Percutaneous Image-Guided Thermal Ablation of Adrenal Metastasis from Melanoma: A Single-Institution Experience

The outcomes of technically successful image-guided percutaneous thermal ablation of melanoma adrenal metastases involving 11 tumors in 9 consecutive patients over 12 years (2009–2020) were evaluated. All patients had multiple treated metastatic sites, and 44.4% (4/9) had greater than 5 metastatic sites. The mean maximal tumor diameter was 3.6 ± 1.6 cm. The local recurrence-free survival at 1 year was 85.7%. With a median survival of 19.4 months, 66.6% (6/9) of patients died from tumor progression. The 1- and 3-year overall survival rate was 60.0% and 30.0%, respectively. All patients were pretreated with alpha-adrenergic blockade, and 36% (4/11) developed a hypertensive crisis. The median hospital length of stay was 1 day (range, 1–2 days), without any major complications. Thermal ablation of adrenal metastasis from a melanoma provides acceptable local control and a good safety profile.     

Protection of the Proximal Articular Cartilage During Percutaneous Thermal Ablation of Acetabular Metastasis Using Temperature Monitoring

CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology - To review our initial experience in acetabular cartilage protection from thermal injury with temperature monitoring during percutaneous image-guided...     

A Single-Institution Experience in Image-Guided Thermal Ablation of Adrenal Gland Metastases

PurposeTo assess safety, technical success, local control, and survival associated with percutaneous image-guided adrenal ablation.Materials and MethodsAdult patients with adrenal metastases who underwent percutaneous image-guided adrenal ablation during the years 2003–2012 were identified. There were 32 patients with 37 adrenal tumors identified. Technical success, safety, local control, and survival were analyzed according to standard criteria.ResultsIn 32 patients (25 men and 7 women; mean age, 66 y; age range, 44–88 y) with 37 adrenal tumors, 35 ablation procedures were performed. One patient with an 8.2-cm tumor underwent planned cryoablation debulking fully anticipating untreated margins owing to close proximity of the pancreas (ie, the intent was to diminish tumor burden rather than a curative intervention). Of the 36 patients treated with curative intent, technical success was achieved in 35 (97%) tumors. Follow-up imaging was performed on 34 of 37 tumors (excluding patients with intentional debulking [n = 1], technical failure [n = 1], and absence of follow-up [n = 1]). Local recurrence developed in 3 (8.8%) of 34 tumors. Local tumor control was achieved in 31 lesions at a mean of 22.7 months of follow-up. Recurrence-free survival and overall survival at 36 months were 88% and 52%, respectively, with a median survival of 34.5 months. A Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4 grade 3 or 4 complication was observed in three (8.6%) ablation procedures.ConclusionsImage-guided ablation is safe and effective for local control of metastatic adrenal tumors and provides a minimally invasive alternative to surgical resection in appropriately selected patients.     

Percutaneous Renal Tumor Ablation: Radiation Exposure During Cryoablation and Radiofrequency Ablation

Introduction

Once reserved solely for non-surgical cases, percutaneous ablation is becoming an increasingly popular treatment option for a wider array of patients with small renal masses and the radiation risk needs to be better defined as this transition continues.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective review of our renal tumor ablation database revealed 425 patients who underwent percutaneous ablation for treatment of 455 renal tumors over a 5-year time period. Imparted radiation dose information was reviewed for each procedure and converted to effective patient dose and skin dose using established techniques. Statistical analysis was performed with each ablative technique.

Results

For the 331 cryoablation procedures, the mean DLP was 6987 mGycm (SD = 2861) resulting in a mean effective dose of 104.7 mSv (SD = 43.5) and the mean CTDI_vol was 558 mGy (SD = 439) resulting in a mean skin dose of 563.2 mGy (SD = 344.1). For the 124 RFA procedures, the mean DLP was 3485 mGycm (SD = 1630) resulting in a mean effective dose of 50.3 mSv (SD = 24.0) and the mean CTDI_vol was 232 mGy (SD = 149) resulting in a mean skin dose of 233.2 mGy (SD = 117.4). The difference in patient radiation exposure between the two renal ablation techniques was statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Both cryoablation and RFA imparted an average skin dose that was well below the 2 Gy deterministic threshold for appreciable sequela. Renal tumor cryoablation resulted in a mean skin and effective radiation dose more than twice that for RFA. The radiation exposure for both renal tumor ablation techniques was at the high end of the medical imaging radiation dose spectrum.

