牛磺酸对大鼠创伤脊髓的保护作用

目的：探讨牛磺酸对大鼠创伤脊髓的保护作用。方法：７２只雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠以改良Ａｌｅｎ法（５０ｇｃｍ）打击脊髓致脊髓损伤。结果：牛磺酸可明显减轻脑脊液蛋白漏出（０６６±０１７ｖｓ１２１±０４５ｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜００５）和组织水肿（湿重／干重比值３３９±０１２ｖｓ３５３±０１６，Ｐ＜００１）；减少组织ＭＤＡ生成（２４８２２±１２９５ｖｓ２９９４５±４３５２ｎｍｏｌ／ｇｄｗ，Ｐ＜００５）；减轻组织Ｃａ２＋负荷（１３８３５±３２９３ｖｓ１９６６２±４８６１ｐｍｏｌ／ｇｄｗ，Ｐ＜００１）；降低血浆内皮素含量（１６４３±２９７ｖｓ２０３８±３４０ｎｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜００５）。结论：牛磺酸可能通过清除氧自由基、稳定细胞膜，防止钙超载和调整血管内源性血管活性物质发挥其保护作用。     

白细胞介素—8对大鼠失血性休克血浆6—keto—PGF1α和TXB2含量的影响

目的和方法：本文观察重组人内皮细胞衍生的白细胞介素－８（ｒｈＥＤＩＬ－８）对大鼠晚期失血性休克血浆６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α和ＴＸＢ２含量的影响，并与平均动脉血压（ＭＡＢＰ）的变化作相关性分析。结果：晚期失血性休克血浆６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α含量明显降低（１０６７４±１２２６ｖｓ１５６８２±１１４２）ｎｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜００１，ＴＸＢ２含量明显升高（３１８３６±２６．５４ｖｓ１７４９１±２１５８）ｎｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜００１；给予ｒｈＥＤＩＬ－８（２５０μｇ／ｋｇ）后，血浆６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α含量明显升高（３６８４７±１５６８ｖｓ１０３７６±１３１８）ｎｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜００１，其血浆水平与ＭＡＢＰ变化呈明显正相关（ｒ＝０．７４６，Ｐ＜００１）；ｒｈＥＤＩＬ－８对血浆ＴＸＢ２含量却无明显影响。结论：ｒｈＥＤＩＬ－８抗晚期失血性休克作用与其促进血管内皮细胞产生和释放ＰＧＩ２有关     

内毒素诱导血小板纤维蛋白原受体显露和磷脂酰肌醇代谢

本文测定了体外纤维蛋白原与人血小板纤维蛋白原受体的结合，研究内毒素对纤维蛋白原受体显露的影响。实验观察到内毒素可以使纤维蛋白原与血小板的结合显著增加，５００μｇ／ｍｌ内毒素使血小板结合的￣（１２５）Ⅰ－纤维蛋白原从对照的５．２±３．５ｎｇ／１０￣８ｃｅｌｌｓ增高为１９．１±６．５ｎｇ／１０￣８ｃｅｌｌｓ（Ｐ＜０．０１，ｎ＝４），表明内毒素可诱导血小板纤维蛋白原受体显露。用Ｓｃａｔｃｈａｒｄ作图法求得Ｋｄ＝２．０５×１０￣－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｂｍａｘ＝９６３纤维蛋白原分子／血小板。内毒素能够诱导血小板生成ＰＡ。５００μｇ／ｍｌ内毒素作用９０秒可使ＰＡ增高为对照的１７６±２２％（Ｐ＜０．０５，ｎ＝６）。ＰＡ升高迅速，９０秒时达到高峰，提示ＰＩＰ＿２的分解。上述结果提示内毒素可以直接激活血小板，显露纤维蛋白原受体，可能是通过诱导ＰＩＰ＿２分解，产生三磷酸肌醇（ＩＰ＿３）和甘油二酯（ＤＧ），进而使受体的构型发生改变，显露受体活性。     

海康胶囊对动物造血功能的影响

海康胶囊（ＨＫ）按３０ｇ／ｋｇ和６０ｇ／ｋｇ给小鼠灌胃，对腹腔注射环磷酰胺（ＣＴＸ）引起的小鼠网织红细胞下降有明显保护作用（Ｐ＜０．０１），对骨髓有核细胞下降和脾脏重量下降则无保护作用（Ｐ＞００５）；对皮下注射苯诱发的小鼠网织红细胞下降、血红蛋白和脾脏重量下降均有一定保护作用（Ｐ＜００１），但对骨髓有核细胞下降则无保护作用；对大鼠人工心脏失血性贫血，６０ｇ／ｋｇ剂量组有促进血红蛋白升高的作用（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

