应用聚合酶链式反应检测国人10种牙周病可疑致病菌

目的 :应用聚合酶链式反应分别检测国人不同牙周情况者龈下菌斑中 10种牙周可疑致病菌 ,观察其分布特点 ,并初步分析不同的细菌组合与牙周病的关系。方法 :从 3组对象 :健康组 ,龈炎组和牙周炎组中采取 12 4例龈下菌斑 ,提取DNA ,分别用 10种牙周病可疑致病菌的特异引物 ,采取聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增 16SrDNA片段来鉴定细菌种类。用统计软件分析细菌与各项临床指标的关系。结果 :经 χ2 检验 ,龈炎组和牙周病组牙龈卟啉菌的检出率高于健康组 (P <0 .0 5) ,牙周病组福塞氏类杆菌、中间型普里沃氏菌、齿垢密螺旋体 ,变黑普里沃氏菌的检出率高于健康组和龈炎组 (P <0 .0 5)。经Logistic回归进一步分析 ,中间型普氏沃氏菌、齿垢密螺旋体和变黑普里沃氏菌与牙周病关系更为密切 ;中间型普里沃氏菌、变黑普里沃氏菌和生痰二菌化碳噬纤维菌与附着丧失有关 ,而Pi和Td对探诊出血影响较大。结论 :我国人群的牙周病可疑致病菌的分布有自已的特点。     

DNA probe detection of periodontopathogens in advanced periodontitis

Species-specific DNA probes were used to determine the presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.), Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola. Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum , and Wolinella recta in subgingival plaque from deep pockets/sites of patients with advanced periodontitis. The subjects were 20 patients with severe adult periodontitis, 13 men and 7 women (mean age 45.6 ± 6.7 yr). For each subject, 9–10 subgingival sites with the deepest probing depths from each quadrant were sampled by the paper point method, a total of 198 sites, with mean probing depth 7.2 ± 1.6 mm and clinical attachment level 9.5 ± 2.7 mm. A.a . was present in at least one site in 75% of the subjects; P. gingivalis was found in 95%; P. intermedia and W. recta were found in 90%, respectively; and T. denticola, E. corrodens , and F. nucleatum were found in all subjects. In the 198 samples, A.a . was detected in 25.8%, P. gingivalis in 51.5%, P. intermedia in 64.1%, T. denticola in 60.6%, E. corrodens in 72.9%, F. nucleatum in 74.7%, and W. recta in 65.7%. The predominant combination was the simultaneous presence of P. intermedia, T. denticola, E. corrodens, F. nucleatum , and W. recta in 89.5% of the subjects and 46.8% of the sites. Of these sites, 51.1% showed the combined presence of P. gingivalis and 28.4% that of both A.a . and P. gingivalis . None of the seven bacteria could be detected in 14.4% of the total sites sampled. The present study indicates that severe destructive adult periodontitis is a multibacterial infection and that certain combinations of periodontopathogens seein to be important in the pathogenesis of the disease.     

Reaction of human sera from juvenile periodontitis, rapidly progressive periodontitis, and adult periodontitis patients with selected periodontopathogens

The levels of serum antibody reactive to selected periodontopathogens were determined in 182 clinically characterized patients: 35 healthy control, 50 juvenile periodontitis, 42 adult periodontitis and 55 rapidly progressive periodontitis. Reactive antibody levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with whole cell preparations of Bacteroides gingivalis, Capnocytophaga (Bacteroides) ochraceus, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Y-4) serving as antigens. Increased reactivity to B. gingivalis and F. nucleatum was observed in all three disease groups studied while antibody reactive to A. actinomycetemcomitans was increased in juvenile and rapidly progressive periodontitis. Antibody levels reactive to C. ochraceus in healthy subjects did not differ from those observed in any disease patient groups. Possible implications in the etiology and progression of the diseases coupled with environmental changes which occur in the econiche of the periodontal pocket are described.     

Antibiotic susceptibility of putative periodontal pathogens in advanced periodontitis patients

In the present study, the antibiotic susceptibility of most prevalent micro-organisms in advanced periodontitis patients was evaluated. In 56 patients, pooled subgingival plaque samples were taken from the deepest site of each quadrant and were cultivated anaerobically. From each patient, the 4 most frequently encountered types of bacterial colonies were subcultured and identified (Rapid ID 32 A). From all bacterial species identified in the 224 subcultures, the 4 most prevalent were used for susceptibility testing to tetracycline, metronidazole and amoxicillin/clavulanate using the E Test. The most prevalent microorganisms were Fusobacterium nucleatum (38/214), Peptostreptococcus micros (33/214), Prevotella oralis (33/214) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (32/214). Regarding antibiotic susceptibility it could be shown that minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in all cases was below antibiotic concentrations achievable in gingival crevicular fluid. However, antibiotic resistance was seen in 3 to 29% of the investigated microorganisms.     

