低剂量辐射刺激小鼠抗体形成机制的研究

本研究检测了单次Ｘ射线和连续γ射线全身照射后小鼠脾脏抗体形成反应，胸腺细胞氚标胸腺嘧啶（３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ）自发掺入率，脾细胞白介素－２（ＩＬ－２）形成和脾脏抑制性Ｔ细胞（Ｔｓ）功能的变化。结果表明，单次Ｘ射线照射７５ｍＧｙ后，免疫小鼠抗体形成反应增强，胸腺细胞自发增殖能力增高，脾细胞ＩＬ－２形成增多，而脾脏和胸腺中抑制性Ｔ细胞功能未见改变。连续γ射线照射累积６５ｍＧｙ所得结果与单次Ｘ射线照射相似。说明     

75mGy X线全身照射对小鼠脾细胞抗瘤活性的增强作用

将经７５ｍＧｙＸ线全身照射后小鼠的脾细胞过转移至同系小鼠体内，观察其对肿瘤生长及转移的影响，结果发现，照射组小鼠脾细胞可明显抑制与小混合注射的Ｌｅｗｉｓ肺癌（ＬＬＣ）细胞的生长和自发肺转移（Ｐ〈０．０５～０．０１）。与假照组相比，照射后２４ｈ照射组小鼠脾脏有核细胞数增多（Ｐ〈０．０２），脾细胞对ＣｏｎＡ和ＩＬ－２的反应性增强（Ｐ〈０．００１），ＮＫ细胞毒活性明显提高（Ｐ〈０．０１），提示，脾细胞免     

低剂量电离辐射对小鼠免疫器官cAMP和儿茶酚胺含量的影响

本文报道，７５ｍＧｙ／（１２．５ｍＧｙ／ｍｉｎ）单次全身Ｘ射线照射后９小时用ＳＲＢＣ免疫Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６小鼠，在免疫后４天和７天脾脏、胸腺和下丘脑ｃＡＭＰ含量均降低；而在免疫后４天脾脏去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和酪氨酸含量均增高，免疫后７天肾上腺素含量仍持续增高；当连接γ射线６５ｍＧｙ（０．０１５ｍＧｙ／ｍｉｎ，６ｈ／ｄ）全身照射小鼠后即刻或２９小时后免疫，脾脏和下丘脑ｃＡＭＰ含量也均降低。提示，低剂量     

下丘脑－垂体－性腺轴功能变化在低剂量辐射免疫刺激效应中的作用

７５ｍＧｙＸ线全身单次照射昆明雄性小鼠，下丘脑５－ＨＴ含量增高，而血清ＬＨ、ＦＳＨ和睾丸酮（ＴＳ）水平下降，伴有脾细胞胞浆、胞核ＴＳ受体数目减少ｑ给大鼠下丘脑注入５－ＨＴ，血清促性腺激素水平变化与７５ｍＧｙ照射后小鼠血清激素变化一致ｑ提示，低剂量辐射可激活中枢５－ＨＴ神经元，使下丘脑５－ＨＴ产生和分泌增加，性腺轴功能下调，部分解除下丘脑－垂体－性腺系统对免疫器官的张力性抑制，从而诱发免疫功能增强。     

仙茅多糖对小鼠免疫功能调节作用实验研究

仙茅多糖体外单独能刺激小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖，而单独对小鼠胸腺细胞无作用，但在ＣｏｎＡ存在条件下对胸腺细胞增殖有协同作用，体外对尼龙毛柱分离小鼠脾Ｔ细胞富含部分有明显刺激增殖作用：体外能对抗由氢化可的松（ＨＣ）抑制ＣｏｎＡ诱导脾Ｔ细胞增殖，体内对ＨＣ诱导免疫受抑小鼠胸腺及脾脏重量降低，胸腺细胞及脾Ｔ、Ｂ细胞增殖降低有明显对抗作用。     

