免疫组化在恶性胸膜间皮瘤与肺腺癌鉴别诊断中的作用

目的探讨一组免疫组化指标包括CK5/6、calretinin、WT1、HBME-1、CD141、Ber-EP4、Moc-31、AE1/AE3、B72.3、EMA、CEAv、imentin在恶性胸膜间皮瘤与肺腺癌鉴别诊断中的作用。方法采用免疫组化EnVision二步法检测16例恶性胸膜间皮瘤和32例肺腺癌中CK5/6、calretinin、WT1、HBME-1、CD141、Ber-EP4、Moc-31、AE1/AE3、B72.3、EMA、CEAv、imentin的表达情况。结果calretinin、CD141、WT1、CK5/6、EMA、Ber-EP4、B72.3、CEA、AE1/AE3和vimentin在恶性胸膜间皮瘤和肺腺癌中的表达差异显著（P〈0.05）,HBME-1和Moc-31的表达差异不显著;间皮瘤最敏感的抗体是CD141、Vim和AE1/AE3,其次是HBME-1、WT-1、calretinin、EMA和CK5/6,而特异性最高的抗体是calretinin,其次为CD141、WT-1和CK5/6。在肺腺癌中,敏感性最高的抗体是AE1/AE3（100%）,其次是EMA、CEA和B72.3;特异性最高的抗体是CEA和B72.3,其次是Ber-EP4。结论CD141c、alretinin、WT-1v、imentin、CEA和B72.3一组抗体兼具特异性和敏感性,可作为恶性间皮瘤和肺腺癌鉴别诊断中的首选抗体。     

蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶5参与膀胱癌发生、发展的相关性研究

目的探讨蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶5(PRMT5)在膀胱癌中的表达情况及其与膀胱癌发生、发展的相关性。方法收集癌症和肿瘤基因图谱(TCGA)数据库中膀胱癌患者相关信息,下载PRMT5基因表达谱资料及临床信息资料。分析PRMT5 mRNA表达水平在膀胱癌与癌旁组织中的差异,分析PRMT5与临床病理特征的相关性。通过组织芯片做免疫组化实验,在蛋白水平验证基因水平的结论。结果 PRMT5在癌组织中显著高表达(P=0. 0001)。PRMT5高表达组较低表达组患者预后显著更差(Log-rank P=2. 6×10-4)。PRMT5高表达更倾向于分布在T3、T4期(以TNM分期)。PRMT5在癌和癌旁组织中蛋白质水平表达无显著差异。结论在膀胱癌中,基因水平下PRMT5高表达是一种预后不良因素,蛋白水平未发现明显差异。     

精氨酸甲基转移酶1调控铁死亡在肺癌细胞恶性生物学中的分子机制

目的 探讨精氨酸甲基转移酶1(CARM1)调控铁死亡在肺癌细胞恶性生物学中的分子机制。方法 通过免疫印迹检测正常人支气管上皮细胞（HBE4）和肺癌系中（A549、H1299、H1640、HCC827）中CARM1的表达情况。将CARM1序列或载体对照（Vector）以及针对CARM1(shCARM1)、Notch同源物2(shNotch2)的shRNA序列或阴性对照shRNA(shNC)转染到肺癌细胞中。分别通过CCK-8试验、Transwell试验测定细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭。利用RIP-PCR和MeRIP-qPCR分析探讨了CARM1的作用机制。采用经典的铁死亡诱导剂Erastin处理肺癌细胞以确定CARM1是否能影响细胞对铁死亡的敏感性。结果 与人正常气道上皮细胞HBE4相比,CARM1在肺癌系中（A549、H1299、H1640、HCC827）显著上调（P <0.05）。与Vector组相比,CARM1过表达组A549细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力显著增加（P <0.001）,而shCARM1组HCC827细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力显著低于shNC组（P <0.001）...     