Local and systemic antibody response to putative periodontopathogens in patients with chronic periodontitis: correlation with clinical indices

Specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA and IgM antibody titres to Porphyromonas gingivali s and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum and gingival crevicular fluid at 5 sites in each of 20 chronic periodontitis patients. Specific serum antibody litres correlated with mean gingival crevicular fluid litres. The 3 immunoglobulin subclass responses (IgA, IgG and IgM) to P. gingivalis correlated. A comparison of sites with probing depth < 4 mm and ≥4 mm showed that the latter group had significantly lower gingival crevicular fluid IgG titres lo P. gingivalis. Sites with a gingival index of 3 had significantly lower gingival crevicular fluid IgG litres to this organism than those with a gingival index of less than 3. These findings supporl the concepl that the humoral immune response is protective, as chronic periodontitis patients with greater pockel depths and more gingival inflammation had paradoxically lower antibody titres to suspected periodontopalhogens.     

Relationship between herpesviruses and periodontopathogens in patients with HIV and periodontitis

Background: The purpose of the present study is to verify a possible association between herpesviruses and periodontal pathogens in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and periodontitis. Methods: Twenty‐seven patients with HIV and chronic periodontitis and 23 patients with HIV and gingivitis were included in the study. Probing depth, clinical attachment loss, gingival index, and plaque index were recorded. Blood, saliva, and subgingival plaque were processed for viral and bacterial identification. Bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA‐based polymerase chain reaction and viruses by the nested polymerase chain reaction. Results: For the chronic periodontitis group, Epstein‐Barr (EBV)‐1 (70.4%) and Tannerella forsythia (Tf) (51.8%) presented higher detection in subgingival plaque and saliva (81.5% and 40.7%, respectively) than in blood (22% and 0%, respectively) (P <0.005 and P <0.0001, respectively). Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) was more frequent in subgingival plaque (77.7%; P <0.0001). In the gingivitis group, Pg and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) presented higher frequency in subgingival plaque (95.6% and 91.3%, respectively; P <0.0001 and P = 0.004). Tf and EBV‐1 were detected more frequently in subgingival plaque (47.8% and 78.3%, respectively) and saliva (52.2% and 52.2%, respectively; P = 0.004 and P <0.005) than in blood. EBV‐1, EBV‐1–HCMV, and presence of different viruses presented an association with periodontitis in saliva. Conclusions: No association was detected for herpesviruses and periodontal pathogens in patients who are HIV‐positive with periodontitis. EBV‐1 and coinfection (EBV‐1–HCMV) were associated with patients who are HIV‐positive with periodontitis.     

Interleukin-8 and granulocyte elastase in gingival crevicular fluid in relation to periodontopathogens in untreated adult periodontitis

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the relationships among interleukin (IL)-8 and granulocyte elastase levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the concomitant presence of periodontopathogens in untreated adult periodontitis. METHODS: GCF and subgingival plaque samples were collected from 16 patients with untreated adult periodontitis and 10 healthy control subjects. IL-8 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Granulocyte elastase was analyzed with a neutrophilic granulocyte-specific, low molecular weight and chromogenic substrate, L-pyroglutamyl-L-prolyl-L-valine-p-nitroanilide, and the maximal rate of elastase activity (MR-EA) was calculated. Five DNA probes were used to detect the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.), B. forsythus (B.f.), P. gingivalis (P.g.), P. intermedia (P.i.), and T. denticola (T.d.). RESULTS: Lower IL-8 concentrations and higher granulocyte elastase activities were found in patients than in healthy controls as well as in diseased conditions co-infected with B.f., P.g., P.i., and T.d. as compared to healthy conditions without the target species (P <0.05). IL-8 concentrations were positively correlated with MR-EA levels in the periodontitis conditions co-infected with B.f., P.g., P.i., and T.d. (P <0.05). A wide range of IL-8 concentrations was found among 15 patients when the periodontitis condition was characterized by co-infection with B.f., P.g., P.i., and T.d. MR-EA levels in the high IL-8 group of subjects were significantly higher than those in the low IL-8 group of subjects (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that the local host-bacteria interactions in untreated periodontitis are diverse in terms of the intensity of inflammatory responses measured by IL-8-related granulocyte elastase activity in GCF. This might reflect different phases of the inflammatory response due to shifts in host-bacteria interactions and therefore be indicative of a range of periodontal disease activity levels.     