外科性黄疸和黄疸型病毒性肝炎患者血清SIgA的变化

外科性黄疸（ｓｕｒｇｉｃａｌｊａｕｎｄｉｃｅ，ＳＪ）患者（３８例）术前血清分泌型ＩｇＡ（ｓｅｃｒｅｔｏｒｙＩｇＡ，ＳＩｇＡ）含量为１４０．８±５１．３μｇ／ｍｌ，比正常人（３０人）的平均值（８．９±２．１μｇ／ｍｌ）高１５．８倍（Ｐ＜０．００１）。手术解除胆道梗阻１５～２０天后，ＳＪ患者的血清ＳＩｇＡ水平显著下降（Ｐ＜０．００１），同时，术后胆汁中的ＳＩｇＡ却远高于术中时胆汁ＳＩｇＡ的水平（Ｐ＜０．００１）。黄疸型病毒性肝炎（ｉｃｔｅｒｉｃｖｉｒａｌｈｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓ，ＩＶＨ）患者（３０例）的血清ＳＩｇＡ含量也显著增多（７６．４±２７．８μｇ／ｍｌ，Ｐ＜０．００１），然而却远低于ＳＪ患者的水平（Ｐ＜０．００５）。     

内皮源舒张因子缺乏对大鼠小肠缺血预处理的影响

目的：观察预处理（ＰＣ）的保护现象。方法：应用内皮源舒张因子（ＥＤＲＦ）合成抑制剂左旋硝基精氨酸（Ｌ－ＮＮＡ）复制的大鼠高血压模型。结果：ＰＣ对小肠缺血再灌注（ＩＲ）的保护作用仍然存在，ＰＣ使ＩＲ后肠组织ＭＤＡ产生减少（１０１０±１２５）ｖｓ（３４０．３±１９．９）ｎｍｏｌ／ｇ．ｄ．ｗ，Ｐ＜００１，组织总钙含量降低（４１±０４）ｖｓ（５．２±０．４）μｍｏｌ．ｄ．ｗ，Ｐ＜００１，并减轻了组织乳酸脱氢酶和组织蛋白酶Ｄ漏出（Ｐ＜００１），降低了血管床对伊文思兰的通透性（Ｐ＜００１）。结论：长期ＥＤＲＦ缺乏致高血压动物的器官仍存在ＰＣ现象，提示ＥＤＲＦ不是ＰＣ作用的重要中间因素     

α—MSH对家兔ET性发热反应及脑腹中隔区AVP含量的影响

目的：研究脑腹中隔区精氨酸加压素（ＡＶＰ）在α－黑素细胞刺激素（αＭＳＨ）解热机制中的作用。方法：建立家兔ＥＴ性发热模型，观察侧脑室注射α－ＭＳＨ对家兔ＥＴ性发热反应及脑腹中隔区ＡＶＰ含量的影响。结果：（１）静脉注射ＥＴ（０３μｇ／ｋｇ）引起家兔明显的发热反应（Ｐ＜０００１），并增加脑腹中隔ＡＶＰ含量（Ｐ＜００５）；（２）静脉注射ＥＴ（０３μｇ／ｋｇ）３０ｍｉｎ后，侧脑室注射α－ＭＳＨ（２００ｎｇ／只），能明显抑制家兔发热反应，同时脑腹中隔区ＡＶＰ含量进一步显著增高（Ｐ＜０００１）；（３）侧脑室注射α－ＭＳＨ（２００ｎｇ／只）并不影响家兔正常体温，但增加脑腹中隔区ＡＶＰ含量（Ｐ＜００５）。结论：α－ＭＳＨ的解热作用可能部分是通过腹中隔ＡＶＰ增多来实现的，αＭＳＨ可能是引起发热时脑腹中隔区ＡＶＰ含量增加的一个重要因素。     

