高海拔地区影响部队官兵睡眠质量的因素调查与分析

目的调查高海拔地区部队官兵睡眠状况,探讨高海拔地区官兵睡眠质量的影响因素。方法以高海拔地区(海拔3 000 m以上)396名官兵为观察组,以210名西宁地区海拔2 270 m官兵为对照组,依据通用的调查量表自制成问卷进行问卷调查。结果高海拔地区官兵睡眠不足综合征、睡眠时相延迟综合征、睡眠梦多梦魇症、失眠、鼾症、睡眠肌痉挛综合征、睡眠梦语症和倒班综合征患病率均高于西宁地区(P<0.05);高海拔地区官兵头痛、多梦惊醒、消化不良、打鼾、夜间如厕、咳嗽、发冷、发热和其他身体不适症状患有率高于西宁地区(P<0.05);高海拔地区生活条件差和入睡环境差回答率高于西宁地区(P<0.05)。结论 高海拔地区官兵睡眠质量低于西宁地区,生理因素和环境因素影响了高海拔地区官兵睡眠。     

急进高原高海拔地区高原反应发生情况分析及紧急献血可行性初步探讨

目的：调查185名从平原急进高原地区人员高原反应发生情况,以及海拔约4600 m地区试验性紧急献血人员健康状况,为高原高海拔地区紧急采血的实施提供科学依据。方法依照GJB1098-1991《急性高原反应的诊断和处理原则》测定不同海拔高度高原反应变化,填写调查表,分析海拔约3600 m和4600 m环境下高原反应发生情况以及海拔4600 m地区献血者紧急献血前后身体健康状况。结果不同海拔高度高原反应发生率变化不明显,但高海拔地区中重度高原反应发生率明显增加;航空机动模式（2～5 h）和铁路机动模式（6～9 d）入藏人员高原反应发生率基本一致,分别为70．00％和74．40％;健康者紧急献血后未发生献血反应和高原反应。结论高原海拔4600 m地区在一定条件下可以开展紧急献血,但仍需加大样本量继续进行深入研究。     

急进海拔5200m高原15名健康成人血乳酸浓度分析

急进海拔5200m低氧环境下人体血乳酸的变化情况,国内尚少报道.作者于1991年6月至9月对15名健康战士由海拔1400m急进海拔5200m处进行血乳酸自身对比调查,结果如下.对象和方法1.本文调查对象年龄18～22岁,其中首次进入高原10人,再次进入高原、但在平原生活一年以上者5人.经体格检查,符合上高原条件.2.对上述战士由海拔1400m乘车经海拔3900m～3800m～5000m高度连续4天进驻海拔5200m守防点,在海拔5200m处停留第7天、15天、60天分别做血乳酸检测.3.所有受试者在试验期间,体力活动较少,在试验采血前坐位休息15分钟,采耳垂血按杨天乐的方法测定血乳酸浓度.结果海拔5200m不同停留时间的15名健康人血乳酸浓度的分析结果如附表.     

海拔5000m以上驻防官兵慢性高原病患病情况调查

目的 了解喀喇昆仑山海拔5000 m以上驻防官兵慢性高原病(CMS)发病情况,为制定针对性防治措施提供依据.方法 依据CMS青海标准,对喀喇昆仑山驻防1年的223名官兵进行健康检查,并与2005年的调查结果 进行比较分析.结果 223名官兵中,45人患有CMS,患病率为20.2%.其中海拔5380 m组、5200 m组、5100 m组CMS患病率分别为29.6%、35.2%、30.8%,显著高于海拔4300 m组(4.1%)和海拔3700 m组(7.4%)(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);海拔5380 m组、5200 m组、5100 m组血红蛋白含量分别为(196.7±21.0)g/L、(200.0±18.1)g/L、(197.6±17.1)g/L,也显著高于海拔4300 m组(180.1±15.2)g/L和海拔3700 m组(183.6±17.2)g/L(P＜0.01).本次调查CMS患病率较2005年明显降低,其中海拔5380 m组由85.7%下降至29.6%,海拔4300 m组由43.5%下降至4.1%(P＜0.01).结论 喀喇昆仑山驻防官兵CMS患病情况较5年前明显改善,但海拔5000 m以上驻防官兵的健康保护问题仍需重点研究.     