Thoracoscopy in pleural malignant mesothelioma diagnosis

On the basis of our personal experience in 70 cases (66 pleural effusions) observed during the period January 1984- January 1996 we are here illustrating and discussing the diagnostic role of thoracoscopy in malignant pleural mesothelioma.A histological diagnosis was achieved in 94.2% of cases. The endoscopic appearance was clearly neoplastic (masses, nodules) in 53 patients (75.7%) and simply inflammatory in 17 pachypleuritis in 13 (18.6%) and of diffuse hyperemia in 3 (5.7%). In all cases fluid cytology (diagnostic yield: 18.5%) and needle biopsy (diagnostic yield 17.1%) were performed.The extension of pleural involvement (endoscopic staging according to Boutin) was also determined. In 16 patients (22.8%) a parietal and diaphragmatic involvement (stage Ia) was found. In 40 patients (57.2%) an associated visceral invasion (stage Ib). In 14 cases (20%) a diffuse parietal, visceral and mediastinal extension (stage II). The exam has always been well tolerated with few immediate complications: subcutaneous emphysema (4 cases) and some negligeable parietal bleeding (2 cases).     

Pemetrexed therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma

OBJECTIVE: To review pemetrexed, a novel multi-targeted antifolate agent. DATA SOURCES: A literature search was conducted (1985-September 2004) using MEDLINE and CANCERLIT. Recent abstracts from the American Society of Clinical Oncology were also included, along with the manufacturer's information. Key words were pemetrexed, LY-231514, Alimta, multi-targeted antifolate, malignant pleural mesothelioma. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Relevant information on pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and safety and efficacy of pemetrexed from clinical trials was selected. DATA SYNTHESIS: Pemetrexed inhibits folate metabolism and purine/pyrimidine synthesis. Based on Phase I and II trials, pemetrexed has antitumor activity in solid tumors such as lung, colorectal, and cervical. A pivotal Phase III study in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) demonstrated survival superiority of pemetrexed-cisplatin regimen versus cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS: Pemetrexed is a promising new drug for the treatment of solid malignancies, most notably MPM.     

恶性胸膜间皮瘤的CT诊断

目的:提高恶性胸膜间皮瘤CT诊断水平。材料与方法:回顾分析8例经病理证实恶性胸膜间皮瘤的CT表现。结果:(1)单侧胸腔大量积液并广泛胸膜增厚和胸膜结节2例;(2)胸膜肿块6例;(3)邻近软组织和器官侵犯8例。结论:CT检查发现广泛胸膜增厚、胸膜结节或肿块,伴邻近软组织和器官侵犯,提示恶性胸膜疾病。肿块穿过膈脚向上腹部或腹膜后延伸可视为恶性胸膜间皮瘤较具特征性的表现。     

经电视胸腔镜确诊恶性胸膜间皮瘤

目的利用电视胸腔镜对恶性胸腔积液进行诊断。方法在局麻下于患侧腋中线第8肋间隙作单一切口进行胸腔镜检查，并在直视下采取病变部位的组织送病理活检。结果7例患者均能较好地耐受胸腔镜检查，顺利取得病变组织，经病理检查证实为恶性胸膜间皮瘤。术后7例患者均无并发症。结论经胸腔镜可以直视病变，取得高质量的活检标本，安全、有效地确诊疑难胸膜疾病。     

Metastatic malignant pleural mesothelioma to the breast

A 51-year-old woman suffered from dyspnea for several days before she came to an outside clinic for help. Pleura biopsy was performed and the histologic diagnosis was malignant mesothelioma. Sixteen months later, a palpable left breast lump was noted. Physical examination revealed a firm mass in the breast, measuring about 4 x 3.5 cm in size. Breast sonography showed a hypoechoic mass about 3 x 2 x 1.5 cm in size with irregular border in the middle part of the left breast. A mammogram revealed a speculated mass. Chest computed tomography was also performed, which revealed a large pleural mesothelioma and an irregular breast lesion. Incisional biopsy of the left breast lump was performed and histologic examination revealed an infiltrative growth of neoplastic polygonal cells bearing hyperchromatic and pleomorphic nuclei and a small amount of pale, pinkish cytoplasm. Further immunohistochemical study was performed and the tumor cells were positive for low and high molecular weight cytokeratin, thrombomodulin and focally positive for CEA. The final histologic diagnosis was metastatic malignant mesothelioma.     

