内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗胃间质瘤24例护理体会

目的：探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）治疗胃间质瘤的有效护理配合。方法：对24例胃间质瘤应用头端弯曲的针形切开刀进行ESD治疗,护理协助一次性完整切除病变。结果：20例病变一次性完整剥离,4例未能剥离后接受外科手术。ESD手术时间25-140 min（平均62.5 min）。1例术中出现消化道穿孔,应用金属夹成功闭合。术中平均出血量约60 mL,术后均未出现出血,亦未出现其他并发症。结论：ESD治疗胃间质瘤安全、有效,术前护理准备、术中护理配合、术后精细护理对提高手术疗效和安全性非常重要。     

内镜下尼龙绳套扎联合黏膜下剥离术治疗胃隆起性病变临床分析

目的探讨内镜下尼龙绳套扎联合黏膜下剥离术治疗胃隆起性病变的疗效及安全性。方法对25例经胃镜检查发现的胃隆起性病变常规行小探头超声内镜检查,明确病变位于粘膜层或粘膜下层,先行尼龙绳套扎,然后在尼龙绳上方行黏膜下剥离术,2～4周后内镜下复查创面愈合情况。结果25例全部一次性套扎并切除成功,术中发生渗血1例,尼龙绳脱落1例,无大出血及穿孔病例。分别于术后2～4周复查发现23例创面完全愈合,2例创面处浅溃疡。结论内镜下尼龙绳套扎联合黏膜下剥离术治疗胃隆起性病变是一种安全、有效、操作简便、经济的方法,值得临床广泛应用。     

内镜下橡皮圈套扎术在上消化道广基息肉切除术中的应用

目的探讨橡皮圈套扎术在上消化道广基息肉切除术中的应用。方法回顾分析54例术前病理证实为良性病变的上消化道广基息肉,其中采用橡皮圈套扎术24例,为橡皮圈组,对照组30例单纯采用高频电凝电切术治疗。比较两组的术后出血发生率、穿孔率。结果所有患者均成功切除息肉,橡皮圈组无穿孔及出血发生,3 d后复查胃镜示息肉已脱落,溃疡形成。对照组有1例穿孔,5例早期出血,2例迟发性出血,均予钛夹钳夹创面后出血停止。两组比较,早期出血发生率有统计学差异(P<0.05),而迟发性出血发生率及穿孔率均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论橡皮圈套扎治疗广基息肉是一种安全有效的方法,能有效地避免早期出血等并发症。     

内镜下黏膜剥离术后人工溃疡药物治疗研究进展

<正>内镜下黏膜剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)对早期胃癌可以进行完整切除,现今已被普遍应用于消化道早癌的治疗,由此而来的术后溃疡即ESD术后人工溃疡。ESD术后人工溃疡需要积极治疗以防止继发出血、穿孔、狭窄等并发症。笔者通过大量文献研究,总结归纳出ESD术后     

内镜黏膜切除术及剥离术治疗大肠早癌及癌前病变分析

目的探讨内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)及黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗大肠早癌及癌前病变的价值。方法对38例结肠较大隆起病变(直径≥1 cm)进行活检,病检提示为管状腺瘤伴中重度异型增生的,再行EMR或ESD术,分析其疗效及安全性。结果所有38例早癌及癌前病变均成功切除送检,完整切除率为97.37%(37/38);病理结果:中度异型增生17例,重度异型增生11例,癌变10例(其中1例结合术后病检结果追加了外科手术治疗);术中明显出血者EMR 0例,ESD 1例,明显出血率为0.26%(1/38);38例均未发生穿孔,术后1、6、12个月复查,无一例复发。结论 EMR及ESD术切除大肠早癌及癌前病变安全、有效。     