过敏性紫癜患者血浆GMP－140、cAMP、cGMP、IgG和IgA水平的研究

采用放射免疫法（ＧＭＰ－１４０用单位点免疫放射法）测定过敏性紫癜患者治疗前（ｎ＝２１）后（ｎ＝１９）血浆α－颗粒膜蛋白（ＧＭＰ－１４０）、环磷酸腺苷（ｃＡＭＰ）、环磷酸鸟苷（ｃＧＭＰ）、免疫球蛋白Ｇ和Ａ（ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ）含量，以３１例健康人作对照．结果，患者与对照比较，血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０（７５４±１６８分子数／血小板，Ｔ＝２．２９５，Ｐ＜０．０５），ｃＡＭＰ（１９．８９±７．９２对１４．２６±５．６３ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｔ＝２．９９９，Ｐ＜０．０１），ｃＧＭＰ（４．８７±２．６２对３．４１±１．６９ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｔ＝２．４４６，Ｐ＜０．０５），ＩｇＧ（１５．７５±５．５４对１１．４５±４．８６ｇ／Ｌ，Ｔ＝２．９５８，Ｐ＜０．０１）和ＩｇＡ（１．６８±０．８７对１．１６±０．５２ｇ／Ｌ，Ｔ＝２．６９８，Ｐ＜０．０１），且ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ水平升高呈正相关（ｒ＝０．４６９，Ｐ＜０．０５）。过敏性紫癜患者临床治愈后上述物质血浆含量下降，与对照比较无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）．提示过敏性紫癜患者血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０、ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ、ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＡ可明显升高，临床治愈后恢复正常。     

哮喘患者支气管肺泡灌洗液中细胞分类及其T细胞亚群的改变

目的和方法：采用间接免疫荧光法和支气管肺泡灌洗液（ｂｒｏｎｃｈｉａｌａｌｖｅｏｌａｒｌａｖａｇｅｆｌｕｉｄ，ＢＡＬＦ）技术观察１２例过敏性哮喘患者和２３例健康人外周血和ＢＡＬＦ中的Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群变化：结果：与健康对照组比较，过敏性哮喘患者外周血的Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群无明显改变，但其ＢＡＬＦ中的ＣＤ４＋细胞显著增高（５４．９７±４１４）％ｖｓ（７９．７１±９．６３）％，Ｐ＜００５；ＣＤ４＋与ＣＤ８＋细胞的比值也显著增高（１６４±０．３２ｖｓ２．３２±０．８３，Ｐ＜００５）。此外，过敏性哮喘患者ＢＡＬＦ中肥大细胞和嗜酸细胞百分比（００９±０．０４）％和（３６２±１．０６）％明显高于健康对照组（００２±０．０１）％和（０．３９±０．３０）％，Ｐ＜００５和Ｐ＜００１。结论：ＣＤ４＋细胞在哮喘的气道炎症中发挥重要作用。     

病毒性肝炎患者IL－1、IL－6和TNFα活性的检测

检测了甲、乙型病毒性肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣｓ）ＩＬ－１、ＩＬ－６和ＴＮＦα的诱生活性及其血清中活性。结果表明，乙型慢性活动性肝炎（ＣＡＨ）、乙型肝炎后肝硬化（ＨＣ）和乙型重型肝炎（ＳＨ）ＰＢＭＣｓ经脂多糖诱导后，ＩＬ－１活性分别为３５３１．１±８８２．７Ｕ／ｍ１、２７６９．７±７３０．４±Ｕ／ｍｌ和５３２９．３±１０８９．３Ｕ／ｍｌ，高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或（０．０１）；ＩＬ－６诱生活性分别为３８．９０±１４．７５Ｕ／ｍ１、２．４５±１８．８５Ｕ／ｍｌ和７１．９５±２８．０５Ｕ／ｍｌ（与正常对照组相比，ｐ＜０．０５或＜０．０１）；ＴＮＦα诱生活性在乙型慢性迁延性肝炎（ＣＰＨ）、ＣＡＨ、ＨＣ和ＳＨ中分别为３３．２３±７．２５Ｕ／ｍｌ、６．９９±１．８４Ｕ／ｍ１、４．２９±２．１７Ｕ／ｍｌ和８６．７０±２４．１８Ｕ／ｍｌ，与对照组相比Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１。各型患者血清中ＩＬ－１、ＩＬ－６和ＴＮＦα活性均有不同程度的增高。文中对ＳＨ患者ＩＬ－１、ＩＬ－６和ＴＮＦα之间的相互关系进行了探讨。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.