     

超声引导经皮微波消融治疗肾上腺肿瘤

目的观察超声引导经皮微波消融治疗肾上腺肿瘤的安全性和临床疗效。资料与方法 9例肾上腺肿瘤患者(9个病灶),其中肾上腺转移癌5例,肾上腺嗜咯细胞瘤1例,肾上腺非功能性腺瘤3例。肿瘤直径2.0～4.5cm。治疗时在超声引导下将水冷式微波天线置入肿瘤内,肿瘤直径<2cm者使用一根微波天线,肿瘤直径>2cm者使用2根微波天线。邻近肠道的肾上腺肿瘤,在微波辐射时瘤周测温,保持治疗温度<54℃,同时辅以瘤周无水乙醇注射(5～8ml)以增强疗效。微波消融后3d内行超声造影观察有无残存肿瘤,造影无肿瘤残存者于治疗后第1、3个月,随后每3～4个月行增强CT/MR评价肿瘤的治疗效果。结果 8例病灶在1次消融后完全坏死,1例病灶在2次消融后完全坏死,微波消融无严重并发症出现,随访期内未发生肿瘤局部复发。结论超声引导经皮微波消融肾上腺肿瘤安全有效、副作用小,是治疗局限性肾上腺肿瘤的有效方法。     

Incidence and Cause of Hypertension During Adrenal Radiofrequency Ablation

Purpose

To evaluate the incidence and cause of hypertension prospectively during adrenal radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Methods

For this study, approved by our institutional review board, written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Patients who received RFA for adrenal tumors (adrenal ablation) and other abdominal tumors (nonadrenal ablation) were included in this prospective study. Blood pressure was monitored during RFA. Serum adrenal hormone levels including epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and cortisol levels were measured before and during RFA. The respective incidences of procedural hypertension (systolic blood pressure >200?mmHg) of the two patient groups were compared. Factors correlating with procedural systolic blood pressure were evaluated by regression analysis.

Results

Nine patients underwent adrenal RFA and another 9 patients liver (n?=?5) and renal (n?=?4) RFA. Asymptomatic procedural hypertension that returned to the baseline by injecting calcium blocker was found in 7 (38.9%) of 18 patients. The incidence of procedural hypertension was significantly higher in the adrenal ablation group (66.7%, 6/9) than in the nonadrenal ablation group (11.1%, 1/9, P?<?0.0498). Procedural systolic blood pressure was significantly correlated with serum epinephrine (R ²?=?0.68, P?<?0.0001) and norepinephrine (R ²?=?0.72, P?<?0.0001) levels during RFA. The other adrenal hormones did not show correlation with procedural systolic blood pressure.

Conclusion

Hypertension occurs frequently during adrenal RFA because of the release of catecholamine.     

Lessons in IR: Track Metastasis after Percutaneous Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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Image-Guided Percutaneous Ablation of Adrenal Metastases: A Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Safety

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous ablation of adrenal metastases through a meta-analysis of various image-guided percutaneous ablation techniques.Materials and MethodsA comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Embase databases was performed for studies evaluating the efficacy and/or safety of image-guided percutaneous ablation of adrenal metastases. A total of 37 studies published between 2009 and 2020 were analyzed, comprising a sample size of 959 patients. Proportion estimates of overall survival, local control, and toxicity were analyzed in a pooled meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of adverse events after ablation was calculated based on common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) grading.ResultsOf the 959 included patients, 320 (33.3%) underwent radiofrequency ablation, 72 (7.5%) microwave ablation, 95 (9.9%) cryoablation, and 46 (4.8%) ethanol injections for treatment of adrenal metastases. The remaining 426 (44.4%) patients were from studies involving a mixture of the 4 listed percutaneous ablation techniques. The pooled 1-year local control rate was 80% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76%–83%). The pooled 1-year overall survival rate was 77% (95% CI, 70%–83%). The overall rate of severe adverse events after ablation (CTCAE grade 3 or higher) was 16.1%. The overall rate of low-grade adverse events after ablation (CTCAE grade 2 or lower) was 32.6%. Approximately 21.9% (n = 203) of patients experienced intraprocedural hypertensive crises, the majority of which were reversed with antihypertensive medications.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that image-guided percutaneous ablation can be effective in achieving acceptable short- to mid-term local tumor control and overall survival with a moderate safety profile.     

Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor: a Possible Complication of Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

An inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an uncommon, benign lesion characterized by the mesenchymal proliferation and infiltration of inflammatory cells composed primarily of lymphocytes and plasma cells. A percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective and safe therapeutic modality used for the management of liver malignancies. Here we report, for the first time, a case of IMT as a complication of RFA for hepatocellular carcinoma in a 61-year-old man with a Child''s class A hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis. Gastrohepatic fistula formation was pathologically proven and associated with the RFA. Such a longstanding inflammation of the fistula might have been a possible cause of the development of IMT in this case.     

Emergency Renal Ablation for Life-Threatening Hemorrhage from Multiple Capsular Branches During Renal Artery Stenting

A 55-year-old woman underwent bilateral renal artery stent placement with good angiographic result. After the procedure, the patient complained of left flank pain secondary to subcapsular hematoma. Retrospective evaluation of images taken during stent implantation favored the diagnosis of guidewire perforation. Three hours after the procedure, contrast-enhanced computed tomography and subsequent renal angiography showed multifocal extravasations. We performed emergent renal ablation for the treatment of massive bleeding. To our knowledge, this is the first use of transcatheter renal ablation technique for this purpose.     

Adjunctive Thermoprotection During Percutaneous Thermal Ablation Procedures: Review of Current Techniques

CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology - Although rare, unintended thermal injury to organs surrounding the ablation zone can lead to severe complications. Over the past 15&nbsp;years,...     