恶性胸膜间皮瘤的CT诊断与鉴别诊断

目的分析恶性胸膜间皮瘤的CT表现，提高对该病的诊断水平。方法回顾性分析14例经手术或穿刺病理证实的恶性胸膜间皮瘤的CT表现，全部病例均行螺旋CT平扫，其中9例加增强扫描。结果所有的病例均表现为不同程度的胸膜增厚，其中弥漫性胸膜增厚10例。14例中，呈结节状胸膜增厚4例，肿块状胸膜增厚7例，环状胸膜增厚3例，胸膜增厚≥1cm者12例。合并胸腔积液、纵隔固定、患侧胸腔体积缩小10例。结论恶性胸膜间皮瘤的CT表现有一定的特征性，CT在恶性胸膜间皮瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断中有重要的价值。     

恶性胸膜间皮瘤的CT诊断与鉴别诊断

目的探讨CT对恶性胸膜间皮瘤(MPM)的诊断与鉴别诊断价值.方法回顾性分析119例胸膜病变(恶性79例,良性40例)患者的CT检查资料, 评价CT对良恶性胸膜病变尤其是MPM与其他良、恶性胸膜病变的鉴别诊断价值.结果胸膜病变侵犯纵隔内结构、膈肌及胸壁等CT征象仅见于MPM与其他恶性胸膜病变(OMPD).环绕形胸膜增厚在MPM、OMPD的发生率分别为52%、20.4%,良性胸膜病变(BPD)则无一例出现此征象.纵隔胸膜受累增厚在MPM组占92%,而OMPD和BPD分别为37%和5%,不同组别之间两两比较有显著性差异(P<0.001).结节状胸膜增厚、胸膜增厚大于1 cm在MPM与BPD之间及OMPD与BPD之间的出现率有显著性差异(P<0.05),而在MPM与OMPD之间的出现率无显著性差异(P＞0.05). 叶间胸膜不规则增厚在MPM与OMPD之间以及MPM与BPD之间的出现率有显著性差异(P<0.05),而在OMPD与BPD之间的出现率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论结合胸膜病变的形态特点及其与纵隔的关系,有助于MPM与OMPD及BPD的鉴别诊断.     

恶性胸膜间皮瘤分子标志物研究进展

恶性胸膜间皮瘤(MPM)是一种罕见但高度恶性的肿瘤,其发病率在全球范围内逐渐上升。但MPM早期临床症状不典型,诊断方法缺乏特异性,患者确诊时往往已处于疾病晚期,导致该病的预后极差。因此更好地理解MPM肿瘤分子和细胞过程中高度特异性分子标志物或新的诊断工具显得愈发重要。本文阐述了目前临床对于MPM分子标志物的研究进展,尽管MPM相关信号功能的精确机制仍未完全了解,但本文仍可为进一步的研究指明研究方向,为MPM的临床诊断及治疗提供依据。     

MESOMARK: a potential test for malignant pleural mesothelioma

BACKGROUND: Soluble mesothelin-related peptides (SMRP)have been reported to be potential biomarkers for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). We report analytical and preliminary clinical studies of MESOMARK, a quantitative assay for SMRP. METHODS: The MESOMARK assay is a 2-step immunoenzymatic assay in an ELISA format with a 6-point calibration curve (0-32 nmol/L). We assessed analytical imprecision, analyte stability, and analytical interferences. We measured SMRP by this assay in 409 apparently healthy individuals (reference interval study), 177 patients with nonmalignant conditions, and 500 cancer patients, including 88 with MPM. RESULTS: The limit of detection was 0.16 nmol/L. At 2-19 nmol/L, intraassay imprecision (CV) was 1.1%-5.3%, and total imprecision was 4.0%-11.0%. The mean dilution recovery for 5 samples was 109% (range, 99%-113%). No interference was seen from added bilirubin (200 mg/L), hemoglobin (500 mg/L), triglycerides (30 g/L), chemotherapeutic agents, or other tested substances. Recombinant mesothelin was stable in serum upon freeze/thaw at -70 degrees C and upon storage for at least 7 days at 2-8 degrees C. The 99(th) percentile of the reference group was 1.5 nmol/L [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2-1.6 nmol/L; n = 409], and mean SMRP was significantly higher in sera from patients with MPM (7.5 nmol/L; 95% CI, 2.8-12.1 nmol/L; n = 88). SMRP was increased in 52% and 5% of MPM patients and asbestos-exposed individuals, respectively. Concentrations in other nonmalignant and malignant conditions were similar to those in healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: The MESOMARK assay is analytically robust and may be useful for the detection and management of mesothelioma.