Prevalence of 6 putative periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque samples from Romanian adult periodontitis patients

Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine by standard cultivation procedures the detection frequencies of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides forsythus, and Capnocytophaga species as well as various enteric rods in subgingival plaque samples form Romanian adult periodontitis patients. DNA probe analysis (Affirm^TM DP Microbial Identification Test) was also used, parallel to cultivation, to identify P. gingivalis. A. actinomycetemcomitans, and B. for- sythus, in deep (≥6 mm) and intermediate (4–5 mm) pockets in some of the subjects investigated. Paper points were used to sample 86 deep pockets in 36 patients and 27 intermediate pockets in 9 of the 36 patients. The x² test was used to test for significance of differences between results obtained by cultivation and DMA analysis in both intermediate and deep pockets. P. gingivalis was recovered in a high percentage of the patients (75,8%) and sites (63.6%) examined, followed by P. intermedia, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans, respectively. Capnocytophaga species were present in almost all subjects. Enteric rods were recovered in 61.1% of the patients and 55.8% of the sites. Except for this high prevalence of enteric rods, the present group of patients had the periodontal species monitored in %s similar to those commonly perceived in the West. The Affirm M DP Test and cultivation showed poor correlation in detecting P. gingivalis. A. actinomycetemcomitans, and B. forsythus. The cultivation prevalence of P. gingivalis and P. intermedia in deep pockets was similar to their prevalence in intermediate ones. Overall, the prevalence of the periodontal pathogens investigated in the present Romanian periodontitis patients is similar to what has been revealed in matching Norwegian and other Western periodontitis patient populations. The high prevalence of enteric rods in the Romanian patients may have been an artifact resulting from prolonged transport of the samples in VMGA III.     

Analysis of serum antibody responses to periodontopathogens in early-onset periodontitis patients from different geographical locations

Abstract. Serum antibody specificity to oral micro-organisms was used to delineate the pathogens associated with early-onset periodontal diseases in a Turkish population. Additionally, comparison of the findings to those derived from a clinically similar US patient population described differences in bacterial specific antibody between these 2 geographic regions. Serum from 89 (LJP), 86 (RPP) and 94 (normal) subjects was analyzed (ELISA) to determine IgG antibody to 14 oral micro-organisms. All LJP patients from Turkey exhibited elevated antibody levels to A. actinomycetemcomitans (serotypes c and a significantly increased), while antibody levels to A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 and JP2 (serotype b) were significantly higher in US LJP patients. 50% of the Turkish RPP patients also showed elevated anti- A. actinomycetemeomitans antibody, although the US RPP patients exhibited significantly higher antibody levels and frequency of elevated antibody to the A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. Healthy subjects and LJP and RPP patients from the US exhibited higher antibody levels to all 3 P. gingivalis serogroups compared to those from Turkey, although, the frequency of elevated antibody to the P. gingivalis serogroups was significantly higher in LJP and RPP patients from Turkey than from the US. Interestingly, 87% and 77% of the LJP patients in the Turkish population had elevated antibody responses to P. gingivalis and E. corrodens , respectively, which was not observed in the US LJP patients. These data suggested that considerable variation exists in the systemic antibody levels to periodontopathogens between these 2 countries. This supports potential differences in subgingival colonization or antigenic composition of these pathogens between patient populations from different geographical regions.     

顽固性根尖周感染根管内常见致病微生物的研究

目的:研究根管内常见致病微生物在顽固性根尖周感染根尖组织中的检出情况。方法:收集26例顽固性根尖周感染病人的根尖周病变组织,抽提组织DNA成分,用二步聚合酶链反应(polymerase chainreaction,PCR)技术检测根尖周病变组织内的可疑致病菌的存在情况,包括粪肠球菌(E.faecalis,Ef)、牙龈卟啉单胞菌(P.gingivalis,Pg)、牙髓卟啉单胞菌(P.endodontalis,Pe),中间普氏菌(P.intermedia,Pi)、具核梭杆菌(F.nucleatum,Fn)、伴放线放线杆菌(A.actinomycetemcomitans,Aa)、福赛特纳菌(T.forsythensis,Tf)和齿垢密螺旋体(T.denticola,Td)。结果:在26例根尖周组织样本中有14例中出现目标微生物感染,其中Ef感染7例(27%),Pg感染5例(19%),Pe感染5例(19%),Pi感染3例(12%),Fn感染3例(12%),Aa感染1例(4%),Tf感染4例(15%)、Td感染2例(8%)。结论:顽固性根尖周感染的根尖周病变组织中有微生物存在。     

