DNA复制错误阳性大肠癌的临床病理特点

目的探讨ＤＮＡ复制错误（ＲＥＲ）与大肠癌发生发展的关系。方法采用银染ＰＣＲ单链构象多态性（ｓｉｎｇｌｅｓｔｒａｎｄｃｏｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｓｍ，ＳＳＣＰ）和ＰＣＲ－变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶（ＰＡＧ）技术检测６０例大肠癌及其相应正常组织的第２、５、１７号染色体的４个位点的微小卫星ＤＮＡ不稳定性（ｍｉｃｒｏｓａｔｅｌｉｔｅｉｎｓｔａｂｉｔｙ，ＭＳＩ），有至少２个位点的ＭＳＩ则诊断为ＲＥＲ阳性。结果６０例大肠癌中，１９例为ＲＥＲ阳性（３１７％）。结合家族史，根据Ａｍｓｔｅｒｄａｎ标准，６０例病例中有４例被诊断为遗传性非息肉病性大肠癌（ｈｅｒｅｄｉｔａｒｙｎｏｎｐｏｌｙｓｉｓｃｏｌｏｒｅｃｔａｌｃａｎｃｅｒ，ＨＮＰＣＣ）。ＲＥＲ阳性率在ＨＮＰＣＣ中为３／４例与散发性大肠癌的２８５％比差异有显著性（Ｐ＜００５）。ＲＥＲ阳性大肠癌与ＲＥＲ阴性大肠癌比较大多为分化不良型腺癌（Ｐ＜００１），多位于右半结肠（Ｐ＜００５），有家族史（Ｐ＜００５），ＤｕｃｋｅｓＡ、Ｂ期较ＤｕｃｋｅｓＣ、Ｄ期患者所占比例高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ＲＥＲ阳性大肠癌与ＲＥＲ阴性大肠癌有不同的生物学特性。     

BIOLOGIC HEMOSTATIC GLUE IN GENERAL SURGERY

ＢＩＯＬＯＧＩＣＨＥＭＯＳＴＡＴＩＣＧＬＵＥＩＮＧＥＮＥＲＡＬＳＵＲＧＥＲＹＢＩＯＬＯＧＩＣＨＥＭＯＳＴＡＴＩＣＧＬＵＥＩＮＧＥＮＥＲＡＬＳＵＲＧＥＲＹＨｕＹｉ－ｚｅ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＳｕｒｇｅｒｙ，ＳｅｃｏｎｄＡｆｆｉｌｉａｔｅｄＨｏｓｐｉ...     

丙型肝炎病毒DNA核酸免疫的初步探讨

目的：探索ＨＣＶ－ＤＮＡ核酸免疫效应。方法：将构建的重组体ｐＣＤ－ＨＣＶｓ免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠,用ＥＬＩＳＡ和＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入法检测了免疫鼠血清抗体、脾细胞和ＰＢＭＣ对ＨＣＶ抗原的增殖反应。结果：重组体ｐＣＤ－ＨＣＶ１、ｐＣＤ－ＨＣＶ２和ｐＣＤ－ＨＣＶ３均可诱导小鼠（ｎ＝６）产生抗体（０．６６５￣０．７０７,ＯＤ值）和脾细胞对ＨＣＶ抗原增殖反应（ｎ＝６,ＳＩ为３．８９￣４．４７）,但各重组体间的     

21－羟化酶CYP21B基因Ile~（172）→Asn错义突变

为了解先天性肾上腺皮质增生症患者的２１－羟化酶ＣＹＰ２１Ｂ基因中Ｉｌｅ~（１７２）→Ａｓｎ错义突变的发生率，根据放大受阻突变体系（Ａｍｐｌｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｒｅｆｒａｃｔｏｒｙｍｕｔａｔｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍ，ＡＲＭＳ）的要求，设计了３种引物：５＇ｄ（ＴＴＧＧＧＡＧＡＣＴＡＣＴＣＣＣＴＧＣＴＣＴ）３＇（共同引物）、５＇ｄ（ＡＧＧＴＧＡＧＧＴＡＡＣＡＧＡ）３＇（正常引物）、５＇ｄ（ＡＧＧＴＧＡＧＧＴＡＡＣＡＧＴ）３＇（突变引物），在７例患儿中进行了检测，发现具有本突变者３例。对其中一例进行的家系分析，结果提示：这组引物有快速、简便的优点，不需使用同位素就能对具有Ｉｌｅ~（１７２）→Ａｓｎ变异的高危家庭成员作产前诊断。     