膈肌导引与腹式呼吸对高原作业人员血氧饱和度及心率影响的比较

目的 比较膈肌导引与腹式呼吸改善高原作业人员血氧饱和度和心率的效果,为高原作业人员提供一种更有效的呼吸方法.方法 在海拔4000 m的高原随机抽取进驻高原满1个月且不足3个月的作业人员50名,采用随机数字表法分为两组,运用交叉对照研究方法分别测量受试者膈肌导引和腹式呼吸各5 min前后的血氧饱和度与心率,比较膈肌导引和...     

氨菲苯预防伞兵高原反应的效果观察

长期生活在平原者,在短时间内进入高原易发生急性高原反应,头痛是急性高原反应的主要症状之一,直接影响伞兵高原空降作战能力。为此,我们于1995年8月5～22日在西藏地区对完成海拔5000m、6100m高度跳伞伞兵服用氨菲苯片防治头痛进行了观察,现报告如下。1　对象和方法1.1　对象　跳伞员65名均为男性,年龄18～44岁。常规体检无异常发现,均为久居平原者,既往未进驻过海拔3000m以上高原。其中海拔5000m高度跳伞41名,海拔6100m高度跳伞24名,两组随机分为给药组和对照组,各组人员数及年龄相近。1.2　方法　空运入藏到达贡嘎地区(海拔3700m),第5天起…     

阶梯法与非阶梯法进入海拔4500m高原AHAD发病率调查

目的观察阶梯法、非阶梯法进入特高海拔高原急性高原病(AHAD)发病率。方法经体检健康的内地人员6521名,分为阶梯法进入组(4352名)和非阶梯法进入组(2169名);阶梯法进入组:先乘飞机到达拉萨(海拔3650 m),休息3~4 d后再乘汽车到达海拔4500 m地区;非阶梯法进入组:乘飞机到拉萨后,当天乘汽车进入海拔4500 m地区。统计两组人员于进入高原后1~14 d内AHAD发病率。结果阶梯法进入组AHAD发病率为15.88%(691/4352),非阶梯法进入组发病率为74.96%(1626/2169),组间比较有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论阶梯法可以显著减低进入特高海拔高原AHAD发病率。     

驻守高山海军人员SCL-90调查

驻守高山的海军人员心理卫生状况研究 ,目前报道较少 ,仅有少量对高原 (海拔 2 0 0 0 m以上 )地区居住者的心理卫生状况研究 ,普遍认为高原居住者有心理健康水平的降低 [1 ,2 ]。我们对驻守高山 (海拔 5 0 0～ 110 0 m)的海军人员进行了症状自评量表 (SCL- 90 )评定 ,以了解驻守高山的海军人员心理健康状况。一、对象和方法1.对象 :按比例随机抽取 30名驻守高山的海军人员为调查组 ,均为男性 ,年龄 18～ 2 8岁 ,上高山实际居住时间 3～ 10 8个月 ,初中以上文化程度 ,无明显的躯体疾病和精神病史。以中国男性成人常模资料 18～ 2 9岁组 [3 …     

喀喇昆仑山133名健康人肺通气功能测定结果

有关健康成年人肺通气功能测定已多见报道,但海拔5000米以上地区肺通气功能测定则报道甚少。我们于1987年10月对驻守喀喇昆仑山海拔5000米以上地区3个边防哨所的133名干部、战士,进行了几项肺通气功能测定,现报告如下。 对象、环境与方法 一、对象:133名受检者均男性,生于平原,年龄17～30岁,平均20.8岁。4个月前自海拔1400米处进驻各哨所,已基本适应高原气候。经体检、     

空运进藏伞兵急性高原反应调查

为探讨高原地区空降作战卫勤保障工作,我们于1995年8月5～22日对空运进藏的200名伞兵,在海拔3700m、5000m、6100m等不同高度伞降发生的急性高原反应情况进行调查,现将结果报告如下。     