伴2型糖尿病的慢性牙周炎牙周可疑致病菌的检测

目的 检测伴2型糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)的慢性牙周炎(chronic periodontitis,CP)患者龈下菌斑中牙周可疑致病菌的种类和构成,从微生物学角度探讨牙周炎与DM的相互作用机制.方法 采集伴2型DM的CP患者154例(DM组)、不伴DM的单纯CP患者120例(CP组)及40名全身及牙周健康者(N组)的龈下集合菌斑,传统酚-氯仿法提取菌斑DNA,以牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis,Pg),伴放线放线杆菌(Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans,Aa),具核梭杆菌(Fusobacterium nucleatum,Fn),中间普氏菌(Prevotella intermedia,Pi),福塞坦氏菌(Tannerella forsythia,Tf),齿垢密螺旋体(Treponema denticola,Td)为目标菌,应用以16SrRNA为基础的聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术对龈下菌群进行检测.结果 Pg、Aa、Fn、Pi、Tf、Td在DM组中均可检出;与CP组相比,在性别、年龄、牙周状况基本一致的情况下,轻度牙周炎者DM组Pi的检出率为35%(8/23),CP组为65%(13/20),两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);重度牙周炎者DM组Pg、Aa、Tf的检出率分别为78%(72/92)、27%(25/92)、67%(62/92),CP组分别为58%(35/60)、17%(10/60)、43%(26/60),DM组均显著高于CP组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).同时,DM组Aa、Tf PCR产物的平均灰度值(average gradation,AVG)比值显著高于CP组,Pi的AVG比值明显低于CP组,P<0.05.结论 与单纯CP相比,伴2型DM的牙周炎患者龈下菌斑中Pg、Aa、Tf的数量增多,Pi的数量减少.     

伴2型糖尿病的慢性牙周炎牙周可疑致病菌的检测

目的 检测伴2型糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)的慢性牙周炎(chronic periodontitis,CP)患者龈下菌斑中牙周可疑致病菌的种类和构成,从微生物学角度探讨牙周炎与DM的相互作用机制.方法 采集伴2型DM的CP患者154例(DM组)、不伴DM的单纯CP患者120例(CP组)及40名全身及牙周健康者(N组)的龈下集合菌斑,传统酚-氯仿法提取菌斑DNA,以牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis,Pg),伴放线放线杆菌(Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans,Aa),具核梭杆菌(Fusobacterium nucleatum,Fn),中间普氏菌(Prevotella intermedia,Pi),福塞坦氏菌(Tannerella forsythia,Tf),齿垢密螺旋体(Treponema denticola,Td)为目标菌,应用以16SrRNA为基础的聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术对龈下菌群进行检测.结果 Pg、Aa、Fn、Pi、Tf、Td在DM组中均可检出;与CP组相比,在性别、年龄、牙周状况基本一致的情况下,轻度牙周炎者DM组Pi的检出率为35%(8/23),CP组为65%(13/20),两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);重度牙周炎者DM组Pg、Aa、Tf的检出率分别为78%(72/92)、27%(25/92)、67%(62/92),CP组分别为58%(35/60)、17%(10/60)、43%(26/60),DM组均显著高于CP组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).同时,DM组Aa、Tf PCR产物的平均灰度值(average gradation,AVG)比值显著高于CP组,Pi的AVG比值明显低于CP组,P<0.05.结论 与单纯CP相比,伴2型DM的牙周炎患者龈下菌斑中Pg、Aa、Tf的数量增多,Pi的数量减少.     

