床妊娠，临床妊娠率31.5%，其中5例流产；河南省首例常规试管婴儿于1999年6月23日顺利分娩，至2000年11月已分娩43例58个婴儿，1例早产死亡，另有35例，在妊娠中。结论：作者建立的常规体外受精－胚胎移植技术用于治疗妇性原因的不孕症是可靠、有效的。     

体外受精-胚胎移植失败的影响因素分析

目的:分析体外受精-胚胎移植失败的影响因素.方法:收集4 886例病人的病史资料,将1次助孕成功的1 420例作为A组,2次及以上助孕成功病人的324个成功周期作为B组,与之对应的365个失败周期作为C组,对可能引起体外受精-胚胎移植失败的相关因素进行分析.结果:A组年龄明显小于B组且不孕年限较B组短(P<0.01).辅助生殖技术治疗相关因素分析显示:A组较B组促排卵时更多采用长方案,B组较C组更多采用微刺激或者拮抗剂等方案,且B组采用卵母细胞单精子注射的比例也高于A组和C组(P<0.01).体外受精结果分析显示:相较于A组,B组移植胚胎数要更多,但取卵总数、受精率、优胚率、可用胚胎数、冷冻胚胎数、种植率均较低(P<0.01);而相较于C组,B组取卵总数、受精率、卵裂率、优胚率、移植胚胎数、可用胚胎数、冷冻胚胎数均较高(P<0.05~P<0.01).结论:年龄大、不孕时间长、获卵数少、可用胚胎数少、胚胎质量差的病人易发生体外受精-胚胎移植治疗失败,对于前一周期治疗失败的病人采用个性化治疗,改变促排方案或者受精方式等可能有助于提高其成功率.     

体外受精-胚胎移植后异位妊娠86例临床分析

目的：探讨辅助生殖技术中异位妊娠( EP )的发生率、影响因素和早期诊疗、防治的方法。方法回顾性分析体外受精-胚胎移植( IVF-ET )、卵胞浆内单精子显微注射( ICSI)、胚胎植入前遗传学诊断( PGD)和冻融胚胎移植( F-ET)治疗后86例EP患者的临床资料。结果共有2903个周期获临床妊娠,86例EP,发生率2．96%,其中包括宫内宫外同时妊娠4例(4．65%)。患者年龄、不孕年限、体重指数、是否合并排卵障碍、男方因素不孕、染色体异常、既往分娩史、获卵数、移植胚胎数目、移植管进入宫腔深度对EP的发生影响不大。输卵管盆腔病变、子宫内膜异位症及其术后与EP的发生有显著的关联( OR =11．457, P =0．000;OR =3．479,P=0．002)。子宫内膜厚度≥7．5 mm时,输卵管妊娠风险则有所下降(OR=10．463,P=0．002)。结论输卵管盆腔病变,子宫内膜异位症及其术后,移植日子宫内膜厚度是EP发生的重要影响因素。妊娠早期血人绒毛膜促性腺激素( HCG)监测结合阴道B超检查是EP主要的早期诊断方法。     

在体外受精周期中应用促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂方案的临床分析

目的 分析体外受精-胚胎移植周期中应用促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)拮抗剂方案患者的临床特征和治疗结局.方法 回顾性分析54个GnRH拮抗剂起始周期和52个移植周期患者的年龄、GnRH使用天数和剂量、启用GnRH拮抗剂的时机和天数、用拮抗剂日和hCG日血清E2和LH水平、获卵数、临床妊娠率等,与同期长方案GnRH激动剂组临床妊娠率进行比较.结果 52个拮抗剂方案移植周期和同期126个激动剂长方案移植周期的临床妊娠率分别为46.2%和56.8%.拮抗剂组患者年龄(35.7±3.8)岁,应用Gn时间(8.5±1.6)d,应用拮抗剂(4.5±1.1)d,hCG日E2水平为(1616.7±721.1)pg/ml,取卵数7.4±4.6个,移植胚胎数(2.4±0.6)个,着床率27.7%.其中≤37岁组34个周期,≥38岁组18个移植周期,临床妊娠率分别为55.9%和27.8%.固定方案组于应用GnRH的第4～5天启动拮抗剂,36个移植周期的临床妊娠率为50.0%,机动方案组于卵泡12～15 mm时(应用GnRH的第6～9天)启动拮抗剂,16个移植周期的临床妊娠率为37.5%.与激动剂长方案组相比,拮抗剂方案组中患者年龄较大、GnRH用药时间较短、获卵数较少、血清E2峰值较低,有统计学差异(P＜0.01);临床妊娠率稍低,无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 在体外受精-胚胎移植周期治疗中应用GnRH拮抗剂,是一种方便、快速、有效的治疗选择,能获得满意的临床结局.