玻璃酸钠、去甲肾上腺素、靛胭脂混合溶液在内镜黏膜下剥离术中的临床应用

目的探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗时应用玻璃酸钠、去甲肾上腺素、靛胭脂混合溶液黏膜下注射的安全性和可行性。方法收集2010年11月-2011年2月沈阳军区总医院内窥镜科收治的16例经电子染色内镜和超声内镜检查诊断为消化道癌前病变和黏膜下肿物的病例。注射溶液包括0.2%靛胭脂10ml、去甲肾上腺素10mg、玻璃酸钠20mg和生理盐水200ml。于病变处黏膜下注射混合溶液形成液体垫后,利用海博刀行ESD。记录注射溶液用量、切割满意度、剥离成功率、术中出血发生率、穿孔发生率、手术时间、住院时间等。术后随访观察创面的愈合情况及有无复发。结果本组患者切除标本最长径0.8~4.5cm,平均2.2cm;ESD操作时间45~240min,平均95.4min;黏膜下注射总量平均为102.4ml。剥离成功率87.5%。切割满意度良好。所有患者均未发生穿孔,仅2例结肠侧向发育型肿瘤(LST)患者术中发生较难控制的出血,经热活检钳止血后出血停止。所有病例创面喷洒磷酸铝凝胶,部分创面利用金属夹缝闭。ESD术后平均住院时间为3.8d。结论黏膜下注射玻璃酸钠、去甲肾上腺素和靛胭脂混合液行ESD的效果满意,安全性高。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗胃底固有肌层肿瘤18例临床分析

目的探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗胃底固有肌层肿瘤的疗效和安全性。方法对胃镜及超声胃镜检查发现的来源于胃底固有肌层的肿瘤应用IT刀、HOOK刀进行ESD治疗。结果 18例来源于胃底固有肌层的肿瘤全部完整剥离,所有剥离病变全部得到病理确诊,基底和切缘未见病变累及。术中出血量平均40ml,均经电凝、氩离子血浆凝固和止血夹成功止血,ESD穿孔发生率17%(3/18)。结论 ESD是治疗胃底固有肌层肿瘤的有效方法,疗效可靠,不仅可以完整切除病变,还能提供完整的病理学诊断资料。     

内镜下黏膜剥离术术后出血的观察及护理

随着微创技术的不断发展,大部分消化道恶性肿瘤和没有转移的早期肿瘤都可以在内镜下进行剥离切除,内镜下黏膜剥离术(endoscopic submcosal dissection, ESD)是一项微创的新治疗技术可以免除传统手术的治疗风险,具有创伤小、疗效好、手术技术要求高的特点.ESD常见的并发症有出血、穿孔.     

内镜粘膜下剥离术或挖除术治疗上消化道疾病的体会

目的探讨内镜粘膜下剥离术（endoscopicsubmucosaldissection,ESD）或挖除术治疗上消化道疾病的疗效、安全性及并发症。方法分析2012年1月。2013年3月在我院行内镜粘膜下剥离术或挖除术治疗的33例上消化道病变的病例资料。结果本组33例患者包括食管病变8例（其中1例合并有食管胃结合部病变）,食管胃结合部病变3例（其中1例合并有胃底病变）,胃病变19例（其中2例病变多发）,十二指肠病变3例。术后病理分别为炎性或增生性息肉11例,腺瘤样息肉3例,囊肿1例,异位胰腺1例,平滑肌瘤2例,间质瘤7例,轻到重度非典型增生7例,早期癌1例。病灶直径0．5～3．5cm。所有患者均顺利完成了内镜下切除手术（1例穿孔较大者联合腹腔镜下修补）,手术时间20～120（中位数45）min,出血量2—50（中位数5）ml。其中术中穿孔2例,术中出血2例,术后迟发性出血2例（通过保守治疗痊愈）。33例患者均接受了随访,随访时间2～12个月,无复发或转移病例。结论内镜粘膜下剥离术（ESD）或挖除术治疗上消化道息肉、癌前病变、早期癌及间质瘤的疗效确切,创伤小,恢复快,但有一定的并发症,需由有经验的内镜医生开展。     

1例内镜下食管黏膜剥离术致穿孔及纵隔皮下气肿的治疗体会

内镜下黏膜剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)是微创治疗消化道早期肿瘤的新技术,其优点是创伤小、疗效好,但由于ESD操作的局限性,在术中术后有可能发生并发症,其中最危急的是穿孔。下面介绍1例早期食管癌ESD治疗中穿孔的救治体会。     