Improving oxygenation at high altitude: acclimatization and O2 enrichment

When lowlanders go to high altitude, the resulting oxygen deprivation impairs mental and physical performance, quality of sleep, and general well-being. This paper compares the effects of ventilatory acclimatization and oxygen enrichment of room air on the improvement of oxygenation as judged by the increase in the alveolar P(O2) and the reduction in equivalent altitude. The results show that, on the average, complete ventilatory acclimatization at an altitude of 5000 m increases the alveolar P(O2) by nearly 8 torr, which corresponds to a reduction in equivalent altitude of about 1000 m, although there is considerable individual variability. By comparison, oxygen enrichment to 27% at 5000 m can easily reduce the equivalent altitude to 3200 m, which is generally well tolerated. Because full ventilatory acclimatization at altitudes up to about 3600 m reduces the equivalent altitude to about 3000 m, oxygen enrichment is not justified for well-acclimatized persons. At an altitude of 4200 m, where several telescopes are located on the summit of Mauna Kea, full acclimatization reduces the equivalent altitude to about 3400 m, but the pattern of commuting probably would not allow this. Therefore, at this altitude, oxygen enrichment would be beneficial but is not essential. At higher altitudes such as 5050 m, where other telescopes are located or planned, the gain in oxygenation from acclimatization is insufficient to produce an adequate mental or physical performance for most work, and oxygen enrichment is highly desirable. Full ventilatory acclimatization requires at least a week of continuous exposure, although much of the improvement is seen in the first 2 days.     

Role of airway receptors in altitude-induced dyspnea

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the role of airway receptors in respiratory-related sensations after ascent to altitude. METHODS: Ratings of respiratory-related sensations, perceived exertion and acute mountain sickness, heart rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation were recorded at rest and exercise in male and female subjects who had inhaled either aerosolized saline or saline with tetracaine after acute ascent to an altitude of 3500 m and after prolonged acclimatization of 18 d at altitudes between 4000 and 5000 m. RESULTS: Tetracaine had no effect on respiratory-related sensations at altitude either at rest or during exercise, and male and female subjects experienced similar respiratory-related sensations. Sensations of rapid breathing were experienced at rest after acute exposure to 3500 m as compared with sea level, but not after acclimatization to 5000 m. Sensations of rapid breathing, air hunger, and heavy breathing were experienced during exercise after acute and prolonged altitude exposure as compared with sea level, with a sensation of chest tightness experienced at 3500 m and a sensation of gasping experienced at 5000 m. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that airway afferents play no role in the respiratory-related sensations experienced by male and female subjects either during acute ascent to altitude or after prolonged acclimatization at altitude.     

部队经过阶梯适应性训练后急性高原反应发生情况调查

本文对某部４８２人自平原（海拔１４００ｍ）进驻海拔３７００ｍ，经过４０天的阶梯适应性训练，然后快速（４小时）进驻海拔５２７０ｍ，第１￣７天急性高原反应的发生率最高为３２．４％，且无１例重症急性高原反应。另一支部队自平原快速（５天）进驻海拔５０１０、５２００和５３８０ｍ，第１￣１０天急性高原反应的发生率最高为８５．７％，其中重症急性高原反应为３２．８％，２人发生了高原脑水肿合并高原肺水肿。作者认为进     

急性中度缺氧对人计算能力影响的研究

为观察急性中度缺氧对人计算能力的影响，利用低压舱模拟３００ｍ（对照），３６００ｍ，４４００ｍ，５０００ｍ高度的缺氧暴露，考察１６名健康男性青年的连续计算，系列加减及心算测验综合绩效的变化，结果显示，３６００ｍ缺氧暴露１ｈ，连续计算测验的错误率增加，系列加减运算的反应时延长，综合绩效下降，均达到显著水平（Ｐ〈０．０５），４４００ｍ缺氧暴露各测验的绩效均明显下降（Ｐ〈０．０５），５０００ｍ暴露时各项测     

旅居高原肺通气功能的动态变化

作者在不同的海拔高度对30例健康人肺通气功能、血氧饱和度(SO_2)及流速容量曲线(MEFV)做了较长时间的动态观察。结果发现:呼吸频率(RR)、潮气量(TV)和每分通气量(MV)均随海拔升高而升高,但SO_2却随海拔升高而下降。持续海拔5000米高原11周时SO_2呈上升趋势,但MV却减少,二者呈反向变化。因此、作者认为,肺通气对缺氧的代偿是非常有限的,它需要肺血灌注和弥散功能的改善以及氧运输、氧利用的密切配合。而SO_2和MV的反向变化以及血红蛋白(Hb)的提高可能是机体在器官水平上逐渐产生了对低氧适应的结果。作者还对随海拔升高高峰流速(PEFR)的逐渐增大以及等速容量(Visov)的增大进行了讨论。     