伴2型糖尿病的慢性牙周炎牙周可疑致病菌的检测

目的 检测伴2型糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)的慢性牙周炎(chronic periodontitis,CP)患者龈下菌斑中牙周可疑致病菌的种类和构成,从微生物学角度探讨牙周炎与DM的相互作用机制.方法 采集伴2型DM的CP患者154例(DM组)、不伴DM的单纯CP患者120例(CP组)及40名全身及牙周健康者(N组)的龈下集合菌斑,传统酚-氯仿法提取菌斑DNA,以牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis,Pg),伴放线放线杆菌(Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans,Aa),具核梭杆菌(Fusobacterium nucleatum,Fn),中间普氏菌(Prevotella intermedia,Pi),福塞坦氏菌(Tannerella forsythia,Tf),齿垢密螺旋体(Treponema denticola,Td)为目标菌,应用以16SrRNA为基础的聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术对龈下菌群进行检测.结果 Pg、Aa、Fn、Pi、Tf、Td在DM组中均可检出;与CP组相比,在性别、年龄、牙周状况基本一致的情况下,轻度牙周炎者DM组Pi的检出率为35%(8/23),CP组为65%(13/20),两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);重度牙周炎者DM组Pg、Aa、Tf的检出率分别为78%(72/92)、27%(25/92)、67%(62/92),CP组分别为58%(35/60)、17%(10/60)、43%(26/60),DM组均显著高于CP组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).同时,DM组Aa、Tf PCR产物的平均灰度值(average gradation,AVG)比值显著高于CP组,Pi的AVG比值明显低于CP组,P<0.05.结论 与单纯CP相比,伴2型DM的牙周炎患者龈下菌斑中Pg、Aa、Tf的数量增多,Pi的数量减少.     

Relative avidity of serum antibodies to putative periodontopathogens in periodontal disease

ELISA was used to determine both the avidity and titre of IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies to the gram-negative anaerobe. Porphyromonas gingivalis, in twenty periodontitis patients enrolled in a longitudinal study of attachment loss and eleven non-periodontitis affected subjects. The avidity and titre of IgG antibodies to Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans were also examined. A cross-sectional analysis of the longitudinal patients at baseline and non-periodontally affected controls confirmed earlier findings that IgG and IgA antibody titres to P. gingivalis were higher in periodontitis patients than in individuals who were not periodontally affected. In this cross-sectional analysis, IgG antibody avidities to P. gingivalis were not found to be significantly higher in periodontitis than in control subjects (p = 0.065). However, indications of the potential prognostic value of antibody avidity was demonstrated by the higher IgM avidities to P. gingivalis in patients who did not experience attachment loss during the three-month monitoring period than in those who did (p=0.0005).     

Salivary arginase in patients with adult periodontitis

Human saliva has been shown to possess enzymatic activities, one of which is derived from arginase. Arginase is known to be an arginine-depleting enzyme belonging to the l-arginine/nitric oxide pathway. The aim of this study was to examine the possible role of arginase activity of saliva in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Mixed saliva samples were collected from 20 adult periodontitis patients and 15 systemically and periodontally healthy subjects. Salivary arginase and total protein contents were determined by using spectrophotometrical enzyme analysis and salivary arginase was expressed as specific activity. Periodontal disease status was determined by clinical periodontal assessments including probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index and gingival index. While the increase in total protein was not statistically significant, arginase levels in the patient group were significantly higher than the controls. All periodontal indices were found to be significantly higher in the periodontitis group, but no meaningful correlation was observed between the biochemical and periodontal variables in both groups. Furthermore, no significant correlation existed between the amount of arginase and total protein. In conclusion, it was suggested that salivary arginase activity in periodontitis along with the arginine-nitric oxide pathway may be involved in the disease process by using the common substrate l-arginine and inhibiting nitric oxide production. Received: 31 May 1999 / Accepted 20 October 1999     

Detection of Prevotella intermedia in subgingival plaque of adult periodontitis patients by polymerase chain reaction

A PCR assay was developed that could specifically amplify DNA from the periodontal pathogen Prevotella intermedia. A pair of primers was selected from regions of the 16S rRNA gene of P. intermedia that were both divergent in sequence at their 3' ends with respect to the corresponding regions of the 16S rRNA gene of P. nigreseens , its most closely related species, and used in the PCR assay. Positivity was indicated by amplification of an 855 bp product. Using purified genomic DNA from these 2 species, assay conditions were determined under which only P. intermedia DNA and not P. nigrescens DNA was amplifiable. Absolute specificity of the assay was confirmed by the fact that no amplification products were obtained when using DNA from several other important periodontal organisms. The optimized PCR assay was used to identify P. intermedia in subgingival plaque samples of patients with adult periodontitis. Confirmation of amplification of P. intermedia DNA was achieved by digestion of PCR products with the restriction endonuclease R sal, which gives different restriction patterns for P. intermedia and P. nigrescens. Of the 97 samples analysed, 38 (39%) were positive for P. intermedia. The results obtained confirm P. intermedia as a possible aetiological agent of adult periodontitis. Additionally, PCR primers targeting the corresponding region of the 16S rRNA gene of P. nigrescens were shown to be specific for the organism when used in a PCR assay, although P. nigrescens was not detectable in any of the subgingival plaques analysed.     