内镜超声对早期胃癌内镜下治疗的指导价值

目的探讨内镜超声（EUS）对内镜下黏膜切除术（EMR）及内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）治疗早期胃癌（EGC）的指导价值。方法 56例EGC患者事先行EUS检查后,行EMR或ESD治疗,作为研究组;未行EUS检查的32例行EMR或ESD治疗的EGC患者作为对照组。统计EUS对病灶大小、浸润深度及淋巴结转移的检查情况,比较两组病灶切除情况、手术并发症、5年复发率及生存率。结果研究组56例患者经EUS检查后,发现m癌36例,sm癌20例;与病理结果对照,m癌诊断符合率94.4%,sm癌符合率90.0%;无论是EMR还是ESD,研究组的整块切除率、完整切除率及治愈性切除率均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,非治愈性切除率显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。研究组术后5年内复发率（3.57%）显著低于对照组（18.75%）（P〈0.05）,5年存活率（98.21%）显著高于对照组（87.50%）（P〈0.05）。结论 EUS有助于EGC患者EMR或ESD适应证的选择,能指导术者对切除范围的了解,保证切除效果和安全性,提高了EGC内镜下治疗效果。     

Clinical significance of primary lesion FDG uptake for choice between oesophagectomy and endoscopic submucosal dissection for resectable oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas

Objectives

To correlate primary oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) ¹⁸F-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) uptake with pathological factors and examine its significance regarding choice of therapy.

Methods

We retrospectively examined the factors affecting visible and non-visible FDG uptake in 37 primary lesions in 32 oesophageal SCC patients who underwent PET/CT before oesophagectomy or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). We divided the lesions into pathological depth invasion ≥sm2 oesophagectomy (n?=?18) and ≤sm1 ESD (n?=?19) indicated groups and compared the diagnostic accuracy of FDG-PET with that of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) performed for 23 superficial lesions to discriminate between these groups.

Results

There were 17 visible and 20 non-visible lesions. The lesion visibility was significantly higher in the larger (≥40 mm), non-flat type, more deeply invaded, positive vascular invasion (P?P?=?0.04) and higher Glut-1 score (P?=?0.005) tumour groups. When the visible and non-visible lesions indicated a need for oesophagectomy and ESD respectively, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of oesophagectomy were 94% (17/18), 100% (19/19) and 97% (36/37) and those of EUS were 75% (3/4), 79% (15/19) and 78% (18/23) respectively.

Conclusions

Primary lesion FDG visibility can be one of the indicators for choosing between oesophagectomy and ESD for resectable oesophageal SCCs.     

Endoscopic ultrasonographic findings in benign and malignant diseases of the stomach

Endoscopic ultrasonographic (EUS) imaging was performed to examine the depth, extent and tissue character of gastric lesions in nine patients. Two patients with linitis plastica had endoscopically normal gastric mucosa, but a thickened gastric wall showing loss of normal layer structure on examination with EUS. In four patients the internal structure of gastric polyps could be imaged, showing the relationship to the gastric wall layers. EUS demonstrated the depth of gastric ulcers in three patients. Abnormalities in the echogenicity of the gastric wall adjacent to the ulcers were observed. EUS provides a three-dimensional endoscopic and ultrasonographic picture of the gastric mucosal surface and underlying wall, providing structural information not otherwise obtainable without examining the resected tissue.     

胃肠道肿瘤的超声内镜诊治价值

超声内镜（EUS）凭借其独特的优势,通过对胃肠道脏壁层次以及邻近脏器,结构的准确辨认,已成为消化内镜领域中极具临床价值的的检查诊断和引导治疗手段。本文就EUS在消化道恶性肿瘤包括食管癌,胃癌,结直肠癌的术前TN分期,胃肠道黏膜下良性肿瘤的性质判别以及EUS引导下介入性治疗中的应用作一概略评价。     

Prediction of intraoperative bleeding during endoscopic treatment in patients with early gastric cancers: utility of contrast-enhanced MDCT gastrography and the wall-carving image technique

Purpose

To assess the ability of the “wall-carving image (WC) technique,” which uses vascular images from computed tomography (CT) gastrography, to predict bleeding during endoscopic treatment in patients with early gastric cancers (EGC).