下丘脑—垂体—性腺轴功能变化在低剂量辐射免疫刺激效应中的…

７５ｍＧｙＸ线全身单次照射昆明雄性小鼠。下丘脑５－ＨＴ含量增高，而血清ＬＨ、ＦＳＨ和睾丸酮水平下降，伴有脾细胞胞浆，胞核ＴＳ受体数目减少。给大鼠正丘脑注入５－ＨＴ，血清促性腺激素水平变化与７５ｍＧｙ射后小鼠血清激素变化一致。     

松果腺对辐射免疫兴奋效应调节作用的研究

目的和方法：观察75mGYX射线全身照射去松果腺昆明系雄性小鼠,血清皮质酮,脾和胸腺细胞免疫功能变化及体内、外给予褪黑素对其免疫功能的影响。结果：去松果腺小鼠经75mGyX射线全身照射后,血清皮质酮水平显著升高,脾细胞对ConA反应性和胸腺细胞自发增殖能力明显降低,体内注入褪黑素或体外培养细胞加人褪黑素可使因去松果腺免疫功能降低而重新升高。结论：松果腺褪黑素对低剂量辐射引起的免疫兴奋效应有调节作用。     

磁处理水对小白鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究

用磁处理水喂养小白鼠３０天，测定其有关的免疫学指标，结果表明：血清溶菌酶含量明显增高；循环免疫复合物ＣＩＣ含量显著降低；Ｔ、Ｂ细胞对丝裂原ＣｏｎＡ及Ｌｐｓ的反应性明显增强；一定稀释浓度的脾细胞上清液ＩＬ－１、ＩＬ－２的活性明显提高；脾细胞ＤＮ－ｙ的产生亦明显提高．上述实验提示我们，饮用磁处理水确有增强生物机体免疫功能的作用。     

脾脏切除对胸腺和淋巴结免疫功能的影响

报道脾脏切除（脾切）对动物胸腺和淋巴结免疫功能的影响，脾切后３ｗ大鼠胸腺细胞自发增殖及ＣｏｎＡ诱导增殖均无明显变化，ＣｏｎＡ诱导淋巴结细胞增殖脾切组明显高于假手术对照组，脾切后３ｗ再用ＳＲＢＣ免疫，５ｄ后小鼠腹腔淋巴结数量脾切明显高于对照组，用ＱＨＳ法测定淋巴结细胞对ＳＲＢＣ初次抗体产生脾切组则明显低于对照组。     

低剂量辐射增强小鼠胸腺细胞PKC亚型的表达

目的和方法：本实验采用流式细胞术研究了不同剂量Ｘ射线全身照射后４、１２、２４和４８ｈ,昆明小鼠胸腺细胞蛋白激酶Ｃ亚型表达的变化。结果：７５ｍＧｙ全身照射后ＰＫＣ－α、β１、β２表达均有增强,于照射后１２ｈ达峰值,ＰＫＣ－α、β２于４８ｈ恢复至假照水平,ＰＫＣ－β１于４８ｈ仍明显增高。４Ｇｙ照射后,ＰＫＣ－α表达显著下降。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction

Eighteen families in which both parents had refractions within the range of +4·0 D to −4·0 D and axial lengths seen in emmetropia (22·3-26·0 mm) showed coefficients of correlation of the order 0·5 indicative of polygenic inheritance. Such coefficients were seen for axial length (0·407) and for the cornea (0·487), but not for the lens (which is known to be yoked to the axial length). No such coefficients were seen in 19 families in which one of the parents had axial length outside the emmetropic range (nine families with long axes and 10 with short axes).

The pattern of polygenic inheritance for emmetropia (completely correlated optical components) and errors of refraction up to 4·0 D (inadequately correlated components: correlation ametropia) follows that seen in stature and other measurable characters. In contrast the high refractive errors with their abnormal axial lengths (component ametropia) are—like the extremes in stature—pathological anomalies with monofactorial inheritance.