Combination of Microwave Ablation and Percutaneous Osteoplasty for Treatment of Painful Extraspinal Bone Metastasis

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of microwave (MW) ablation combined with percutaneous osteoplasty (POP) on painful extraspinal bone metastases.Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective study, 50 adult patients with 56 extraspinal bone metastasis lesions, who suffered from refractory moderate to severe pain, were treated with MW ablation and POP. Changes in quality of life were evaluated based on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), daily morphine consumption, and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) before and immediately after the procedure and during follow-up times.ResultsTechnical success was achieved in all patients. Mean preoperative VAS score and morphine dose were 7.0 ± 2.6 (range, 3–10) and 66.7 ± 33.2 mg (range, 10–120 mg), respectively. Mean postoperative VAS scores and daily morphine doses were as follows: 1 day, 3.5 ± 2.1 and 36.1 ± 25.8 mg (P < .05); 1 week, 1.5 ± 1.7 and 12.2 ± 14.8 mg (P < .001); 1 month, 0.9 ± 1.4 and 5.7 ± 10.0 mg (P < .001); and 3 months, 0.6 ± 1.2 and 4.7 ± 8.4 mg (P < .001). A significant decrease in the ODI score was also observed (P < .05). Periprocedural death was not observed. A pathologic fracture occurred in 1 (2%) patient with femoral metastasis, and local infection was observed in 2 (4%) patients. Minor cement leakage occurred in 4 (8%) patients with no symptomatic or intra-articular extravasation. No local tumor progression occurred in patients with imaging follow-up.ConclusionsMW ablation combined with POP is an effective and safe treatment for painful extraspinal bone metastases, which can significantly relieve pain and improve quality of life.     

肾上腺囊肿CT诊断

目的 探讨MDCT在肾上腺囊肿中的诊断.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的21例肾上腺囊肿的临床及MDCT表现.全部病例均行CT平扫及增强扫描.结果 21例肾上腺囊肿,其中9例呈圆形,4例呈椭圆形,8例呈分叶状.平扫囊内密度均匀, 13例有钙化;增强扫描囊内均无强化,5例囊壁呈环形强化,其余16例无强化.结论 MDCT增强扫描对于肾上腺囊肿定位、定性诊断较具特异性.     

Imaging-Guided Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation of Adrenal Metastases: Preliminary Results at a Single Institution with a Single Device

The aim of this study was to show the feasibility, safety, imaging appearance, and short-term efficacy of image-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of adrenal metastases (AM). Seven imaging-guided percutaneous RFA treatments were performed in six patients (two men and four women; mean age, 67.2 years; range, 55–74 years) with six AM who were referred to our institution from 2003 to 2006. One patient was treated twice for recurrence after first treatment. The average diameter of the treated AM was 29 mm (range, 15–40 mm). In all patients, the diagnosis was obtained with CT current protocols in use at our institution and confirmed by pathology with an image-guided biopsy. No major complications occurred. In one patient shortly after initiation of the procedure, severe hypertension was noted; another patient developed post-RFA syndrome. In five of six lesions, there was no residual enhancement of the treated tumor. In one patient CT examination showed areas of residual enhancement of the tumor after treatment. Our preliminary results suggest that imaging-guided percutaneous RFA is effective for local control of AM, without major complications and with a low morbidity rate related to the procedure. Long-term follow-up will need to be performed and appropriate patient selection criteria will need to be determined in future randomized trials.     

Percutaneous Microwave Ablation of Hepatic Tumors: Prospective Evaluation of Postablation Syndrome and Postprocedural Pain

PurposeTo prospectively investigate the frequency and severity of postablation syndrome (PAS) and postprocedural pain in a cohort of patients undergoing hepatic microwave ablation.Materials and MethodsFrom March 2009 to November 2011, 54 consecutive patients undergoing microwave ablation for liver tumors were enrolled. A questionnaire was administered to investigate PAS and pain at 1, 7, and 40 days after ablation. Four patients did not complete all three questionnaires and were excluded from the analysis. Additionally, laboratory tests with results known to significantly increase or decrease after ablation were performed, and ablation parameters were recorded. Potential predictors of PAS and pain at 1 and 7 days were evaluated by a logistic regression model.ResultsFifty patients underwent a single microwave ablation session, 33 for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 17 for liver metastasis. Median ablation volumes on computed tomography were 31 cm³ for HCC and 42 cm³ for metastasis. Sixty percent of patients experienced PAS in the first week. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels after ablation were significantly associated with PAS during postprocedure days 1–7. Median visual analog scale scores for pain at the puncture site were 1 and 0.24 at 1 and 7 days, respectively. The risk of having at least moderate pain in the first week was significantly related to ablation volume and time and postablation increase in AST level.ConclusionsThe incidence and severity of PAS with hepatic microwave ablation is similar to that reported for radiofrequency ablation, with the best predictive factor being postablation AST level elevation. Postablation pain was best predicted by total ablation volume and AST level.