Detection of Prevotella intermedia in subgingival plaque of adult periodontitis patients by polymerase chain reaction

A PCR assay was developed that could specifically amplify DNA from the periodontal pathogen Prevotella intermedia. A pair of primers was selected from regions of the 16S rRNA gene of P. intermedia that were both divergent in sequence at their 3′ ends with respect to the corresponding regions of the 16S rRNA gene of P. nigrescens, its most closely related species, and used in the PCR assay. Positivity was indicated by amplification of an 855 bp product. Using purified genomic DNA from these 2 species, assay conditions were determined under which only P. intermedia DNA and not P. nigrescens DNA was amplifiable. Absolute specificity of the assay was confirmed by the fact that no amplification products were obtained when using DNA from several other important periodontal organisms. The optimized PCR assay was used to identify P. intermedia in subgingival plaque samples of patients with adult periodontitis. Confirmation of amplification of P. intermedia DNA was achieved by digestion of PCR products with the restriction endonuclease Rsal, which gives different restriction patterns for P. intermedia and P. nigrescens. Of the 97 samples analysed, 38 (39%) were positive for P. intermedia. The results obtained confirm P. intermedia as a possible aetiological agent of adult periodontitis. Additionally, PCR primers targeting the corresponding region of the 16S rRNA gene of P. nigrescens were shown to be specific for the organism when used in a PCR assay, although P. nigrescens was not detectable in any of the subgingival plaques analysed.     

成人牙周炎病人龋患情况的初步调查

目的：探讨成人牙周炎病人与牙周正常者龋患情况有无差别。方法：收集在协和医院门诊口腔科就诊的病人132例，其中牙周炎组病人91例，牙周正常组病人41例，分别检查这132例病人口腔卫生状况和牙体龋患情况。结果：两组的饮食习惯无显著差异，而实验组牙周炎病人的口腔卫生状况较对照组差，但其龋补牙面数却明显低于对照组，两组有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论：同一口腔范围内牙周炎和龋病的发病可能有拮抗倾向。     

侵袭性牙周炎病原微生物的检测

目的检测侵袭性牙周炎（AgP）患者和牙周健康者龈下菌斑中的7种病原微生物,旨在寻找AgP的主要致病微生物.方法应用以16S rRNA为基础的聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术,检测55例AgP患者和17名健康对照者龈下菌斑中的7种牙周病原微生物：伴放线放线杆菌（Aa）,牙龈卟啉单胞菌（Pg）,福赛坦氏菌（Tf）,牙密螺旋体（Td）,直肠弯曲杆菌（Cr）,中间普氏菌（Pi）,变黑普氏菌（Pn）.结果55例AgP患者中仅有1例检测出Aa,而在健康对照者中未检出该菌.Pg、Tf、Td和Cr在AgP组的检出率分别为81.8%、83.6%、80.0%和81.8%,显著高于健康对照者（17.6%、11.8%、5.9%、29.4%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论Pd、Tf、Td和Cr 4种微生物在AgP患者中有较高的检出率,提示它们的共同定植可能在AgP中起重要作用.     

The detection of eight putative periodontal pathogens in adult and rapidly progressive periodontitis patients: an institutional study.

PURPOSE: Periodontal disease is a commonly prevalent problem faced alike by both the developed and third world countries but showing wide variations in prevalence and severity across different geographical areas. The purpose was to identify Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Ekinella corrodens (Ec), Campylobacter rectus (Cr), Bacteroides forsythus (Bf), Treponema denticola (Td) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) in Indian adult periodontitis and rapidly progressive periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Paper points were used to collect the sample from 28 sites in both adult periodontitis and rapidly progressive periodontitis (8 healthy/20 diseased sites) patients and DNA analysis done. The categorical data was analysed by Fishers exact test and difference in the clinical parameters was tested by Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: In healthy sites of adult and rapidly progressive periodontitis patients, Aa, Ec, Bf and Aa, Pg, Pi, Td, Fn were detected respectively. However, when diseased and healthy sites were compared in both adult periodontitis and rapidly progressive periodontitis patients respectively, only Pg( P =0.004), Cr( P =0.04), Fn( P =0.014) and Pg( P =0.002), Cr( P =0.02), Fn( P =0.008) were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of the microorganisms correlate with the clinical parameters like probing depth and bleeding on probing as seen in the Japanese and Western periodontitis patients' population.