Effect of double-shift work on the circadian dynamics of rate of heart contraction

Circadian variations of the heart rate of 58 male workers, aged 18-21, were investigated. The builders were from different geographical areas and their work record at the construction site was 2 months, 1 or 2 years. Some of the test subjects worked only in the daytime (8 a.m. to 5 p.m.) and others worked in two shifts (day and night-5 p.m. to 1 a.m.), with the two shifts alternating weekly. Physical examinations were performed next day after the working week (those who worked in two shifts were as a rule examined after night shift). Heart rate was determined from ECGs (recorded in the II standard lead at 2-hour intervals during 24 hours; at night electrode fixation naturally disturbed the test subjects). The builders whose work record was 2 months showed an inverted heart rate: normal increase in the daytime and decrease at night was reversed and night values were greater than daytime values. This can be considered as a manifestation of anxiety due to an early change in the social, geographical and everyday environment. The builders whose work record was 1 or 2 years did not show such changes. The workers who worked in two shifts showed larger amplitudes in the circadian rhythm of heart rate, irrespective of their work record. This can be regarded as a manifestation of stress due to the night shift or continuous changes from one shift to the other.     

Altitude training for the marathon

For nearly 40 years, scientists and elite endurance athletes have been investigating the use of altitude in an effort to enhance exercise performance. While the results of many early studies on the use of altitude training for sea level performance enhancement have produced equivocal results, newer studies using the 'live high, train low' altitude training model have demonstrated significant improvements in red cell mass, maximal oxygen uptake, oxygen uptake at ventilatory threshold, and 3000m and 5000m race time. For the marathoner looking to add altitude training to their peak performance plans, residence at an altitude of 2000-2500m, a minimum of 20 hours per day, for 4 weeks, appears to hold the greatest potential for performance enhancement.Based on published mathematical models of marathon performance, a marathoner with a typical or average running economy who performed 'live high, train low' altitude training could experience an improvement of nearly 8.5 minutes (or approximately 5%) over the 26.2-mile race distance.     

高原地区驻守官兵高原适应状况调查

目的：了解高原部队人员高原适应情况,为高原部队的生理及心理卫生健康保健提供依据。方法：回顾性问卷调查104名不同海拔驻扎士兵高原适应程度及SCL-90心理健康状况。结果：高原上常发疾病为嘴唇干裂、视力减退、皮肤干裂、气喘、鼻出血、腹胀、便秘。被调查官兵中,高原肺水肿和高原脑水肿的发生率为3.1%和0。而慢性高原病尤其是红细胞增多症和高原心脏病的发生随着海拔与时间的增加而增加。SCL-90调查结果显示,高原官兵躯体化、焦虑、恐怖因子得分高于中国青年常模和军人常模,但无显著性差异。结论：高原缺氧、气候干燥、紫外线辐射等严重影响到官兵的身心健康,应积极做好紫外线防护、水质安全和健康体检等干预工作。     

驻地不同海拔高度西藏边防军人SCL-90评定结果分析

目的了解不同海拔高度西藏边防军人心理健康状况,为官兵心理健康教育及心理疏导提供科学依据。方法整群随机抽取不同海拔高度1550名高原边防军人,采用心理《症状自评量表》（SCL-90）进行心理健康测评。结果西藏边防军人在躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性、睡眠饮食等7个因子均高于中国军人常模（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）,但人际敏感与中国军人常模相比降低明显（P〈0.05）;随海拔高度的升高,驻守海拔3500~4300米边防军人在躯体化、敌对、睡眠饮食、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖7个因子均高于驻守海拔3000~3500米边防军人（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。结论高原对官兵心理健康有影响,且海拔越高其影响作用越明显。     

氧烛对高原人体血氧饱和度及血乳酸的影响

目的观察在高原利用氧烛建立富氧室对移居高原男青年血氧饱和度（SaO2）及血乳酸（BLA）的影响。方法 8名进驻高原1年的受试者在海拔3700 m夜间睡眠,监测其常氧和富氧（氧浓度为24%～25%）条件下的SaO2变化;起床脱离富氧室3 h后空腹采集肘静脉血,检测BLA在富氧前、富氧后的变化。结果富氧较常氧下受试者SaO2增高（P〈0.01）,富氧组BLA与常氧组比较降低（P〈0.01）。结论用氧烛制作富氧室可显著改善人体高原缺氧状态。