Materials and methods

We analyzed the CT enhancement on WC images of 30 patients with EGC who were treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Patients were divided into two groups—a no-bleeding group and a bleeding group—according to the degree of intraoperative bleeding during the ESD. Patient-related variables (age and sex), lesion-related variables (size, location, and morphological type), a procedure-related variable (procedure time), and the CT enhancement on WC images were compared between two groups. To assess the diagnostic performance of the CT findings in the prediction of intraoperative bleeding, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated.

Results

Lesion location, procedure time, and CT enhancement were all significantly associated with intraoperative bleeding, with p values of 0.046, 0.0007, and 0.0011, respectively. With a cut-off value of 4 or greater indicating positivity for contrast enhancement, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for predicting intraoperative bleeding were 64.3, 93.8, 90.0, and 75.0 %, respectively.

Conclusions

Contrast enhancement of WC was significantly associated with intraoperative bleeding during ESD.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗上消化道黏膜下病变疗效及安全性

目的探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）治疗上消化道黏膜下病变的疗效及安全性。方法消化内镜检查发现上消化道黏膜下病变,经超声内镜确定黏膜下病变的种类及层次,在内镜下行ESD共57例,切除全瘤组织行病理切片明确病变性质。结果所有57例黏膜下病变均成功切除。病理示间质瘤40例（70.1%）,囊肿2例（3.5%）,平滑肌瘤8例（14.0%）,胃黏膜下血管瘤1例（1.8%）,胃异位胰腺5例（8.8%）,胃早癌1例（1.8%）。超声内镜诊断与病理一致率达94.7%（54/57）。结论 ESD是治疗上消化道黏膜下病变较为安全及有效的方法。     

十二指肠腺瘤的超声内镜图像特征

目的: 探讨十二指肠腺瘤的超声内镜(EUS)图像特征.材料和方法: 分析2001-01～2004-12 31例病灶≤2cm的十二指肠粘膜或粘膜下病变EUS表现(经内镜活检或电切病理确诊).结果: 31例共检出病灶34个,其中十二指肠腺瘤12个,炎性息肉8个,囊肿5个,脂肪瘤4个,胃粘膜异位4个,错构性息肉1个.十二指肠腺瘤病灶中10个呈等回声结节,2个呈强回声;11个病灶位于粘膜层,边界清晰,1例较大病灶与粘膜下层无分界.10个病灶内部回声不均匀,2个均匀较小病灶.结论: 十二指肠腺瘤的EUS主要表现为粘膜层内边界清晰的不均匀等回声结节,EUS检查能为十二指肠腺瘤正确诊断提供帮助.     

Gastric tumors with fatty components. CT findings and differential diagnosis

PURPOSE: To assess the role of CT in diagnosing and characterizing gastric fatty tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed the CT scans of 16 patients (8 men, 8 women, mean age 52 years) with gastric fatty tumors (11 lipomas, 3 liposarcomas, 1 angiolipoma, 1 teratoma) examined from 1990 to 1999. The differential diagnosis considered primary and secondary lipomatosis, carcinoma engulfing the perivisceral fat and thus mimicking a liposarcoma, mesenchymal gastric and primary peritoneal tumors. RESULTS: Lipomas involved the fundus (7/11), the body (3/11), the antrum (1/11). Multifocality was found in one case. Lesions size ranged 25 to 65 mm (mean 35 mm). All the lipomas showed homogeneous structure with negative (-30 -100) HU values. A pseudocapsule was demonstrated in 7/11 cases. No infiltrative growth was demonstrated. The angiolipoma located in the fundus showed a vascular component with strong contrast enhancement. All the liposarcomas were bigger than 10 cm and there was a strong correlation between pathologic specimen and CT findings. The differentiated liposarcomas showed the classic heterogeneous fatty density; on the contrary the myxoid and the pleomorphic types showed an aspecific structure with necrotic/cystic changes, mostly demonstrated in the myxoid type. The teratoma was a solid mass with fatty, solid, necrotic and calcified components. CONCLUSION: CT allows the diagnosis and characterization of gastric fatty tumors. The preoperative diagnosis of lipomas plays a major clinical role because it often makes surgery unnecessary.