广西不同人群庚型肝炎病毒感染状况的调查

目的 了解庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）感染在广西柳州地区不同人群中的感染状况，并比较静脉毒瘾者与健康体检者ＨＧＶ，乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）、丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）与ＨＧＶ共同感染的特点，方法 应用酶联免疫法（ＥＬＡ）检测抗－ＨＧＶ，抗－ＨＣＶ，ＨＢＶＭ（ＨＢｓＡｇ，ＨＢｓＡｂ，ＨＢｅＡｇ，ＨＢｅＡｂ，ＨＢｃＡｂ），并对抗－ＨＧＶ阳性者随机抽取２０例（１９％）进一步用逆转录套式ＰＣＲ（ＰＴ－ｎＰＣＲ）法检测     

小管间质肌成纤维细胞激活对大鼠残余肾硬化的影响

目的：本文研究５／６肾大部切除大鼠肾小管间质肌成纤维细胞（ｍｙｏｆｉｂｒｏｂｌａｓｔ，ＭＦＢ）标记性抗原，α－平滑肌肌动蛋白（α－ｓｍｏｏｔｈ ｍｕｓｃｌｅ ａｃｔｉｎ，α－ＳＭＡ）免疫组化表达及其意义。方法：成年雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠（６－８周龄，２００－２５０ｇ）随机分成两组：１．假手术（ｓｈａｍ，ｎ＝５）ｍ，；２，ＳＸｎ 组（ｎ＝５）。     

高频喷射通气治疗PE—SWD兔血气和Na^＋—K^＋—ATPase图？…

为了探讨高频喷射通气（ＨＦＪＶ）治疗海水淹溺肺水肿（ＰＥ－ＳＷＤ）的作用机理,采用全自动血气酸碱分析仪和计算机图像分析系统对海水淹溺肺水肿组（ＰＥ－ＳＷＤ－Ｇ）、高频喷射通气组（ＨＦＪＶ－Ｇ）和正常对照组（ＯＮＴＲＯＬ ＧＲＯＰＵ,ｃｇ）兔ＰａＯ２、ＰａＣＯ２血氧饱和度（ＳａＯ２和兔肺内Ｎａ＾＋－Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ进行自动检测和定量分析。结果表明,ＰＥ－ＳＷＤ经ＨＦＪＶ治疗１００ｍｉｎ,ＨＦＪＶ     

NEW TECHNIQUE OF BIOCHEM ANALYZING

ＮＥＷＴＥＣＨＮＩＱＵＥＯＦＢＩＯＣＨＥＭＡＮＡＬＹＺＩＮＧＮＥＷＴＥＣＨＮＩＱＵＥＯＦＢＩＯＣＨＥＭＡＮＡＬＹＺＩＮＧＹｉｎＷｅｌｃａｉ（ＰＬＡＧＥＮＥＲＡＬＢＯＳＰＩＴＡＬ）NEW TECHNIQUE OF BIOCHEM ANALYZING...     

癌基因HER_2（c－erhB_2）常见在原位乳腺癌中扩增

癌基因ＨＥＲ２（ｃ－ｅｒｈＢ２）常见在原位乳腺癌中扩增［英］／ＥｄｉｓｏｎＬｉｕ…／／Ｏｎｃｏｇｅｎｅ．－１９９２．７．－１０２７～１０３２原位乳腺癌（ＣＩＳ）是乳腺癌的最早形式，其特点是组织学恶变细胞仅局限于确定了的结构中，而在镜检下无浸润证据。临...     

通过受体介导法将核酶特异导入肝细胞以阻断HBV蛋白表达的初步研究

应用半乳糖末端糖蛋白受体（ＡＳＧＰ－Ｒ）介导的内吞作用，将外源基因导入真核细胞，与脂质体介导的转染和细胞表面转铁蛋白受体（Ｔｆ－Ｒ）介导的内吞作用相比，虽然三种方式均能有效介导外源基因的转移，但ＡＳＧＰ－Ｒ法具有肝细胞特异性，而脂质体法和Ｔｆ－Ｒ法不具此特性。将克隆于真核表达载体的针对乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）ｍＲＮＡＰｒｅＣ／Ｃ区的核酶质粒ｐＣＭＶ－Ｒｉｐｃ特异性导入肝细胞并发挥作用，通过酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测细胞培养液中的乙型肝炎表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）和ｅ抗原（ＨＢｅＡｇ），评价核酶在细胞水平对ＨＢＶ抗原表达的阻断作用。结果表明当核酶质粒ｐＣＭＶ－Ｒｉｐｃ与ＨＢＶ抗原表达质粒ｐＵＣ－２ＨＢＶ共转染ＨｅｐＧ２细胞时，核酶对ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｅＡｇ表达的抑制率分别为５５．２９％和６８．７３％。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.